{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T15:47:12Z","timestamp":1757778432404,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Minds & Machines"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-017-9426-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]],"date-time":"2017-03-09T06:08:38Z","timestamp":1489039718000},"page":"199-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Strength of Desires: A Logical Approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Didier","family":"Dubois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Lorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4586-8527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henri","family":"Prade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"9426_CR1","volume-title":"Intention","author":"GEM Anscombe","year":"1957","unstructured":"Anscombe, G. E. M. (1957). Intention. Oxford: Basil Blackwell."},{"key":"9426_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2013.11.003","volume":"55","author":"M Banerjee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Banerjee, M., & Dubois, D. (2014). A simple logic for reasoning about incomplete knowledge. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 55, 639\u2013653.","journal-title":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning"},{"key":"9426_CR3","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th conference in uncertainty in artificial intelligence (UAI \u201902)","author":"S Benferhat","year":"2002","unstructured":"Benferhat, S., Dubois, D., Kaci, S., & Prade, H. (2002). Bipolar possibilistic representations. In A. Darwiche & N. Friedman (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th conference in uncertainty in artificial intelligence (UAI \u201902) (pp. 45\u201352). Edmonton, Alberta: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"9426_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2005.04.001","volume":"7","author":"S Benferhat","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benferhat, S., Dubois, D., Kaci, S., & Prade, H. (2006). Bipolar possibility theory in preference modeling: Representation, fusion and optimal solutions. Information Fusion, 7, 135\u2013150.","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"9426_CR5","unstructured":"Benferhat, S., Dubois, D., & Prade, H. (1999). Towards a possibilistic logic handling of preferences. In Proceedings of the 16th conference on artificial intelligence (IJCAI 99) (pp. 1370\u20131375). Stockholm: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"9426_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-9817-0_5","volume-title":"Frontiers in belief revision","author":"S Benferhat","year":"2001","unstructured":"Benferhat, S., Dubois, D., & Prade, H. (2001). A computational model for belief change and fusing ordered belief bases. In M.-A. Williams & H. Rott (Eds.), Frontiers in belief revision (pp. 109\u2013134). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers."},{"key":"9426_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014658309853","volume":"70","author":"S Benferhat","year":"2002","unstructured":"Benferhat, S., Dubois, D., Prade, H., & Williams, M.-A. (2002). A practical approach to revising prioritized knowledge bases. Studia Logica, 70, 105\u2013130.","journal-title":"Studia Logica"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9426_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(03)00025-0","volume":"148","author":"S Benferhat","year":"2003","unstructured":"Benferhat, S., & Kaci, S. (2003). Logical representation and fusion of prioritized information based on guaranteed possibility measures: Application to the distance-based merging of classical bases. Artificial Intelligence, 148(1\u20132), 291\u2013333.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"12\u201313","key":"9426_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2009.05.001","volume":"173","author":"G Bonanno","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bonanno, G. (2009). Rational choice and AGM belief revision. Artificial Intelligence, 173(12\u201313), 1194\u20131203.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"9426_CR10","unstructured":"Boutilier, C. (1993). Revision sequences and nested conditionals. In Proceedings of the 13th international joint conference on artificial intelligence (IJCAI\u201993) (pp. 519\u2013525). Chamb\u00e9ry: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"9426_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2010.12.006","volume":"175","author":"A Casali","year":"2011","unstructured":"Casali, A., Godo, L., & Sierra, C. (2011). A graded BDI agent model to represent and reason about preferences. Artificial Intelligence, 175, 1468\u20131478.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"9426_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-006-9156-3","volume":"155","author":"C Castelfranchi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Castelfranchi, C., & Paglieri, F. (2007). The role of beliefs in goal dynamics: Prolegomena to a constructive theory of intentions. Synthese, 155(2), 237\u2013263.","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"9426_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-54563-8_65","volume-title":"Methodologies for intelligent systems (ISMIS 1991), lecture notes in computer science","author":"J Doyle","year":"1991","unstructured":"Doyle, J., Shoham, Y., & Wellman, M. P. (1991). A logic of relative desire (preliminary report). In Z. Ras & M. Zemankova (Eds.), Methodologies for intelligent systems (ISMIS 1991), lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 542, pp. 16\u201331). New York: Springer."},{"key":"9426_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2927.001.0001","volume-title":"Explaining behavior: Reasons in a world of causes","author":"F Dretske","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dretske, F. (1988). Explaining behavior: Reasons in a world of causes. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"9426_CR15","first-page":"403","volume":"5","author":"D Dubois","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dubois, D. (1986). Belief structures, possibility theory and decomposable confidence measures on finite sets. Computers and Artificial Intelligence (Bratislava), 5(6), 403\u2013416.","journal-title":"Computers and Artificial Intelligence (Bratislava)"},{"key":"9426_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008370109997","volume":"9","author":"D Dubois","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dubois, D., Hajek, P., & Prade, H. (2000). Knowledge-driven versus data-driven logics. Journal of logic, Language and information, 9, 65\u201389.","journal-title":"Journal of logic, Language and information"},{"key":"9426_CR17","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th international conference scalable uncert. Mgmt. (SUM\u201913), LNCS 8078","author":"D Dubois","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dubois, D., Lorini, E., & Prade, H. (2013). Bipolar possibility theory as a basis for a logic of desires and beliefs. In W. Liu, V. S. Subrahmanian, & J. Wijsen (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th international conference scalable uncert. Mgmt. (SUM\u201913), LNCS 8078. Washington, DC: Springer."},{"key":"9426_CR18","volume-title":"Proceedings of the international workshop on defeasible and ampliative reasoning (DARe@ECAI 2014)","author":"D Dubois","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dubois, D., Lorini, E., & Prade, H. (2014). Nonmonotonic desires\u2013A possibility theory viewpoint. In R. Booth, G. Casini, S. Klarman, G. Richard, & I. J. Varzinczak (Eds.), Proceedings of the international workshop on defeasible and ampliative reasoning (DARe@ECAI 2014) (Vol. 1212). Prague: CEUR Workshop Proceedings."},{"key":"9426_CR19","unstructured":"Dubois, D., Lorini, E., & Prade, H. (2015). Revising desires\u2013A possibility theory viewpoint. In T. Andreasen, H. Christiansen, J. Kacprzyk, H. Larsen, G. Pasi, O. Pivert, G. De Tr\u00e9, M. A. Vila, A. Yazici, & S. Zadro\u017cny (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th international conference on flexible query answering systems (FQAS\u201915) (Vol. 400, pp. 3\u201313). Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing series."},{"key":"9426_CR20","volume-title":"Proceedings of the international workshop on defeasible and ampliative reasoning (DARe@ECAI 2016)","author":"D Dubois","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dubois, D., Lorini, E., & Prade, H. (2016). A possibility theory-based approach to desire change. In R. Booth, G. Casini, S. Klarman, G. Richard, & I. J. Varzinczak (Eds.), Proceedings of the international workshop on defeasible and ampliative reasoning (DARe@ECAI 2016) (Vol. 1626). The Hague: CEUR Workshop Proceedings."},{"key":"9426_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90101-O","volume":"50","author":"D Dubois","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dubois, D., & Prade, H. (1991). Epistemic entrenchment and possibilistic logic. Artificial Intelligence, 50, 223\u2013239.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"9426_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511526664.006","volume-title":"Belief revision","author":"D Dubois","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dubois, D., & Prade, H. (1992). Belief change and possibility theory. In P. G\u00e4rdenfors (Ed.), Belief revision (pp. 142\u2013182). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9426_CR23","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Quantified representation of uncertainty and imprecision, handbook of defeasible reasoning and uncertainty management systems","author":"D Dubois","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dubois, D., & Prade, H. (1998). Possibility theory: Qualitative and quantitative aspects. In D. Gabbay & P. Smets (Eds.), Quantified representation of uncertainty and imprecision, handbook of defeasible reasoning and uncertainty management systems (Vol. 1, pp. 169\u2013226). Dordrecht: Kluwer."},{"key":"9426_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2003.10.011","volume":"144","author":"D Dubois","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dubois, D., & Prade, H. (2004). Possibilistic logic: A retrospective and prospective view. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 144, 3\u201323.","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"9426_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-9198-8_7","volume-title":"Degrees of belief","author":"D Dubois","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dubois, D., & Prade, H. (2009a). Accepted beliefs, revision and bipolarity in the possibilistic framework. In F. Huber & C. Schmidt-Petri (Eds.), Degrees of belief (pp. 161\u2013184). New York: Springer."},{"issue":"10","key":"9426_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2008.11.006","volume":"160","author":"D Dubois","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dubois, D., & Prade, H. (2009b). An overview of the asymmetric bipolar representation of positive and negative information in possibility theory. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 160(10), 1355\u20131366.","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"9426_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2010.11.007","volume":"192","author":"D Dubois","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dubois, D., & Prade, H. (2012). Gradualness, uncertainty and bipolarity: Making sense of fuzzy sets. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 192, 3\u201324.","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"9426_CR28","volume-title":"Knowledge in flux. Modeling the dynamics of epistemic states","author":"P G\u00e4rdenfors","year":"1988","unstructured":"G\u00e4rdenfors, P. (1988). Knowledge in flux. Modeling the dynamics of epistemic states. Cambridge: The MIT Press."},{"key":"9426_CR29","unstructured":"G\u00e4rdenfors, P. (1990). Belief revision and nonmonotonic logic: Two sides of the same coin? In Proceedings of the 9th European conference on artificial intelligence (ECAI\u201990) (pp. 768\u2013773). Stockholm."},{"key":"9426_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00247909","volume":"17","author":"A Grove","year":"1988","unstructured":"Grove, A. (1988). Two modellings for theory change. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 17, 157\u2013170.","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Logic"},{"key":"9426_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1086\/257678","volume":"63","author":"J Harsanyi","year":"1955","unstructured":"Harsanyi, J. (1955). Cardinal welfare, individualistic ethics, and interpersonal comparisons of utility. Journal of Political Economy, 63, 309\u2013321.","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"9426_CR32","volume-title":"Utilitarianism and beyond","author":"J Harsanyi","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harsanyi, J. (1982). Morality and the theory of rational behaviour. In A. K. Sen & B. Williams (Eds.), Utilitarianism and beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"issue":"401","key":"9426_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/101.401.59","volume":"101","author":"IL Humberstone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Humberstone, I. L. (1992). Direction of fit. Mind, 101(401), 59\u201383.","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"9426_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hume, D. (1978). A treatise of human nature (2nd Oxford edn.). L. A. Selby-Bigge & P. H. Nidditch (Eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/actrade\/9780198245872.book.1"},{"key":"9426_CR35","first-page":"318","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th European conference artificial intelligence (ECAI\u201996)","author":"J Lang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lang, J., & van der Torre, L. (1996). Conditional desires and utilities: An alternative logical approach to qualitative decision theory. In W. Wahlster (Ed.), Proceedings of the 12th European conference artificial intelligence (ECAI\u201996) (pp. 318\u2013322). Budapest: Wiley ."},{"key":"9426_CR36","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th European conference on artificial intelligence (ECAI\u201908)","author":"J Lang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lang, J., & van der Torre, L. (2008). From belief change to preference change. In M. Ghallab, C. D. Spyropoulos, N. Fakotakis, & N. M. Avouris (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th European conference on artificial intelligence (ECAI\u201908) (pp. 351\u2013355). Patras: IOS Press."},{"key":"9426_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015508524218","volume":"5","author":"J Lang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lang, J., van der Torre, L., & Weydert, E. (2002). Utilitarian desires. Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 5, 329\u2013363.","journal-title":"Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems"},{"key":"9426_CR38","first-page":"685","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th international joint conference on artificial intelligence (IJCAI\u201903)","author":"J Lang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lang, J., van der Torre, L., & Weydert, E. (2003). Hidden uncertainty in the logical representation of desires. In G. Gottlob & T. Walsh (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18th international joint conference on artificial intelligence (IJCAI\u201903) (pp. 685\u2013690). Acapulco: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"issue":"4","key":"9426_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262950","volume":"2","author":"D Lewis","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lewis, D. (1973). Counterfactuals and comparative possibility. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 2(4), 418\u2013446.","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Logic"},{"key":"9426_CR40","volume-title":"An essay concerning human understanding","author":"J Locke","year":"1975","unstructured":"Locke, J. (1975). An essay concerning human understanding. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The Clarendon Edition of the Works of John Locke."},{"issue":"230","key":"9426_CR41","first-page":"177","volume":"58","author":"E Lorini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lorini, E. (2014). A logic for reasoning about moral agents. Logique et Analyse, Centre National de Recherches en Logique (Belgium), 58(230), 177\u2013218 .","journal-title":"Logique et Analyse, Centre National de Recherches en Logique (Belgium)"},{"key":"9426_CR42","volume-title":"Ways of meaning","author":"M Platts","year":"1979","unstructured":"Platts, M. (1979). Ways of meaning. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul."},{"key":"9426_CR43","unstructured":"Rao, A. S., & Georgeff, M. P. (1991). Modeling rational agents within a BDI-architecture. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on principles of knowledge representation and reasoning (pp. 473\u2013484)."},{"key":"9426_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198503064.001.0001","volume-title":"Change, choice and inference. A study of belief revision and nonmonotonic reasoning","author":"H Rott","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rott, H. (2001). Change, choice and inference. A study of belief revision and nonmonotonic reasoning. Oxford: Clarendon Press."},{"key":"9426_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195172379.001.0001","volume-title":"Three faces of desires","author":"T Schroeder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schroeder, T. (2004). Three faces of desires. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"9426_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511609213","volume-title":"Expression and meaning","author":"J Searle","year":"1979","unstructured":"Searle, J. (1979). Expression and meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9426_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5759.001.0001","volume-title":"Rationality in action","author":"J Searle","year":"2001","unstructured":"Searle, J. (2001). Rationality in action. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"key":"9426_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199697502.001.0001","volume-title":"The laws of belief: Ranking theory and its philosophical applications","author":"W Spohn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Spohn, W. (2012). The laws of belief: Ranking theory and its philosophical applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"9426_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00122574","volume":"5","author":"A Tversky","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5, 297\u2013323.","journal-title":"Journal of Risk and Uncertainty"},{"key":"9426_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10992-008-9085-3","volume":"38","author":"J Benthem van","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Benthem, J., Girard, P., & Roy, O. (2009). Everything else being equal: A modal logic for ceteris paribus preferences. Journal of Philosophical Logic, 38, 83\u2013125.","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Logic"},{"issue":"2","key":"9426_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3166\/jancl.17.157-182","volume":"17","author":"J Benthem van","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Benthem, J., & Liu, F. (2007). Dynamic logic of preference upgrade. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 17(2), 157\u2013182.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics"},{"key":"9426_CR52","volume-title":"The logic of preference","author":"GH Wright Von","year":"1963","unstructured":"Von Wright, G. H. (1963). The logic of preference. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press."},{"key":"9426_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00141053","volume":"3","author":"GH Wright Von","year":"1972","unstructured":"Von Wright, G. H. (1972). The logic of preference reconsidered. Theory and Decision, 3, 140\u2013169.","journal-title":"Theory and Decision"},{"key":"9426_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(78)80003-0","volume":"10","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1978","unstructured":"Zadeh, L. A. (1978). PRUF: A meaning representation language for natural languages. International Journa of Man-Machine Studies, 10, 395\u2013460.","journal-title":"International Journa of Man-Machine Studies"}],"container-title":["Minds and Machines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11023-017-9426-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11023-017-9426-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11023-017-9426-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T11:04:42Z","timestamp":1750071882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11023-017-9426-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-017-9426-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0924-6495"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-8641"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}}}