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Expressivism here faces a challenge, as its basic forms entail a pernicious type of <jats:italic>transparency<\/jats:italic>, according to which \u2018Smith knows that it might be raining\u2019 is equivalent to \u2018it is consistent with everything that Smith knows that it is raining\u2019 or \u2018Smith doesn\u2019t know that it isn\u2019t raining\u2019. Pernicious transparency has direct counterexamples and undermines vanilla principles of epistemic logic, such as that knowledge entails true belief and that something can be true without one knowing it might be. I re-frame the challenge in precise terms and propose a novel expressivist formal semantics that meets it by exploiting (i) the topic-sensitivity and fragmentation of knowledge and belief states and (ii) the apparent context-sensitivity of epistemic modality. The resulting form of <jats:italic>assertibility semantics<\/jats:italic> advances the state of the art for state-based bilateral semantics by combining attitude reports with context-sensitive modal claims, while evading various objectionable features. In appendices, I compare the proposed system to Beddor and Goldstein\u2019s \u2018safety semantics\u2019 and discuss its analysis of a modal Gettier case due to Moss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10992-024-09759-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T12:01:57Z","timestamp":1717761717000},"page":"1109-1143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modal Knowledge for Expressivists"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6810-7918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Hawke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"9759_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3765\/sp.15.5","volume":"15","author":"M Aloni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aloni, M. 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