{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:04:01Z","timestamp":1777521841815,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mobile Netw Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-014-0551-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T08:18:53Z","timestamp":1418113133000},"page":"720-730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Based Opportunistic Routing and Channel Assignment for Mobile Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Network"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sunita S.","family":"Barve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parag","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"551_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.05.001","volume":"50","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akyildiz IF et al (2006) Next generation\/dynamic spectrum access\/cognitive radio wireless networks: a survey. Elsevier Int J Comput Netw 50:2127\u20132159","journal-title":"Elsevier Int J Comput Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"551_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6495776","volume":"51","author":"S Sengupta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sengupta S, Subbalakshmi KP (2013) Open research issues in multi-hop cognitive radio networks. IEEE Commun Mag 51(4):168\u2013176","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"issue":"2","key":"551_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2012.120216","volume":"30","author":"M Pan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pan M et al (2012) Spectrum harvesting and sharing in multi-hop CRNs under uncertain spectrum supply. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 30(2):369\u2013378","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2008.080113","volume":"26","author":"Y Thomas Hou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thomas Hou Y et al (2008) Spectrum sharing for multi-hop networking with cognitive radios. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 26(1):146\u2013155","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"551_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huisheng M et al. (2008) Spectrum aware routing for multi-hop cognitive radio networks with a single transceiver. 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications CrownCom 2008. 1-6, doi: 10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2008.4562509","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2008.4562509"},{"key":"551_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badoi CI et al. (2010) IPSAG: an IP spectrum aware geographic routing algorithm proposal for multi-hop cognitive radio networks. 8th International Conference on Communications (COMM), 491\u2013496. doi: 10.1109\/ICCOMM.2010.5509020","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCOMM.2010.5509020"},{"key":"551_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeeshan M et al. (2010) Backup channel and cooperative channel switching on-demand routing protocol for multi-hop cognitive radio ad hoc networks (BCCCS). 6th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET 2010), 394\u2013399","DOI":"10.1109\/ICET.2010.5638455"},{"issue":"3","key":"551_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2010.06.009","volume":"9","author":"M Cesana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cesana M et al (2011) Routing in cognitive radio networks: challenges and solutions. Elsevier Int J Ad Hoc Netw 9(3):228\u2013248","journal-title":"Elsevier Int J Ad Hoc Netw"},{"issue":"2","key":"551_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1109\/JCN.2014.000026","volume":"16","author":"J-J Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee J-J, Lim J (2014) Cognitive routing for multi-hop mobile cognitive radio ad hoc networks. J Commun Netw 16(2):155\u2013161","journal-title":"J Commun Netw"},{"issue":"2","key":"551_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/98.760423","volume":"6","author":"EM Royer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Royer EM, Toh CK (1999) A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks. IEEE pers Commun 6(2):46\u201355","journal-title":"IEEE pers Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.09.008","volume":"55","author":"KC How","year":"2011","unstructured":"How KC et al (2011) Routing and QoS provisioning in cognitive radio networks. Elsevier Int J Comput Netw 55(1):330\u2013342","journal-title":"Elsevier Int J Comput Netw"},{"issue":"9","key":"551_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peva.2010.11.005","volume":"68","author":"M Felice Di","year":"2010","unstructured":"Di Felice M et al (2010) End-to-end protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks: an evaluation study. Int J Perform Eval 68(9):859\u2013875","journal-title":"Int J Perform Eval"},{"issue":"6","key":"551_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2153885","volume":"60","author":"X-L Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang X-L et al (2011) Stability-capacity-adaptive routing for high-mobility multihop cognitive radio networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 60(6):2714\u20132729","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"551_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2011.04.004","volume":"10","author":"AS Cacciapuoti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cacciapuoti AS et al (2012) Reactive routing for mobile cognitive radio ad hoc networks. Elsevier J Ad Hoc Netw 10:803\u2013815","journal-title":"Elsevier J Ad Hoc Netw"},{"issue":"10","key":"551_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2012.121111","volume":"30","author":"Y Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu Y et al (2012) Spectrum-aware opportunistic routing in multi-hop cognitive radio networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 30(10):1958\u20131968","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"551_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2010.2045403","volume":"59","author":"L Ding","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ding L et al (2010) Cross-layer routing and dynamic spectrum allocation in cognitive radio ad hoc network. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 59(4):1969\u20131979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"551_CR17","unstructured":"Chunsheng X et al. (2005) A novel layered graph model for topology formation and routing in dynamic spectrum access networks. First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks DySPAN,308\u2013317 doi: 10.1109\/ DYSPAN. 2005.1542647"},{"issue":"9","key":"551_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4443","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2010.2069105","volume":"59","author":"Q Guan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guan Q et al (2010) Prediction-based topology control and routing in cognitive radio mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 59(9):4443\u20134452","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"551_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2011.110411","volume":"29","author":"KR Chowdhury","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chowdhury KR, Akyildiz IF (2011) CRP: a routing protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 29(4):794\u2013804","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"551_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2011.2159844","volume":"20","author":"AA Bhorkar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhorkar AA et al (2012) Adaptive opportunistic routing for wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw 20(1):243\u2013256","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw"},{"key":"551_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia B et al. (2009) Reinforcement learning based spectrum-aware routing in multi-hop cognitive radio networks. 4th IEEE International conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications CROWNCOM 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2009.5189189"},{"key":"551_CR22","volume-title":"Spectrum management of cognitive radio using multi-agent reinforcement learning","author":"C Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu C et al (2010) Spectrum management of cognitive radio using multi-agent reinforcement learning. 9th Int. Conf. on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2010), Toronto"},{"key":"551_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abedi O, Berangi R (2013) Mobility assisted spectrum aware routing protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE C (Computers & Electronics) 14(11): 873\u2013886 ISSN 1869\u20131951; ISSN 1869-196X (Online) www.zju.edu.cn\/jzus ; www.springerlink.com","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.C1200334"},{"issue":"2","key":"551_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-010-0205-3","volume":"64","author":"MZ Oo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oo MZ, Othman M (2012) Analytical studies of interaction between mobility models and single-multi paths routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks. Springer Wirel Personal Commun 64(2):379\u2013402","journal-title":"Springer Wirel Personal Commun"},{"key":"551_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ariyakhajorn J et al. (2006) A comparative study of random waypoint and gauss-markov mobility models in the performance evaluation of MANET. Int. Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies ISCIT pp. 894,899 Oct. 18\u201320","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCIT.2006.339866"},{"issue":"6","key":"551_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2010.217","volume":"60","author":"B-H Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu B-H et al (2011) Message-efficient locatiodiction for mobile objects in wireless sensor networks using a maximum likelihood technique. IEEE Trans Comput 60(6):865\u2013878","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput"},{"key":"551_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma M et al. (2007) Channel selection under interference temperature model in multi-hop cognitive mesh networks. 2nd IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks DySPAN doi: 10.1109\/DYSPAN.2007.25","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2007.25"},{"issue":"3","key":"551_CR28","first-page":"28","volume":"2","author":"LIU Wei-bing","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wei-bing LIU, Xian-jia WANG (2009) Dynamic decision model in evolutionary games based on reinforcement learning. Int J Syst Eng-Theory Pract 2(3):28\u201333","journal-title":"Int J Syst Eng-Theory Pract"},{"key":"551_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2007.01.003","volume":"20","author":"Y Duana","year":"2007","unstructured":"Duana Y et al (2007) Application of reinforcement learning in robot soccer. Eng Appl Artif Intell 20:936\u2013950","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"551_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2010.09.002","volume":"70","author":"Z Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang Z et al (2011) Reinforcement learning based resource allocation in business process management. Int J Data Knowl Eng 70:127\u2013145","journal-title":"Int J Data Knowl Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"551_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2006.886173","volume":"37","author":"W Usaha","year":"2007","unstructured":"Usaha W, Barria JA (2007) Reinforcement learning for resource allocation in LEO satellite networks. IEEE Trans Syst, Man Cybern-Part B: Cybern 37(3):515\u2013527","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst, Man Cybern-Part B: Cybern"},{"issue":"7","key":"551_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2006.1673076","volume":"5","author":"EI-S EI-Alfy","year":"2006","unstructured":"EI-Alfy EI-S et al (2006) A learning approach for prioritized handoff channel allocation in mobile multimedia network. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 5(7):1651\u20131660","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wirel Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"551_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1109\/72.809089","volume":"10","author":"J Nie","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nie J, Haykin S (1999) A dynamic channel assignment policy through Q-learning. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 10(6):1443\u20131455","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"551_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.301","volume":"4","author":"LP Kaebling","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kaebling LP et al (1996) Reinforcement learning: a survey. J Artif Intell Res 4:237\u2013285","journal-title":"J Artif Intell Res"},{"key":"551_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2009.10.020","volume":"10","author":"R Sharma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharma R, Gopal M (2010) Synergizing reinforcement learning and game theory-a new direction for control. Elsevier Int J Appl Soft Comput 10:675\u2013688","journal-title":"Elsevier Int J Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"551_CR36","volume-title":"Reinforcement learning: an introduction","author":"RS Sutton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sutton RS, Barto AG (1998) Reinforcement learning: an introduction. MIT Press, Cambridge"}],"container-title":["Mobile Networks and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11036-014-0551-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11036-014-0551-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11036-014-0551-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,18]],"date-time":"2019-08-18T08:16:23Z","timestamp":1566116183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11036-014-0551-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11036-014-0551-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-469X","1572-8153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-469X","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}}}