{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T13:45:43Z","timestamp":1773841543550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil","award":["305050\/2018\u20134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305050\/2018\u20134"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202.643\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202.643\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Minds &amp; Machines"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-024-09660-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T16:04:10Z","timestamp":1714061050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epistemology Goes AI: A Study of GPT-3\u2019s Capacity to Generate Consistent and Coherent Ordered Sets of Propositions on a Single-Input-Multiple-Outputs Basis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8934-6195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"de Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9134-9843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8215-6150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luiz","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"9660_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Assael, Y. (2022). \u2018Restoring and attributing ancient texts using deep neural networks\u2019, Nature, 603(7900), pp. 280\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04448-z","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04448-z"},{"key":"9660_CR3","unstructured":"Austin, J. (2009). How to Do Things with Words. Edited by J.O. Urmson. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ. Press."},{"key":"9660_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bellert, I. (1970). \u2018On a condition of the coherence of texts\u2019, Semiotica, 2(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/semi.1970.2.4.335","DOI":"10.1515\/semi.1970.2.4.335"},{"key":"9660_CR5","unstructured":"Bender, J. (Ed.). (2012). The Current State of the Coherence Theory: Critical Essays on the Epistemic Theories of Keith Lehrer and Laurence BonJour, with Replies Dordrecht: Kluwer. https:\/\/search.ebscohost.com\/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=2849508 (Accessed: 12 June 2022)."},{"key":"9660_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beta Writer, & Schoenenberger, H. (2019). Lithium-ion batteries: A machine-generated Summary of Current Research. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16800-1"},{"key":"9660_CR7","unstructured":"BonJour, L. (1985). The structure of empirical knowledge. Harvard University Press."},{"key":"9660_CR8","unstructured":"ChrisHMSFT and mrbullwinkle (2022). How to generate text with Azure OpenAI - Azure OpenAI. https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/azure\/cognitive-services\/openai\/how-to\/completions (Accessed: 26 August 2022)."},{"key":"9660_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Coady, D. (2016). \u2018Applied Epistemology\u2019, in K. Lippert-Rasmussen, K. Brownlee, and D. Coady (Eds.) A Companion to Applied Philosophy. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 49\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118869109.ch4","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118869109.ch4"},{"key":"9660_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Coady, D., & Fricker, M. (2017). \u2018Introduction to special issue on applied epistemology\u2019, Journal of Applied Philosophy, 34(2), pp. 153\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/japp.12207","DOI":"10.1111\/japp.12207"},{"key":"9660_CR11","unstructured":"Copi, I. M. (1986). Introduction to Logic (7th ed.). London: Macmillan."},{"key":"9660_CR1","first-page":"319","volume":"23","author":"M de Araujo","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Araujo, M. (2006). Descartes on mathematical truths: Coherence and correspondence in the refutation of scepticism. History of Philosophy Quarterly, 23, 319\u2013337.","journal-title":"History of Philosophy Quarterly"},{"key":"9660_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dehouche, N. (2021). \u2018Plagiarism in the age of massive Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT-3)\u2019, Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, 21, pp. 17\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354\/esep00195","DOI":"10.3354\/esep00195"},{"key":"9660_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elgin, C. Z. (2020). Epistemic virtues in understanding. In H. Battaly (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Virtue Epistemology (pp. 330\u2013399). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315712550-28"},{"key":"9660_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elkins, K., & Chun, J. (2020). \u2018Can GPT-3 pass a writer\u2019s Turing Test?\u2019, Journal of Cultural Analytics [Preprint]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22148\/001c.17212","DOI":"10.22148\/001c.17212"},{"key":"9660_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Floridi, L., & Chiriatti, M. (2020). \u2018GPT-3: Its Nature, Scope, Limits, and Consequences\u2019, Minds and Machines, 30(4), pp. 681\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-020-09548-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-020-09548-1"},{"key":"9660_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"George, A., & Walsh, T. (2022). \u2018Artificial intelligence is breaking patent law\u2019, Nature, 605(7911), pp. 616\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-022-01391-x","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-01391-x"},{"key":"9660_CR18","unstructured":"Grice, H. P. (1991). Logic and conversation. Studies in the way of words (pp. 22\u201340). Harvard University Press."},{"key":"9660_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guarino, S. (2020). \u2018Beyond fact-checking: network analysis tools for monitoring disinformation in social media\u2019, in Complex Networks and Their Applications VIII. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Studies in Computational Intelligence), pp. 436\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-36687-2_36","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36687-2_36"},{"key":"9660_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunn, H. K., & Lynch, M. P. (2019). Googling. In D. Coady, & J. Chase (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Applied Epistemology (pp. 41\u201353). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group (Routledge handbooks in philosophy.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315679099-4"},{"key":"9660_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jumper, J. (2021). \u2018Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold\u2019, Nature, 596(7873), pp. 583\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03819-2"},{"key":"9660_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kahneman, D., Sibony, O., & Sunstein, C. R. (2021). Noise: A flaw in Human Judgment. William Collins.","DOI":"10.53776\/playbooks-judgment"},{"key":"9660_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lackey, J. (Ed.). (2021). Applied Epistemology. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198833659.001.0001"},{"key":"9660_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leibig, C. (2022). \u2018Combining the strengths of radiologists and AI for breast cancer screening: a retrospective analysis\u2019, The Lancet Digital Health, 4(7), pp. e507\u2013e519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00070-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00070-X"},{"key":"9660_CR25","unstructured":"Lemmon, E. J. (1994). Beginning logic. Chapman & Hall."},{"key":"9660_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Litjens, G. (2017). \u2018A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis\u2019, Medical Image Analysis, 42, pp. 60\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2017.07.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.07.005"},{"key":"9660_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu, Y. (2019). \u2018RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach\u2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.1907.11692","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.1907.11692"},{"key":"9660_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maynez, J. (2020). \u2018On faithfulness and factuality in abstractive summarization\u2019, arXiv, p. 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.2005.00661","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2005.00661"},{"key":"9660_CR30","unstructured":"O\u2019Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy. First edition. New York: Crown."},{"key":"9660_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olsson, E. J. (2011). Coherentism. In S. Bernecker, & D. Pritchard (Eds.), The Routledge Companion to Epistemology (pp. 257\u2013267). Routledge (Routledge philosophy companions.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203839065.ch24"},{"key":"9660_CR31","unstructured":"Plisson, J., Lavrac, N., & Mladenic, D. (2004). \u2018A rule based approach to word lemmatization\u2019, in Proceedings of IS04."},{"key":"9660_CR32","unstructured":"Quine, W. V. (1987). Quiddities: An intermittently philosophical Dictionary. Belknap Press of Harvard Univ."},{"key":"9660_CR33","unstructured":"Reinach, A. (1983). The apriori Foundations of the Civil Law. Along with the lecture \u2018Concerning Phenomenology\u2019. Translated by J. Crosby. Texas: Aletheia."},{"key":"9660_CR34","unstructured":"Rescher, N. (1973). The coherence theory of Truth. University Press of America."},{"key":"9660_CR35","unstructured":"Sanh, V. (2020). \u2018DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter\u2019. arXiv. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1910.01108 (Accessed: 11 June 2022)."},{"key":"9660_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Toolan, M. (2009). \u2018Coherence\u2019, in P. H\u00fchn et al. (Eds.) Handbook of Narratology. Walter de Gruyter, pp. 44\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9783110217445","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110217445"},{"key":"9660_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Dijk, T. A. (1973). \u2018Text grammar and text logic\u2019, in J.S. Pet\u00f6fi and H. Rieser (Eds.) Studies in Text Grammar. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-010-2636-9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-2636-9"},{"key":"9660_CR37","unstructured":"Yule, G. (1985). The study of Language: An introduction. Cambridge."},{"key":"9660_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zagzebski, L. T. (1996). Virtues of the mind: An Inquiry into the nature of Virtue and the ethical foundations of knowledge. Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139174763"},{"key":"9660_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziem, A., & Schwerin, C. (2014). Frames of understanding in text and discourse: Theoretical foundations and descriptive applications. John Benjamins Publishing Company. (volume 48).","DOI":"10.1075\/hcp.48"}],"container-title":["Minds and Machines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11023-024-09660-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11023-024-09660-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11023-024-09660-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T01:03:12Z","timestamp":1715994192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11023-024-09660-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11023-024-09660-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1572-8641"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1572-8641","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 September 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}],"article-number":"2"}}