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In a recent systematic review, Chou et al. (Inform Fus 81:59\u201383, 2022) argue that the counterfactual approach does not clearly provide <jats:italic>causal understanding<\/jats:italic>. They diagnose the problem in terms of the underlying framework within which the counterfactual approach has been developed. To date, the counterfactual approach has not been developed in concert with the approach for specifying causes developed by Pearl (Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference. Cambridge University Press, 2000) and Woodward (Making things happen: A theory of causal explanation. Oxford University Press, 2003). In this paper, I build on Chou et al.\u2019s work by applying the Pearl-Woodward approach. I argue that the standard counterfactual approach to XAI is capable of delivering causal understanding, but that there are limitations on its capacity to do so. I suggest a way to overcome these limitations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-023-09637-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T18:03:09Z","timestamp":1686333789000},"page":"347-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Explainable AI and Causal Understanding: Counterfactual Approaches Considered"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sam","family":"Baron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"9637_CR1","unstructured":"Amir-Hossein, K., Sch\u00f6lkopf, B., & Valera, I. (2021), Algorithmic recourse: From counterfactual explanations to interventions. 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