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This approach uses the powerful learning ability of the cascaded forward network to analyze the historical spectrum occupancy records of licensed users, and then predict the user behavior in the next few time slots. The prediction result can help the base station in the cognitive network to schedule the dynamic access process of the cognitive users, and reduce the interference caused by the cognitive user to the authorized users. Finally, compared with traditional prediction algorithms, it is verified that the proposed multi-step prediction algorithm can effectively reduce the probability of spectrum conflicts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-021-01875-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T06:02:38Z","timestamp":1644040958000},"page":"1569-1577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cascade Forward Artificial Neural Network based Behavioral Predicting Approach for the Integrated Satellite-terrestrial Networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1511-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingchuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingzhe","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanchang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1875_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2951728","volume":"17","author":"X Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhai XB, Lu W, Wu C (2021) QoS-Guarantee Resource Allocation for Multibeam Satellite Industrial Internet of Things With NOMA. 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