{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T23:16:02Z","timestamp":1770333362450,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mobile Netw Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-020-01663-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T10:02:51Z","timestamp":1605088971000},"page":"1024-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Indoor WLAN Personnel Intrusion Detection Using Transfer Learning-Aided Generative Adversarial Network with Light-Loaded Database"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaoping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaolin","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1663_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.08.009","volume":"102","author":"F Ullah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ullah F (2020) Intelligence and security in big 5G-oriented IoNT: an overview. Futur Gener Comput Syst 102(1):357\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2019.08.009","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"1663_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s10766-018-0580-z","volume":"48","author":"SA Alabady","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alabady SA, Fadi AT, Sadia D (2018) A novel security model for cooperative virtual networks in the IoT era. Int J Parallel Prog 48:280\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10766-018-0580-z","journal-title":"Int J Parallel Prog"},{"key":"1663_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-turjman, F (2019) Smart-cities medium access for smart mobility applications in IoT, Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies Article number: e3723. 10.1002\/ett.3723","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3723"},{"issue":"2","key":"1663_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2543581.2543592","volume":"46","author":"Z Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang Z, Zhou Z, Liu Y (2013) From RSSI to CSI: indoor localization via channel response. ACM Comput Surv 46(2):1\u201332","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"1663_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158481","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2945682","volume":"7","author":"M Poongodi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Poongodi M, Vijayakumar V, Al-Turjman F, Hamdi M, Ma M (2019) Intrusion prevention system for DDoS attack on VANET with reCAPTCHA controller using information based metrics. IEEE Access 7:158481\u2013158491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2945682","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1663_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182280","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2959023","volume":"7","author":"L Guan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guan L, Hu F, Al-Turjman F, Khan MB, Yang X (2019) A non-contact paraparesis detection technique based on 1D-CNN. IEEE Access 7:182280\u2013182288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2959023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1663_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124379","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2937347","volume":"7","author":"F Ullah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ullah F, Naeem H, Jabber S, Khalid S, Latif MA, Al-turjman F (2019) Cyber security threats detection in internet of things using deep learning approach. IEEE Access 7:124379\u2013124389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2937347","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1663_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al-urjman F, Zahmatkesh H, Shahroze R (2019) Article number: e3677) An overview of security and privacy in smart cities IoT communications. Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ett.3677","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3677"},{"key":"1663_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chowdhury SA, Uddin MN, Kowsar MMS, Deb K (2016) Occlusion handling and human detection based on histogram of oriented gradients for automatic video surveillance. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on innovations in science, Eng Technol:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICISET.2016.7856523","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISET.2016.7856523"},{"key":"1663_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sahoo KC, Pati UC (2017) IoT based intrusion detection system using PIR sensor, in: proceedings of IEEE international conference on recent trends in electronics. Inform Commun Technol:1641\u20131645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RTEICT.2017.8256877","DOI":"10.1109\/RTEICT.2017.8256877"},{"key":"1663_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2017.07.005","volume":"85","author":"Y Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Y, Song Y, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Li X, Li L, Tang S (2017) An infrared target detection algorithm based on lateral inhibition and singular value decom-position. Infrared Phys Technol 85:238\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infrared.2017.07.005","journal-title":"Infrared Phys Technol"},{"key":"1663_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Youssef M, Mah M, Agrawala A (2007) Challenges: Device-free passive localization for wireless environments, in: Proc ACM Int Confer Mobile Comput Netw 222\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/12878531287880","DOI":"10.1145\/12878531287880"},{"issue":"8","key":"1663_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2921312","volume":"33","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang J, Tian Z, Yang X, Zhou M (2019) CSI component reconstruction-based AoA estimation for subtle human-induced reflection under the TTW scenario. IEEE Commun Lett 33(8):1393\u20131396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2921312","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"key":"1663_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang J, Tian Z, Yang X, Zhou M (2019) TWPalo: through-the-wall passive localization of moving human with Wi-fi. IEEE Global Commun Conference:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013293","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013293"},{"issue":"10","key":"1663_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2009.191","volume":"22","author":"SJ Pan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pan SJ, Yang Q (2010) A survey on transfer learning. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 22(10):1345\u20131359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2009.191","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"1663_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2750240","volume":"14","author":"K Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu K, Zhang H, Ng JKY, Xia Y, Feng L, Lee VCS, Son SH (2018) Toward low-overhead fingerprint-based indoor localization via transfer learning: design, implementation, and evaluation. IEEE Trans Ind Informatics 14(3):898\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2017.2750240","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Informatics"},{"key":"1663_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53296","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2911850","volume":"7","author":"C Pan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pan C, Huang J, Gong J, Yuan X (2019) Few-shot transfer learning for text classification with lightweight word embedding based models. IEEE Access 7:53296\u201353304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2911850","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1663_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou R, Chen J, Lu X, Wu J (2017) CSI fingerprinting with SVM regression to achieve device-free passive localization, in: proceedings of the IEEE international symposium on a world of wireless. Mobile Multimed Netw:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WoWMoM.2017.7974313","DOI":"10.1109\/WoWMoM.2017.7974313"},{"key":"1663_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. E. Kosba, A. Saeed, M. Youssef (2012) RASID: A robust WLAN device-free passive motion detection system. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications 180\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PerCom.2012.6199865","DOI":"10.1109\/PerCom.2012.6199865"},{"issue":"3","key":"1663_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-wss.2013.0031","volume":"4","author":"G Deak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deak G, Curran K, Condell J, Deak D (2014) Detection of multi-occupancy using device-free passive localization. IET Wireless Sens Syst 4(3):130\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-wss.2013.0031","journal-title":"IET Wireless Sens Syst"},{"key":"1663_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tian Z, Zhou X, Zhou M, Li S, Shao S (2015) Indoor device-free passive localization for intrusion detection using multi-feature PNN, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Communications and Networking in China. 272\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CHINACOM.2015.7497950","DOI":"10.1109\/CHINACOM.2015.7497950"},{"key":"1663_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30117","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2785444","volume":"6","author":"J Lv","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lv J, Man D, Yang W, Du X, Yu M (2018) Robust WLAN-based indoor intrusion detection using PHY layer information. IEEE Access 6:30117\u201330127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2785444","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1663_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tan Q, Han C, Sun L, Guo J, Zhu H (2018) A CSI frequency domain fingerprint-based method for passive indoor human detection, in: proceedings of the IEEE international conference on trust. Secur Privacy Comput Commun:1832\u20131837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TrustCom\/BigDataSE.2018.00277","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom\/BigDataSE.2018.00277"},{"issue":"6","key":"1663_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2754578","volume":"4","author":"Y Gu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gu Y, Zhan J, Ji Y, Li J, Ren F, Gao S (2017) MoSense: an RF-based motion detection system via off-the-shelf WiFi devices. IEEE Internet Things J 4(6):2326\u20132341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2754578","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"1663_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moussa M, Youssef M (2009) Smart cevices for smart environments: Device-free passive detection in real environments. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PERCOM.2009.4912826","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOM.2009.4912826"},{"key":"1663_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Lv, W. Yang, L. Gong, D. Man, X. Du Robust WLAN-based Indoor Fine-grained Intrusion Detection. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICC https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GLOCOM.2016.7842238","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2016.7842238"},{"issue":"3","key":"1663_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2685564","volume":"17","author":"J Jun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jun J, He L, Gu Y, Jiang W, Kushwaha G, Vipin A, Cheng L, Liu C, Zhu T (2018) Low-overhead wifi fingerprinting. IEEE Trans Mobile Comput 17(3):590\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2685564","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mobile Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"1663_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2015.2509917","volume":"63","author":"Y Shu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shu Y, Huang Y, Zhang J, Cou P, Cheng P, Chen J, Shin KG (2015) Gradient-based fingerprinting for indoor localization and tracking. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 63(4):2424\u20132433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIE.2015.2509917","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Electron"},{"key":"1663_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eleryan A, Elsabagh M, Youssef M (2011) Synthetic generation of radio maps for device-free passive localization. In: Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecom- munications Conference. 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GLOCOM.2011.6134052","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2011.6134052"},{"key":"1663_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gunawan M, Li B, Gallagher T, Dempster AG., Retscher G (2012) A new method to generate and maintain a wifi fingerprinting database automatically by using rfid. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation. 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IPIN.2012.6418881","DOI":"10.1109\/IPIN.2012.6418881"},{"key":"1663_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lemic F, Handziski V, Caso G, Nardis LD., Wolisz A (2016) Enriched training database for improving the wifi rssi-based indoor fingerprinting performance. In: Proceedings of IEEE Annual Consumer Communications Networking Conference. 875\u2013881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CCNC.2016.7444904","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC.2016.7444904"},{"issue":"08","key":"1663_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2016.08.021","volume":"94","author":"C He","year":"2016","unstructured":"He C, Guo S, Wu Y, Yang Y (2016) A novel radio map construction method to reduce collection effort for indoor localization. Measurement 94(08):423\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.measurement.2016.08.021","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"1663_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cho Y, Kim J, Ji M, Lee Y, Park S (2013) Gpr based wi-fi radio map construction from real\/virtual indoor dynamic surveying data, in: proceedings of international conference on control, Automation Syst 712\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCAS.2013.6703963","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAS.2013.6703963"},{"issue":"6","key":"1663_CR34","first-page":"2672","volume":"3","author":"IJ Goodfellow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goodfellow IJ, Pouget-Abadie J, Mirza M, Xu B, Warde-Farley D, Ozair S, Courville A, Bengio Y (2014) Generative adversarial networks. Adv Neural Inf Proces Syst 3(6):2672\u20132680","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Proces Syst"},{"key":"1663_CR35","unstructured":"Li Q, Qu H, Liu Z 2018 AF-DCGAN: Amplitude Feature Deep Convolutional GAN for Fingerprint Construction in Indoor Localization System, arXiv.org"},{"issue":"3","key":"1663_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-014-5456-x","volume":"99","author":"Q Qian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qian Q, Jin R, Yi J, Zhang L, Zhu S (2015) Efficient distance metric learning by adaptive sampling and mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Mach Learn 99(3):353\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10994-014-5456-x","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"1663_CR37","unstructured":"Gretton A, Sriperumbudur B, Sejdinovic D, Strathmann H, Balakrishnan S, Pontil M, Fukumizu K (2012) Optimal kernel choice for large-scale two-sample tests. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. 1025\u20131213"},{"issue":"2","key":"1663_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2010.2091281","volume":"22","author":"SJ Pan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pan SJ, Tsang IW, Kwok JT, Yang Q (2011) Domain adaptation via transfer component analysis. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 22(2):199\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNN.2010.2091281","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"issue":"5","key":"1663_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017467","volume":"10","author":"B Scholkopf","year":"1998","unstructured":"Scholkopf B, Smola A, Muller K-R (1998) Nonlinear component analysis as a kernel eigenvalue problem. Neural Comput 10(5):1299\u20131319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/089976698300017467","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"1663_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964","volume":"13","author":"T Cover","year":"1967","unstructured":"Cover T, Hart P (1967) Nearest neighbor pattern classification. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 13(1):21\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"1663_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman L (2001) Random forests Mach Learn 45(1):5\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1010933404324","journal-title":"Random forests Mach Learn"},{"issue":"3","key":"1663_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022627411411","volume":"20","author":"C Cortes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cortes C, Vapnik V (1995) Support-vector networks. Mach Learn 20(3):273\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1022627411411","journal-title":"Mach Learn"}],"container-title":["Mobile Networks and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11036-020-01663-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11036-020-01663-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11036-020-01663-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,25]],"date-time":"2021-07-25T15:08:12Z","timestamp":1627225692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11036-020-01663-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11036-020-01663-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-469X","1572-8153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-469X","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 September 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2020","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}