{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T20:03:36Z","timestamp":1778789016375,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mobile Netw Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-024-02384-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T05:02:19Z","timestamp":1724648539000},"page":"1705-1718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Blind and Robust Image Watermarking Algorithm in the Spatial Domain using Two-level Partition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Liangjia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0117-4614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuling","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junxiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Senhui","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2020.3048498","volume":"1","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhang S, Luo Y, Cao L (2020) Machine Learning-Based Similarity Attacks for Chaos-based Cryptosystems. IEEE Trans Emerg Top Comput 1(1):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TETC.2020.3048498","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Emerg Top Comput"},{"issue":"9","key":"2384_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127418501146","volume":"28","author":"Y Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo Y, Zhang D, Liu J, Liu Y, Cao Y, Ding X (2018) Cryptanalysis of chaos-based cryptosystem from the hardware perspective. Int J Bifurc Chaos 28(9):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0218127418501146","journal-title":"Int J Bifurc Chaos"},{"issue":"4","key":"2384_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-015-2481-7","volume":"83","author":"Y Luo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luo Y, Cao L, Qiu S, Lin H, Harkin J, Liu J (2016) A chaotic map-control-based and the plain image-related cryptosystem. Nonlinear Dyn 83(4):2293\u20132310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11071-015-2481-7","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn"},{"issue":"4","key":"2384_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S0217979220500149","volume":"34","author":"X Ouyang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ouyang X, Luo Y, Liu J, Cao L, Liu Y (2020) A color image encryption method based on memristive hyperchaotic system and DNA encryption. Int J Mod Phys B 34(4):1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0217979220500149","journal-title":"Int J Mod Phys B"},{"key":"2384_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-018-4251-9","author":"Y Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo Y, Zhou R, Liu J (2018) A parallel image encryption algorithm based on the piecewise linear chaotic map and hyper-chaotic map. Nonlinear Dyn. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11071-018-4251-9","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.03.022","volume":"161","author":"Y Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo Y et al (2019) A robust image encryption algorithm based on Chua\u2019s circuit and compressive sensing. Signal Process 161(1):227\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.03.022","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"2384_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2014.05.022","volume":"20","author":"Y Luo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luo Y, Du M, Liu J (2015) A symmetrical image encryption scheme in wavelet and time domain. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 20(2):447\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnsns.2014.05.022","journal-title":"Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul"},{"issue":"20","key":"2384_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-5844-5","volume":"77","author":"Y Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo Y, Zhou R, Liu J, Qiu S, Cao Y (2018) An efficient and self-adapting colour-image encryption algorithm based on chaos and interactions among multiple layers. Multimed Tools Appl 77(20):26191\u201326217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-018-5844-5","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"2019","key":"2384_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2019.105836","volume":"124","author":"Y Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo Y, Tang S, Liu J, Cao L, Qiu S (2020) Image encryption scheme by combining the hyper-chaotic system with quantum coding. Opt Lasers Eng 124(2019):105836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2019.105836","journal-title":"Opt Lasers Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.12.065","volume":"1","author":"Y Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Tang S, Harkin J, Cao Y (2020) Counteracting Dynamical Degradation of a Class of Digital Chaotic Systems via Unscented Kalman Filter and Perturbation. Inf Sci 1(1):1\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2020.12.065","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2384_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S021812741750033X","volume":"27","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Luo Y, Song S, Cao L, Liu J, Harkin J (2017) Counteracting dynamical degradation of digital chaotic chebyshev map via perturbation. Int J Bifurc Chaos 27(3):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S021812741750033X","journal-title":"Int J Bifurc Chaos"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.165272","volume":"219","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang X, Su Q, Yuan Z, Liu D (2020) An efficient blind color image watermarking algorithm in spatial domain combining discrete Fourier transform. Optik (Stuttg) 219(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.165272","journal-title":"Optik (Stuttg)"},{"key":"2384_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuan Z, Liu D, Zhang X, Su Q (2020) New image blind watermarking method based on two-dimensional discrete cosine transform. Optik (Stuttg) 204(1):1\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijleo.2019.164152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2019.164152"},{"issue":"41\u201342","key":"2384_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30557","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09499-w","volume":"79","author":"Z Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan Z, Liu D, Zhang X, Wang H, Su Q (2020) DCT-based color digital image blind watermarking method with variable steps. Multimed Tools Appl 79(41\u201342):30557\u201330581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-09499-w","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"2384_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-018-4299-6","volume":"93","author":"SA Parah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parah SA, Loan NA, Shah AA, Sheikh JA, Bhat GM (2018) A new secure and robust watermarking technique based on logistic map and modification of DC coefficient. Nonlinear Dyn 93(4):1933\u20131951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11071-018-4299-6","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn"},{"issue":"11","key":"2384_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-4941-1","volume":"77","author":"X Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang X, Zhao F, Lin G, Chen Y (2018) A novel hybrid of DCT and SVD in DWT domain for robust and invisible blind image watermarking with optimal embedding strength. Multimed Tools Appl 77(11):13197\u201313224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-017-4941-1","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"2384_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li L, Luo Y, Liu J, Qiu S, Li L (2020) A robust watermarking scheme with high security and low computational. In: International conference on security and privacy in communication systems (SecureComm 2020), pp 439\u2013454 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-63095-9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63095-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.07.012","volume":"1","author":"M Begum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Begum M, Ferdush J, Uddin MS (2021) A Hybrid robust watermarking system based on discrete cosine transform, discrete wavelet transform, and singular value decomposition. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci 1(1):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.07.012","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2018.03.006","volume":"53","author":"SP Singh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh SP, Bhatnagar G (2018) A new robust watermarking system in integer DCT domain. J Vis Commun Image Represent 53(1):86\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvcir.2018.03.006","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100706","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2931039","volume":"7","author":"S-W Byun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Byun S-W, Son H-S, Lee S-P (2019) Fast and robust watermarking method based on DCT specific location. IEEE Access 7(1):100706\u2013100718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2019.2931039","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80849","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2915596","volume":"7","author":"J Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu J, Huang J, Luo Y, Cao L, Yang S (2019) An optimized image watermarking method based on HD and SVD in DWT domain. IEEE Access 7(1):80849\u201380860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2915596","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"31","key":"2384_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2013.07.009","volume":"31","author":"M Ali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ali M, Ahn CW, Siarry P (2014) Differential evolution algorithm for the selection of optimal scaling factors in image watermarking. Eng Appl Artif Intell 31(31):15\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2013.07.009","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.114272","volume":"1","author":"Y Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo Y, Li L, Liu J, Tang S, Cao L, Zhang S (2020) A multi-scale image watermarking based on integer wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. Expert Syst Appl 1(1):114272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.114272","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"17","key":"2384_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.10.045","volume":"41","author":"C Agarwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agarwal C, Mishra A, Sharma A, Bedi P (2014) Optimized gray-scale image watermarking using DWT-SVD and firefly algorithm. Expert Syst Appl 41(17):7858\u20137867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.10.045","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.07.026","volume":"417","author":"NM Makbol","year":"2017","unstructured":"Makbol NM, Khoo BE, Rassem TH, Loukhaoukha K (2017) A new reliable optimized image watermarking scheme based on the integer wavelet transform and singular value decomposition for copyright protection. Inf Sci (Ny) 417(1):381\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2017.07.026","journal-title":"Inf Sci (Ny)"},{"issue":"23","key":"2384_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.05.013","volume":"124","author":"Q Su","year":"2013","unstructured":"Su Q, Niu Y, Wang Q, Sheng G (2013) A blind color image watermarking based on DC component in the spatial domain. Optik (Stuttg) 124(23):6255\u20136260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.05.013","journal-title":"Optik (Stuttg)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2384_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2003.08.007","volume":"37","author":"C-K Chan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan C-K, Cheng LM (2004) Hiding data in images by simple LSB substitution. Pattern Recognit 37(3):469\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2003.08.007","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2020.107556","volume":"172","author":"D Rajani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajani D, Kumar PR (2020) \u201cAn optimized blind watermarking scheme based on principal component analysis in redundant discrete wavelet domain. Sig Process 172(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sigpro.2020.107556","journal-title":"Sig Process"},{"key":"2384_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Araghi TK, Manaf AA (2019) An enhanced hybrid image watermarking scheme for security of medical and non-medical images based on DWT and 2-D SVD. Futur Gener Comput Syst 101(1):1223\u20131246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2019.07.064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.07.064"},{"issue":"3","key":"2384_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2015.12.003","volume":"70","author":"R Keshavarzian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keshavarzian R, Aghagolzadeh A (2016) ROI based robust and secure image watermarking using DWT and arnold map. AEU - Int J Electron Commun 70(3):278\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2015.12.003","journal-title":"AEU - Int J Electron Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2013.07.024","volume":"94","author":"M Ali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ali M, Ahn CW (2014) An optimized watermarking technique based on self-adaptive DE in DWT\u2013SVD transform domain. Signal Process 94(1):545\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sigpro.2013.07.024","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2014.06.012","volume":"33","author":"NM Makbol","year":"2014","unstructured":"Makbol NM, Khoo BE (2014) A new robust and secure digital image watermarking scheme based on the integer wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. Digit Signal Process 33(1):134\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsp.2014.06.012","journal-title":"Digit Signal Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"2384_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2012.06.008","volume":"67","author":"BEK Nasrin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nasrin BEK, Makbol M (2013) Robust blind image watermarking scheme based on redundant discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. AEU Int J Electron Commun 67(2):102\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2012.06.008","journal-title":"AEU Int J Electron Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"2384_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2016.0515","volume":"11","author":"Y Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo Y, Li B-Z, Goel N (2017) Optimised blind image watermarking method based on firefly algorithm in DWT-QR transform domain. IET Image Process 11(6):406\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-ipr.2016.0515","journal-title":"IET Image Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"2384_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2013.08.018","volume":"68","author":"C Das","year":"2014","unstructured":"Das C, Panigrahi S, Sharma VK, Mahapatra KK (2014) A novel blind robust image watermarking in DCT domain using inter-block coefficient correlation. AEU - Int J Electron Commun 68(3):244\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2013.08.018","journal-title":"AEU - Int J Electron Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2016.02.005","volume":"53","author":"SA Parah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parah SA, Sheikh JA, Loan NA, Bhat GM (2016) Robust and blind watermarking technique in DCT domain using inter-block coefficient differencing. Digit Signal Process A Rev J 53(1):11\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsp.2016.02.005","journal-title":"Digit Signal Process A Rev J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.11.005","volume":"517","author":"HJ Ko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ko HJ, Huang CT, Horng G, Wang SJ (2020) Robust and blind image watermarking in DCT domain using inter-block coefficient correlation. Inf Sci 517(1):128\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2019.11.005","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"2384_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paramanandham N, Rajendiran K (2016) A simple and efficient image fusion algorithm based on standard deviation in wavelet domain. In: Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE international conference on wireless communications, pp 2207\u20132211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WiSPNET.2016.7566534","DOI":"10.1109\/WiSPNET.2016.7566534"},{"issue":"1","key":"2384_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2016.12.003","volume":"72","author":"S Roy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roy S, Pal AK (2017) A blind DCT based color watermarking algorithm for embedding multiple watermarks. AEU Int J Electron Commun 72(1):149\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2016.12.003","journal-title":"AEU Int J Electron Commun"},{"issue":"20","key":"2384_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20499","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3962-5","volume":"76","author":"B Kazemivash","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kazemivash B, Moghaddam ME (2017) A robust digital image watermarking technique using lifting wavelet transform and firefly algorithm. Multimed Tools Appl 76(20):20499\u201320524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3962-5","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"}],"container-title":["Mobile Networks and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11036-024-02384-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11036-024-02384-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11036-024-02384-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T13:21:47Z","timestamp":1744204907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11036-024-02384-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11036-024-02384-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-469X","1572-8153"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-469X","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8153","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 August 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}