{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T02:03:44Z","timestamp":1780106624885,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mobile Netw Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of the Industry 4.0 concept offers completely new technologies\u2019 enablers using high level of automation and digitalization. There is a huge challenge for enterprises not only due to the application of modern technologies (such as Internet of Things, Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, etc.) related to the creation of Cyber-Physical Systems but also for a human resources development. Scientists and practitioners pay a lot of attention to technological changes in enterprises, but relatively little research is conducted on the issue of human resources development. The problem becomes more interesting in light of the Industry 4.0 era which resulted in changes in the employment structure, requirements for future industrial employees and managerial staff and also to the approach to the education process. The changing demand for skills is a quite well-researched topic in economics and management, but the changing skill demand for the Industry 4.0 is just the newest case of a quite old debate. The case of Industry 4.0 seems to be a particular case for the general change in skill demand due to digitalization. The main aim of the paper is to indicate the key areas of required knowledge and skills of employees essential to implement the Industry 4.0 concept. They are identified on the basis of a critical literature analysis and the conducted survey of selected industrial enterprises. The results of this research are particularly important for adapting the employee training system and the education process for students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-021-01788-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T11:08:16Z","timestamp":1623323296000},"page":"220-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Knowledge and Skills of Industrial Employees and Managerial Staff for the Industry 4.0 Implementation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9014-036X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Saniuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6834-6126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmar","family":"Caganova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2560-9237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Saniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1788_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehta BS, Awasthi IC (2019) Women and labour market dynamics. New Insights and Evidences, Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9057-9"},{"key":"1788_CR2","first-page":"171","volume":"23","author":"L Bueth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bueth L, Blume S, Posselt G, Herrmann C (2018) Training concept for and with digitalization in learning factories: an energy efficiency training case. Proc Manuf 23:171\u2013176","journal-title":"Proc Manuf"},{"issue":"7","key":"1788_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"072032","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1333\/7\/072032","volume":"1333","author":"DA Zakoldaev","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zakoldaev DA, Shukalov AV, Zharinov IO, Grunicheva JV (2019) Education management to prepare the specialists for the industrial companies industry 4.0. J Phys Conf Ser 1333(7):072032","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"},{"issue":"4","key":"1788_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.24093\/awej\/vol10no4.24","volume":"10","author":"AHM Adnan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adnan AHM, Abd KR, Tahir MHM et al (2019) Education 4.0 technologies, industry 4.0 skills and the teaching of English in Malaysian tertiary education. Arab World Eng J 10(4):330\u2013343","journal-title":"Arab World Eng J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1788_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2020.1751546","volume":"32","author":"A Cropley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cropley A (2020) Creativity-focused technology education in the age of industry 4.0. Creat Res J 32(2):184\u2013191","journal-title":"Creat Res J"},{"key":"1788_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larsen M, Stoettrup S, Lassen A, Heidemann NK (2019) Process innovation in learning factories: towards a reference model. Advances in Production Management Systems: Production Management for the Factory of the Future, PT I Book Series: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 658\u2013665","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30000-5_80"},{"issue":"6","key":"1788_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.3846\/tede.2018.6397","volume":"24","author":"H Mohelska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohelska H, Sokolova M (2018) Management approaches for industry 4.0 - the organizational culture perspective. Technol Econ Dev Econ 24(6):2225\u20132240","journal-title":"Technol Econ Dev Econ"},{"issue":"1990","key":"1788_CR8","first-page":"21","volume":"112","author":"J Bendkowski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bendkowski J (2017) Zmiany w pracy produkcyjnej w perspektywie koncepcji Przemys\u0142 4.0. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki \u015al\u0105skiej, Seria: Organizacja i Zarz\u0105dzanie 112(1990):21\u201333","journal-title":"Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki \u015al\u0105skiej, Seria: Organizacja i Zarz\u0105dzanie"},{"key":"1788_CR9","unstructured":"Kagermann H, Lukas W, Wahlster W (2011) Industrie 4.0 - Mit dem Internet der Dinge auf dem Wegzur 4. industriellen Revolution. VDI Nachrichten, 13"},{"key":"1788_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/19761597.2020.1786707","volume":"29","author":"C Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim C, Lee JH, Sonthikorn P, Vongbunyong S (2020) Frugal innovation and leap fogging innovation approach to the industry 4.0 challenge for a developing country. Asian J Technology innovation 29:87\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19761597.2020.1786707","journal-title":"Asian J Technology innovation"},{"key":"1788_CR11","unstructured":"P\u0119czak A, Krakowiak L. W drodze ku gospodarce 4.0. Gospodarka cyfrowa \u015bwiata. Raport Magazynu Mened\u017cer\u00f3w i Informatyk\u00f3w Computerworld i IBM Polska. IDG. Available online: https:\/\/www.computerworld.pl\/news\/W-drodze-ku-Gospodarce-4-0-Wyniki-badania-Computerworlda, 412715.html (20.04.2019)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1788_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-017-0874-1","volume":"22","author":"J Wan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wan J, Xia M (2017) Cloud-assisted cyber-physical Systems for the Implementation of industry 4.0. Mobile Netw Appl 22(6):1157\u20131158","journal-title":"Mobile Netw Appl"},{"key":"1788_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.14313\/PAR_221\/13","volume":"3","author":"M Olszewki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olszewki M (2016) Mechatronizacja produktu i produkcji - przemys\u0142 4.0. Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 3:13\u201328","journal-title":"Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka"},{"issue":"10","key":"1788_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000006524","volume":"39","author":"D Walters","year":"2001","unstructured":"Walters D, Buchanan J (2001) The new economy, new opportunities and new structures. Manag Decis 39(10):822\u2013823","journal-title":"Manag Decis"},{"key":"1788_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2020.103261","volume":"121","author":"T Masood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Masood T, Sonntag P (2020) Industry 4.0: adoption challenges and benefits for SMEs. Comput Ind 121:103261","journal-title":"Comput Ind"},{"issue":"16","key":"1788_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/en13164254","volume":"13","author":"B Gajdzik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gajdzik B, Grabowska S, Saniuk S, Wieczorek T (2020) Sustainable development and industry 4.0: a bibliometric analysis identifying key scientific problems of the sustainable industry 4.0. Energies 13(16):1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en13164254","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"1788_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erol S, J\u00e4ger A, Hold,, P, Ott K, Sihn W (2016) Tangible industry 4.0: a scenario-based approach to learning for the future of production. Procedia CIRP 54:13\u201318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.03.162"},{"key":"1788_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beier G, Ullrich A, Niehoff S, Rei\u00dfig M, Habich M (2020) Industry 4.0: how it is defined from a sociotechnical perspective and how much sustainability it includes - a literature review. Journal of cleaner production 259:120856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120856"},{"key":"1788_CR19","first-page":"243","volume":"51","author":"ED Spisakova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spisakova ED, Mura L, Gontkovicova B, Hajduova Z (2017) R&D in the context of Europe 2020 in selected countries. Econ Comput Econ Cybern Stud Res 51:243\u2013261","journal-title":"Econ Comput Econ Cybern Stud Res"},{"key":"1788_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kucharc\u00edkov\u00e1 A, Miciak M (2017) Human capital management in transport enterprise. Proceedings of the MATEC web of conferences: LOGI 2017\u201418th international scientific conference, Cesk\u00e9 Budejovice, Czech Republic, 19 October 2017","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/201713400030"},{"key":"1788_CR21","first-page":"461","volume":"63","author":"N Jankelov\u00e1","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jankelov\u00e1 N, Joniakov\u00e1 Z, Bl\u0161t\u00e1kov\u00e1 J, N\u00e9methov\u00e1 I (2017) Readiness of human resource departments of agricultural enterprises for implementation of the new roles of human resource professionals. Agric Econ 63:461\u2013470","journal-title":"Agric Econ"},{"key":"1788_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3687","DOI":"10.3390\/su10103687","volume":"10","author":"S Lorincov\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lorincov\u00e1 S, Hitka M, \u0160tarchon P, Stachov\u00e1 K (2018) Strategic instrument for sustainability of human resource management in small and medium-sized enterprises using management data. Sustainability 10:3687","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"12","key":"1788_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5202","DOI":"10.3390\/su12125202","volume":"12","author":"J Blstakova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blstakova J, Joniakova Z, Jankelova N et al (2020) Reflection of digitalization on business values: the results of examining values of people Management in a Digital age. Sustainability 12(12):5202","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1788_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.17818\/NM\/2016\/SI17","volume":"63","author":"L Lizbetinova","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lizbetinova L, Lorincova S, Caha Z (2016) The application of the organizational culture assessment instrument (OCAI) to logistics enterprises. Nase More 63:170\u2013176","journal-title":"Nase More"},{"issue":"3","key":"1788_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-018-1148-2","volume":"24","author":"S Pape","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pape S, Rannenberg K (2019) Applying privacy patterns to the internet of Things' (IoT) architecture. Mobile Netw Appl 24(3):925\u2013933","journal-title":"Mobile Netw Appl"},{"key":"1788_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagy J, Olah J, Erdei E, et al (2018) The role and impact of industry 4.0 and the internet of things on the business strategy of the value chain - the case of Hungary. Sustainability 10(10):3491","DOI":"10.3390\/su10103491"},{"key":"1788_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.11.030","volume":"127","author":"E Manavalan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manavalan E, Jayakrishna K (2019) A review of internet of things (IoT) embedded sustainable supply chain for industry 4.0 requirements. Comput Ind Eng 127:925\u2013953","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"1788_CR28","first-page":"5309","volume":"7748365","author":"S Shamim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shamim S, Cang S, Yu H, Li Y (2016) Management approaches for industry 4.0: a human resource management perspective. IEEE Congress Evol Comput CEC 7748365:5309\u20135316","journal-title":"IEEE Congress Evol Comput CEC"},{"key":"1788_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.05.061","volume":"54","author":"G Posselt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Posselt G, Boehme S, Aymans S (2016) Intelligent learning management by means of multi-sensory feedback. 6th CIRP Conferenceon learning factories, Norway, JUN 29-30, 2016. Procedia CIRP 54:77\u201382","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"1788_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kauffeld S (2014) Arbeits-, Organisations-, Personalpsychologie fur bachelor, 2 Auflage, Berlin, Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-42065-8"},{"key":"1788_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graczyk-Kucharska M, Szafra\u0144ski M, Goli\u0144ski M, et al (2018) Model of competency Management in the Network of production Enterprises in Industry 4.0-assumptions. Advances in manufacturing, lecture notes in Mechanical Engineering 195\u2013204","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-68619-6_19"},{"issue":"4","key":"1788_CR32","first-page":"7","volume":"26","author":"B Sivathanu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sivathanu B, Pillai R (2018) Smart HR 4.0 - how industry 4.0 is disrupting HR. Hum Resour Manag Int Dig 26(4):7\u201311","journal-title":"Hum Resour Manag Int Dig"},{"key":"1788_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahrens D, Spottl G (2015) Industrie 4.0 und herausforderungen fur diequalifizierung von fachkraften.DigitalisierungIndustrieller Arbeit, eds Hirsch-Kreinsen H, Itterman P, Niechaus J, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft GmbH & Co. KG, 184-205","DOI":"10.5771\/9783845263205-184"},{"key":"1788_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.05.102","volume":"54","author":"F Hecklau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hecklau F, Galeitzke M, Flachs S, Kohl H (2016) Holistic approach for human resource Management in Industry 4.0. Procedia CIRP 54:1\u20136","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"1788_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stock T, Seliger G (2016) Opportunities of Sustainable Manufacturing in Industry 4.0, 13th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing - Decoupling Growth from Resource Use, September 16-18, 2015, Vietnam, Procedia CIRP 40:536\u2013541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.01.129"},{"key":"1788_CR36","unstructured":"Dujin A, Geissler C, Horstkotter D (2014) Industry 4.0 - the new industrial revolution - how Europe will succeed, Roland Berger"},{"issue":"2","key":"1788_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2016.06.006","volume":"65","author":"R Roy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roy R, Stark R, Tracht K, Takata S, Mori M (2016) Continuous maintenance and the future - foundations and technological challenges. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 65(2):667\u2013688","journal-title":"CIRP Ann Manuf Technol"},{"key":"1788_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Posselt G (2015) Towards energy transparent factories. Springer International Publishing","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20869-5"},{"key":"1788_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02365","volume":"9","author":"C Ghislieri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghislieri C, Molino M, Cortese CG (2018) Work and organizational psychology looks at the fourth industrial revolution: how to support workers and organizations? Front Psychol 9:2365","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1788_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci8040214","volume":"8","author":"I Gonzalez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonzalez I, Calderon AJ (2018) Development of final projects in engineering degrees around an industry 4.0-oriented flexible manufacturing system: preliminary outcomes and some initial considerations. Education Sciences 8(4):214","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"1788_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-01-2017-0015","volume":"31","author":"Y Kazancoglu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kazancoglu Y, Ozkan-Ozen YD (2018) Analyzing workforce 4.0 in the fourth industrial revolution and proposing a road map from operations management perspective with fuzzy DEMATEL. J Enterp Inf Manag 31(6):891\u2013907","journal-title":"J Enterp Inf Manag"},{"key":"1788_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.366","volume":"11","author":"A Benesova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benesova A, Tupa J (2017) Requirements for education and qualification of people in industry 4.0. Procedia Manuf 11:2195\u20132202","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf"},{"key":"1788_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sangil P, Jun-Ho H (2018) Effect of cooperation on manufacturing IT project development and test bed for successful industry 4.0 project: safety Management for Security. Processes 6(7):88","DOI":"10.3390\/pr6070088"},{"issue":"4","key":"1788_CR44","first-page":"101","volume":"27","author":"SM Sackey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sackey SM, Bester A (2016) Industrial engineering curriculum in industry 4.0 in a south African context. South African J Ind Eng 27(4):101\u2013114","journal-title":"South African J Ind Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"1788_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.2507\/IJSIMM16(3)5.384","volume":"16","author":"M Straka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Straka M, Malindzakova M, Trebuna P, Rosova A, Pekarcikova M, Fill M (2017) Application of extendsim for improvement of production logistics' efficiency. Intl J Simul Modell 16(3):422\u2013434","journal-title":"Intl J Simul Modell"},{"key":"1788_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grzybowska K, Awasthi A (2020) Literature review on sustainable logistics and sustainable production for industry 4.0, Grzybowska K., Awasthi a., Sawhney R. (eds) sustainable logistics and production in industry 4.0. EcoProduction (environmental issues in logistics and manufacturing). Springer, Cham, 1-18, Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-33369-0_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33369-0_1"},{"issue":"1","key":"1788_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2478\/manment-2019-0039","volume":"24","author":"S Grabowska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grabowska S (2020) Changes in the social architecture of business model in the perspective of the industry 4.0 concept. Management 24(1):130\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/manment-2019-0039","journal-title":"Management"},{"key":"1788_CR48","first-page":"428","volume":"F128530","author":"E Ras","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ras E, Wild F, Stahl C, Baudet A (2017) Bridging the skills gap of Workers in Industry 4.0 by human performance augmentation tools - challenges and roadmap. ACM Intl Conf Proc Ser Part F128530:428\u2013432","journal-title":"ACM Intl Conf Proc Ser Part"},{"issue":"9","key":"1788_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11091500","volume":"11","author":"MP Perez-Perez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perez-Perez MP, Gornez E, Sebastian MA (2018) Delphi prospection on additive manufacturing in 2030: implications for education and employment in Spain. Materials 11(9):1500","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"3","key":"1788_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s11846-018-0283-2","volume":"12","author":"P Schneider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schneider P (2018) Managerial challenges of industry 4.0: an empirically backed research agenda for a nascent field. Rev Manag Sci 12(3):803\u2013848","journal-title":"Rev Manag Sci"},{"key":"1788_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2018.04.018","volume":"117","author":"S Luthra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luthra S, Mangla SK (2018) Evaluating challenges to industry 4.0 initiatives for supply chain sustainability in emerging economies. Process Saf Environ Prot 117:168\u2013179","journal-title":"Process Saf Environ Prot"},{"key":"1788_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.3390\/su12041362","volume":"12","author":"S Saniuk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saniuk S, Grabowska S, Gajdzik B (2020) Social expectations and market changes in the context of developing the industry 4.0 concept. Sustainability 12:1362","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1788_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2020.103280","volume":"122","author":"Y Gunjan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gunjan Y, Anil K, Sunil L et al (2020) A framework to achieve sustainability in manufacturing organisations of developing economies using industry 4.0 technologies' enablers. Comput Ind 122:103280","journal-title":"Comput Ind"},{"key":"1788_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2018.06.026","volume":"118","author":"T Stock","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stock T, Obenaus M, Kunz S (2018) Industry 4.0 as enabler for a sustainable development: a qualitative assessment of its ecological and social potential. Process Saf Environ Prot 118:254\u2013267","journal-title":"Process Saf Environ Prot"},{"key":"1788_CR55","first-page":"159","volume":"6","author":"W Terlau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Terlau W, Hirsch D (2015) Sustainable consumption and the attitude-behaviour-gap phenomenon - causes and measurements towards a sustainable development. Intl J Food Syst Dynam 6:159\u2013174","journal-title":"Intl J Food Syst Dynam"},{"key":"1788_CR56","unstructured":"Fitsilis P, Tsoutsa P, Gerogiannis V (2018) Industry 4.0: required personnel competences. International scientific journal \"industry 4.0\" 3(3):130-133"},{"key":"1788_CR57","unstructured":"Prifti L, Knigge M, Kienegger H, Krcmar H (2017) A Competency Model for \"Industrie 4.0\" Employees. Proceedings der 13. Internationalen Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2017), St. Gallen, Leimeister, J.M., Brenner, W. (Hrsg.), 46-60"},{"key":"1788_CR58","unstructured":"Wo\u017aniak W, Stryjski R, Mielniczuk J, Wojnarowski T (2015) Concept for the application of genetic algorithms in the management of transport offers in relation to homogenous cargo transport. Proceedings of the 26th international-business-information-management-association (IBIMA), Madrid, Spain, 2329-2339"},{"key":"1788_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wi\u0119cek D, Wi\u0119cek D (2018) Production Costs of Machine Elements Estimated in the Design Phase. In: Burduk, A.; Mazurkiewicz, D. (eds) Intelligent Systems in Production Engineering and Maintenance \u2013 ISPEM 2017, ISPEM 2017. Advances in intelligent systems and computing, 63, springer, Cham, 380-391. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-64465-3_37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64465-3_37"},{"issue":"1","key":"1788_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/2319714519830489","volume":"8","author":"BS Mehta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mehta BS, Awasthi IC (2019) Industry 4.0 and future of work in India. FIIB Business Rev 8(1):9\u201316","journal-title":"FIIB Business Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1788_CR61","first-page":"138","volume":"2","author":"L Windelband","year":"2014","unstructured":"Windelband L (2014) Zukunft der FacharbeitimZeitalter \u201cIndustrie 4.0\u201d. J Tech Educ 2(2):138\u2013155","journal-title":"J Tech Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1788_CR62","first-page":"250","volume":"1","author":"K Grzybowska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grzybowska K, \u0141upicka A (2019) Key competencies for industry 4.0. Econ Manag Innov 1(1):250\u2013253","journal-title":"Econ Manag Innov"},{"key":"1788_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cag\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1 D, Saniuk A, \u0160ujanov\u00e1 J, Hor\u0148\u00e1kov\u00e1 N, \u0160va\u010d V (2017) Managerial Skills in Industrial Praxis. Wydawnictwo Instytutu Informatyki i Zarz\u0105dzania Produkcj\u0105 Uniwersytetu Zielonog\u00f3rskiego, Zielona Gora, Poland","DOI":"10.29119\/1641-3466.2017.103.16"},{"key":"1788_CR64","unstructured":"Cheah SM, Leong H (2018) Relevance of CDIO to industry 4.0 \u2013 proposal for 2 new standards. Proceedings of the 14th international CDIO conference, Kanazawa institute of technology, Kanazawa, Japan, June 28 \u2013 July 2, 2018"}],"container-title":["Mobile Networks and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11036-021-01788-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11036-021-01788-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11036-021-01788-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T20:42:18Z","timestamp":1694119338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11036-021-01788-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11036-021-01788-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-469X","1572-8153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-469X","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 May 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}