{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:29:55Z","timestamp":1776778195111,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]],"date-time":"2009-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-009-0360-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T10:43:54Z","timestamp":1254393834000},"page":"161-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Indexing music by mood: design and integration of an automatic content-based annotator"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Cyril","family":"Laurier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Meyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Serr\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Blech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perfecto","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"360_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-006-0003-9","volume":"29","author":"A Andric","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andric A, Haus G (2006) Automatic playlist generation based on tracking user\u2019s listening habits. Multimed Tools Appl 29(2):127\u2013151","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"360_CR2","unstructured":"Berenson ML, Goldstein M, Levine D (1983) Intermediate statistical methods and applications: a computer package approach. Prentice-Hall"},{"issue":"8","key":"360_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930500204250","volume":"19","author":"E Bigand","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bigand E, Vieillard S, Madurell F, Marozeau J, Dacquet A (2005) Multidimensional scaling of emotional responses to music: The effect of musical expertise and of the duration of the excerpts. Cognition & Emotion 19(8):1113\u20131139","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"key":"360_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boser BE, Guyon, IM, Vapnik VN (1992) A training algorithm for optimal margin classifiers. In COLT '92: Proceedings of the fifth annual workshop on Computational learning theory. ACM, New York, pp 144\u2013152","DOI":"10.1145\/130385.130401"},{"issue":"4","key":"360_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2008.916370","volume":"96","author":"MA Casey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Casey MA, Veltkamp R, Goto M, Leman M, Rhodes C, Slaney M (2008) Content-based music information retrieval: Current directions and future challenges. Proc IEEE 96(4):668\u2013696","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"360_CR6","unstructured":"Chang CC, Lin CJ (2001) LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines, Software available at http:\/\/www.csie.ntu.edu.tw\/~cjlin\/libsvm"},{"issue":"1","key":"360_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","volume":"39","author":"AP Dempster","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dempster AP, Laird NM, Rubin DB (1977) Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the em algorithm. J R Stat Soc, B 39(1):1\u201338","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc, B"},{"issue":"4","key":"360_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1250\/ast.29.247","volume":"29","author":"JS Downie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Downie JS (2008) The music information retrieval evaluation exchange (2005\u20132007): a window into music information retrieval research. Acoust Sci Technol 29(4):247\u2013255","journal-title":"Acoust Sci Technol"},{"key":"360_CR9","volume-title":"Pattern classification and scene analysis","author":"RO Duda","year":"1973","unstructured":"Duda RO, Hart PE (1973) Pattern classification and scene analysis. Wiley, Somerset"},{"issue":"1","key":"360_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2307\/427021","volume":"13","author":"PR Farnsworth","year":"1954","unstructured":"Farnsworth PR (1954) A study of the Hevner adjective list. J Aesthet Art Crit 13(1):97\u2013103","journal-title":"J Aesthet Art Crit"},{"key":"360_CR11","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez E (2006) Tonal description of music audio signals. PhD thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra"},{"key":"360_CR12","unstructured":"Gouyon F, Herrera P, G\u00f3mez E, Cano P, Bonada J, Loscos A, Amatriain X, Serra X (2008) Content Processing of Music Audio Signals, chapter 3, pages 83\u2013160. Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, Berlin"},{"key":"360_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2307\/1415746","volume":"58","author":"K Hevner","year":"1936","unstructured":"Hevner K (1936) Experimental studies of the elements of expression in music. Am J Psychol 58:246\u2013268","journal-title":"Am J Psychol"},{"key":"360_CR14","unstructured":"Hu X, Downie JS, Laurier C, Bay M, Ehmann AF (2008) The 2007 MIREX audio mood classification task: Lessons learned. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, pp 462\u2013467, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2008"},{"key":"360_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juslin PN, Laukka P (2004) Expression, perception, and induction of musical emotions: A review and a questionnaire study of everyday listening. Journal of New Music Research, 33(3)","DOI":"10.1080\/0929821042000317813"},{"key":"360_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juslin PN, V\u00e4stfj\u00e4ll D (2008) Emotional responses to music: the need to consider underlying mechanisms. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31 (5)","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X08005293"},{"issue":"4","key":"360_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1037\/1196-1961.51.4.336","volume":"51","author":"CL Krumhansl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Krumhansl CL (1997) An exploratory study of musical emotions and psychophysiology. Can J Exp Psychol 51(4):336\u2013353","journal-title":"Can J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"360_CR18","unstructured":"Laurier C, Herrera P (2007) Audio music mood classification using support vector machine. Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX) extended abstract"},{"key":"360_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laurier C, Herrera P (2009) Automatic detection of emotion in music: interaction with emotionally sensitive machines. Handbook of Research on Synthetic Emotions and Sociable Robotics. IGI Global, pp 9\u201332","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-60566-354-8.ch002"},{"key":"360_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laurier C, Grivolla J, Herrera P (2008) Multimodal music mood classification using audio and lyrics. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications. San Diego, CA, USA","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2008.96"},{"issue":"1","key":"360_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2307\/2347628","volume":"41","author":"S Cessie Le","year":"1992","unstructured":"Le Cessie S, Van Houwelingen JC (1992) Ridge estimators in logistic regression. Appl Stat 41(1):191\u2013201","journal-title":"Appl Stat"},{"key":"360_CR22","unstructured":"Li T, Ogihara M (2003) Detecting emotion in music. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, pages 239\u2013240, Baltimore, MD, USA"},{"key":"360_CR23","unstructured":"Lidy T, Rauber A, Pertusa A, I\u00f1esta JM (2007) MIREX 2007: combining audio and symbolic descriptors for music classification from audio. MIREX 2007 \u2014 music information retrieval evaluation eXchange, Vienna, Austria, September 23\u201327, 2007"},{"key":"360_CR24","unstructured":"Lindstr\u00f6m E (1997) Impact of melodic structure on emotional expression. In Proceedings of the Third Triennial ESCOM Conference, pp 292\u2013297"},{"key":"360_CR25","unstructured":"Logan B (2000) Mel frequency cepstral coefficients for music modeling. In Proceeding of the 1st International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval, Plymouth, MA, USA, 2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"360_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/TSA.2005.860344","volume":"14","author":"D Lu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lu D, Liu L, Zhang H (2006) Automatic mood detection and tracking of music audio signals. IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process 14(1):5\u201318","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process"},{"key":"360_CR27","unstructured":"Mandel M, Ellis DP (2007) Labrosa\u2019s audio music similarity and classification submissions. MIREX 2007 \u2014 Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange, Vienna, Austria, September 23\u201327, 2007"},{"key":"360_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandel M, Poliner GE, Ellis DP (2006) Support vector machine active learning for music retrieval. Multimedia Systems, 12(1)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-006-0032-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"360_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1561\/1500000002","volume":"1","author":"N Orio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Orio N (2006) Music retrieval: a tutorial and review. Found Trends Inf Retr 1(1):1\u201396","journal-title":"Found Trends Inf Retr"},{"key":"360_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pachet F, Roy P (2009) Analytical features: a knowledge-based approach to audio feature generation. EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing (1)","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/153017"},{"key":"360_CR31","unstructured":"Peeters G (2004) A large set of audio features for sound description (similarity and classification) in the CUIDADO project. Tech. rep., IRCAM"},{"issue":"2","key":"360_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(98)00043-2","volume":"68","author":"I Peretz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peretz I, Gagnon L, Bouchard B (1998) Music and emotion: perceptual determinants, immediacy, and isolation after brain damage. Cognition 68(2):111\u2013141","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"360_CR33","volume-title":"C4.5: programs for machine learning","author":"RJ Quinlan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Quinlan RJ (1993) C4.5: programs for machine learning. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc, San Francisco"},{"issue":"6","key":"360_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714","volume":"39","author":"JA Russell","year":"1980","unstructured":"Russell JA (1980) A circumplex model of affect. J Pers Soc Psychol 39(6):1161\u20131178","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"360_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sethares WA (1998) Tuning timbre spectrum scale. Springer-Verlag","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4177-8"},{"key":"360_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi YY, Zhu X, Kim HG, Eom KW (2006) A tempo feature via modulation spectrum analysis and its application to music emotion classification. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Toronto, Canada, pp 1085\u20131088","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2006.262723"},{"key":"360_CR37","unstructured":"Skowronek J, McKinney MF, van de Par S (2007) A demonstrator for automatic music mood estimation. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, Vienna, Austria"},{"issue":"6","key":"360_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1109\/89.799695","volume":"7","author":"JO Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith JO, Abel JS (1999) Bark and erb bilinear transforms. IEEE Trans Speech Audio Process 7(6):697\u2013708","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Speech Audio Process"},{"key":"360_CR39","unstructured":"Sordo M, Laurier C, Celma O (2007) Annotating music collections: how content-based similarity helps to propagate labels. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, Vienna, Austria, pp 531\u2013534"},{"key":"360_CR40","volume-title":"The origin of everyday moods: managing energy, tension, and stress","author":"RE Thayer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Thayer RE (1996) The origin of everyday moods: managing energy, tension, and stress. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"360_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tzanetakis G (2007) Marsyas-0.2: a case study in implementing music information retrieval systems. In Intelligent Music Information Systems","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59904-663-1.ch002"},{"issue":"5","key":"360_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1109\/TSA.2002.800560","volume":"10","author":"G Tzanetakis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tzanetakis G, Cook P (2002) Musical genre classification of audio signals. IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process 10(5):293\u2013302","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process"},{"issue":"4","key":"360_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930701503567","volume":"22","author":"S Vieillard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vieillard S, Peretz I, Gosselin N, Khalfa S, Gagnon L, Bouchard B (2008) Happy, sad, scary and peaceful musical excerpts for research on emotions. Cognition & Emotion 22(4):720\u2013752","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"360_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.1972.tb00072.x","volume":"13","author":"L Wedin","year":"1972","unstructured":"Wedin L (1972) A Multidimensional study of perceptual-emotional qualities in music. Scand J Psychol 13(4):241\u2013257","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"360_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wieczorkowska A, Synak P, Lewis R, Ras Z (2005) Extracting emotions from music data. In Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Springer-Verlag, pp 456\u2013465","DOI":"10.1007\/11425274_47"},{"key":"360_CR46","volume-title":"Data mining: practical machine learning tools with Java implementations","author":"IH Witten","year":"1999","unstructured":"Witten IH, Frank E (1999) Data mining: practical machine learning tools with Java implementations. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco"},{"issue":"2","key":"360_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2007.911513","volume":"16","author":"YH Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang YH, Lin YC, Su YF, Chen HH (2008) A regression approach to music emotion recognition. IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process 16(2):448\u2013457","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-009-0360-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-009-0360-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-009-0360-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T13:39:10Z","timestamp":1739367550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-009-0360-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-009-0360-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,2]]}}}