{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T07:44:17Z","timestamp":1782373457075,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Minds &amp; Machines"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A series of recent developments points towards auditing as a promising mechanism to bridge the gap between principles and practice in AI ethics. Building on ongoing discussions concerning ethics-based auditing, we offer three contributions. First, we argue that ethics-based auditing can improve the quality of decision making, increase user satisfaction, unlock growth potential, enable law-making, and relieve human suffering. Second, we highlight current best practices to support the design and implementation of ethics-based auditing: To be feasible and effective, ethics-based auditing should take the form of a continuous and constructive process, approach ethical alignment from a system perspective, and be aligned with public policies and incentives for ethically desirable behaviour. Third, we identify and discuss the constraints associated with ethics-based auditing. Only by understanding and accounting for these constraints can ethics-based auditing facilitate ethical alignment of AI, while enabling society to reap the full economic and social benefits of automation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-021-09557-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T21:09:28Z","timestamp":1613768968000},"page":"323-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["Ethics-Based Auditing to Develop Trustworthy AI"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8691-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"M\u00f6kander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5444-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciano","family":"Floridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"9557_CR1","unstructured":"AI HLEG. European Commission's Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence\u200b. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/futurium\/en\/ai-alliance-consultation\/guidelines\/1 (2019)."},{"key":"9557_CR4","unstructured":"Brundage, M., et al. (2020). Toward trustworthy AI development: Mechanisms for supporting verifiable claims. arXiv."},{"key":"9557_CR6","unstructured":"Deloitte. (2020). Deloitte introduces trustworthy AI framework to guide organisations in ethical application of technology. Press Release. New York, August 26, 2020. https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/us\/en\/pages\/about-deloitte\/articles\/press-releases\/deloitte-introduces-trustworthy-ai-framework.html."},{"key":"9557_CR7","volume-title":"The 4th revolution: How the infosphere is reshaping human reality","author":"L Floridi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Floridi, L. (2014). The 4th revolution: How the infosphere is reshaping human reality. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"9557_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/99608f92.8cd550d1","author":"L Floridi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Floridi, L., & Cowls, J. A.  (2019). Unified framework of five principles for AI in society. Harvard Data Science Review. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/99608f92.8cd550d1.","journal-title":"Harvard Data Science Review"},{"key":"9557_CR5","unstructured":"PwC. (2019). A practical guide to Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI ). https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/gx\/en\/issues\/data-and-analytics\/artificial-intelligence\/what-is-responsible-ai\/responsible-ai-practical-guide.pdf."},{"key":"9557_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raji, I. D., et al. (2020). Closing the AI accountability gap: Defining an end-to-end framework for internal algorithmic auditing. FAT* 2020 - Proc. 2020 Conf. Fairness, Accountability, Transpar. 33\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3351095.3372873.","DOI":"10.1145\/3351095.3372873"}],"container-title":["Minds and Machines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11023-021-09557-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11023-021-09557-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11023-021-09557-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T16:13:20Z","timestamp":1625069600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11023-021-09557-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-021-09557-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-6495","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8641","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}