{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T10:16:09Z","timestamp":1768817769198,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020JJ4434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ4434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Projects of Department of Education of Hunan Province","award":["19A312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19A312"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Science & Technology Project","award":["2018TP1018, 2018RS3065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018TP1018, 2018RS3065"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61502254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61502254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Project Program of the State Key Lab of CAD&CG","award":["A1926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A1926"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mobile Netw Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-020-01725-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]],"date-time":"2021-01-03T05:02:22Z","timestamp":1609650142000},"page":"1891-1903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["A Survey of CRF Algorithm Based Knowledge Extraction of Elementary Mathematics in Chinese"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9909-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tenghui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1725_CR1","unstructured":"Peng P (2019) Natural language processing \u2014 Chinese vectorization short text book quantitative study [D]. Central China Normal University, Hubei, p 14\u201318"},{"key":"1725_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asperti A, Padovani L, Coen CS, Guidi F, Schena I (2003) Mathematical knowledge management in HELM. Ann Math Artif Intel 38(1\u20133):27\u201346","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022907629104"},{"key":"1725_CR3","first-page":"53","volume":"05","author":"D Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang D, Yang D, Hang G, Daocheng H, Gao M, Wang Y (2019) Research on knowledge point relation extraction for elementary mathematics [J]. J East China Normal Univ 05:53\u201365","journal-title":"J East China Normal Univ"},{"issue":"03","key":"1725_CR4","first-page":"316","volume":"52","author":"H Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu H, Yang L, Wenxue D, Jiamei F (2018) Chinese micro blog named entity recognition based on subject tag and CRF. J Cen China Normal Univ 52(03):316\u2013321","journal-title":"J Cen China Normal Univ"},{"key":"1725_CR5","unstructured":"Anh LT, Arkhipov MY, Burtsev MS (2017) Application of a Hybrid Bi-LSTM-CRF model to the task of Russian Named Entity Recognition[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.09686"},{"key":"1725_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao M, Zou Y, Yang D et al (2019) GISCA: Gradient-inductive segmentation network with contextual attention for scene text detection[J]. IEEE Access 7:62805\u201362816","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2915513"},{"key":"1725_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang H, Wei H, Guo J et al (2019) Ancient chinese sentence segmentation based on bidirectional LSTM+ CRF model[J]. J Adv Comput Intell Intell Inform 23(4):719\u2013725","DOI":"10.20965\/jaciii.2019.p0719"},{"issue":"2","key":"1725_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-010-0344-8","volume":"95","author":"G Csurka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Csurka G, Perronnin F (2011) An efficient approach to semantic segmentation[J]. Int J Comput Vis 95(2):198\u2013212","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"issue":"05","key":"1725_CR9","first-page":"758","volume":"50","author":"SM Jowi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jowi SM (2010) M ~ 3 N based integration of Chinese word segmentation and named entity recognition. J Tsinghua Univ (Natural Science Edition) 50(05):758\u2013762 + 767","journal-title":"J Tsinghua Univ (Natural Science Edition)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1725_CR10","first-page":"2493","volume":"12","author":"R Collobert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Collobert R, Weston J, Bottou L et al (2011) Naturallanguage processing(almost)from scratch[J]. J Mach Learn Res 12(1):2493\u20132537","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"1725_CR11","unstructured":"Cui T (2016) Research and implementation of speech recognition system based on HMM[D]. Jilin University, Jilin, p 8\u201316"},{"issue":"7","key":"1725_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.172","volume":"31","author":"HD Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang HD, Sclaroff S, Lee SW (2009) Sign language spotting with a threshold model based on conditional random fields[J]. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 31(7):1264\u20131277","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"03","key":"1725_CR13","first-page":"90","volume":"39","author":"C Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu C, Xinrui N (2018) Research on the application of information extraction technology in the construction of mobile learning resources. Res Audio-Vis Educ 39(03):90\u201395 + 102","journal-title":"Res Audio-Vis Educ"},{"key":"1725_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novick LR, Stull AT, Catley KM Reading Phylogenetic Trees: The Effects of Tree Orientation and Text Processing on Comprehension[J]. Bioence 62(8):757\u2013764","DOI":"10.1525\/bio.2012.62.8.8"},{"issue":"04","key":"1725_CR15","first-page":"19","volume":"29","author":"X Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin X, Mengjie L (2019) Theoretical model and mechanism of learning analysis in intelligent learning environment [J]. Mod Educ Technol 29(04):19\u201325","journal-title":"Mod Educ Technol"},{"key":"1725_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahmirzadi O, Lugowski A, Younge K (2019) Text similarity in vector space models: a comparative study[C]\/\/2019 18th IEEE International Conference On Machine Learning And Applications (ICMLA). IEEE 659\u2013666","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2019.00120"},{"key":"1725_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belda NA, Plet C, Smeets RPP (2017) Analysis of faults in multi terminal HVDC grid for definition of test requirements of HVDC circuit breakers[J]. IEEE Trans Power Delivery:1\u20131","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2016.2567783"},{"issue":"08","key":"1725_CR18","first-page":"86","volume":"29","author":"C Liangying","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liangying C, Junmin Z, Wang G, Kun Z (2019) Application of augmented reality in the intervention of children with autism: a case study of lexical cognitive intervention. Mod Educ Technol 29(08):86\u201392","journal-title":"Mod Educ Technol"},{"key":"1725_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.05.060","volume":"89","author":"G Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun G, Li J, Dai J, Song Z, Lang F (2018) Feature selection for IoT based on maximal information coefficient[J]. Futur Gen Comput Syst Int J Esci 89:606\u2013616","journal-title":"Futur Gen Comput Syst Int J Esci"},{"key":"1725_CR20","first-page":"79","volume":"05","author":"CC Ying","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ying CC (2008) In the long run, learning from war. Chinese word segmentation method based on conditional random fields. Intell Mag 05:79\u201381","journal-title":"Intell Mag"},{"key":"1725_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Q, Zhou Y, Ruan T et al (2019) Incorporating dictionaries into deep neural networks for the Chinese clinical named entity recognition.[J]. J Biomed Inform 92:103133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103133"},{"issue":"05","key":"1725_CR22","first-page":"118","volume":"4","author":"Z Ping","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ping Z, Lianying S, Shuai T, BianJianling WY (2020) Research and application of improved knowledge transfer scene entity recognition algorithm [J]. Data Anal Knowl Discov 4(05):118\u2013125","journal-title":"Data Anal Knowl Discov"},{"key":"1725_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu Y, Wang Y, Liu T et al (2014) Joint segmentation and named entity recognition using dual decomposition in Chinese discharge summaries[J]. J Am Med Inform Assoc 21(e1):e84\u2013e92","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001806"},{"issue":"06","key":"1725_CR24","first-page":"66","volume":"3","author":"H Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han H, Wang H, Wang X (2019) The conditional random field model combined with active learning is applied to the automatic identification of legal terms. Data Analys knowl Discover 3(06):66\u201374","journal-title":"Data Analys knowl Discover"},{"key":"1725_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2019.05.022","volume":"129","author":"A Casillas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Casillas A, Ezeiza N, Goenaga I, P\u00e9rez A, Soto X (2019) Measuring the effect of different types of unsupervised word representations on medical named entity recognition[J]. Int J Med Inform 129:100\u2013106","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"4","key":"1725_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-018-0999-x","volume":"23","author":"G Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun G, Chen T, Su Y, Li C (2018) Internet traffic classification based on incremental support vector machines[J]. Mob Netw Appl 23(4):789\u2013796","journal-title":"Mob Netw Appl"},{"key":"1725_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou G, Chen Y, Feng Y et al (2019) Processing of translation-ambiguous words by chinese\u2013english bilinguals in sentence context[J]. J Psycholinguist Res 48(5):1133\u20131161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-019-09650-1"},{"issue":"04","key":"1725_CR28","first-page":"387","volume":"39","author":"T Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin T, Guo C, Jingfeng C, Leilei S (2020) Research on hierarchical relation extraction of domain ontology concepts based on Chinese academic literature [J]. J Inf Sci 39(04):387\u2013398","journal-title":"J Inf Sci"},{"key":"1725_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maggini M, Marra G, Melacci S et al (2019) Learning in text streams: Discovery and disambiguation of entity and relation instances[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2019.2955597"},{"key":"1725_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pesaranghader A, Matwin S, Sokolova M et al (2019) deepBioWSD: effective deep neural word sense disambiguation of biomedical text data[J]. J Am Med Inform Assoc 26(5):438\u2013446","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocy189"},{"key":"1725_CR31","unstructured":"Dawn DD, Shaikh SH, Pal RK (2019) A comprehensive review of Bengali word sense disambiguation[J]. Artif Intell Rev:1\u201331"}],"container-title":["Mobile Networks and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11036-020-01725-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11036-020-01725-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11036-020-01725-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T04:30:26Z","timestamp":1639197026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11036-020-01725-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11036-020-01725-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-469X","1572-8153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-469X","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}