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We now present a further extension of this framework (causal multiteams) which allows us to talk about probabilistic causal statements. We analyze the expressivity resources of two causal-probabilistic languages, one finitary and one infinitary. We show that many causal-probabilistic notions from the literature on causal inference can already be expressed in the finitary language, and we prove a normal form theorem that throws a new light on Pearl\u2019s \u201cladder of causation\u201d. In addition, we provide an exact semantic characterization of the infinitary language, which shows that this language captures precisely those causal-probabilistic statements that do not commit us to any specific interpretation of probability; and we prove that no usual, countable language is apt for this task.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10992-024-09777-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T12:02:21Z","timestamp":1727784141000},"page":"1537-1577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiteam Semantics for Interventionist Counterfactuals: Probabilities and Causation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0959-6977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Barbero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9014-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Sandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"9777_CR1","unstructured":"Abiteboul, S., Hull, R., & Vianu, V. 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