{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T21:12:33Z","timestamp":1720905153622},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]],"date-time":"2010-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1263340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-009-0444-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,12]],"date-time":"2010-01-12T13:01:44Z","timestamp":1263301304000},"page":"463-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Energy-based blob analysis for improving precision of skin segmentation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Kawulok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"444_CR1","first-page":"122","volume":"1","author":"A Albiol","year":"2001","unstructured":"Albiol A, Torres L, Delp EJ (2001) Optimum color spaces for skin detection. Proc Int Conf Image Processing 1:122\u2013124","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Image Processing"},{"key":"444_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24672-5_29","volume":"3023","author":"A Argyros","year":"2004","unstructured":"Argyros A, Lourakis M (2004) Real-time tracking of multiple skin-colored objects with a possibly moving camera. Lect Notes Comput Sci 3023:368\u2013379","journal-title":"Lect Notes Comput Sci"},{"key":"444_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(81)90009-1","volume":"13","author":"DH Ballard","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ballard DH (1981) Generalizing the Hough transform to detect arbitrary shapes. Pattern Recogn 13:111\u2013122","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"444_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2000.905653","volume":"1","author":"J Brand","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brand J, Mason J (2000) A comparative assessment of three approaches to pixel-level human skin-detection. Proc Int Conf Pattern Recogn 1:1056\u20131059","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"3","key":"444_CR5","first-page":"273","volume":"20","author":"C Cortes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cortes C, Vapnik V (1995) Support-vector networks. Mach Learn 20(3):273\u2013297","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"444_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2004.824852","volume":"34","author":"G Fang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fang G, Gao W, Zhao D (2004) Large vocabulary sign language recognition based on fuzzy decision trees. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 34:305\u2013314","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"key":"444_CR7","unstructured":"Filipe T, Tiago C, Hamid S (2003) Improved automatic skin detection in color images. In: VIIIth digital image comp: techniques & applications, pp 419\u2013427"},{"key":"444_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011113216584","volume":"41","author":"F Fleuret","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fleuret F, Geman D (2001) Coarse-to-fine face detection. Int J Comput Vis 41:85\u2013107","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"issue":"1","key":"444_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008145029462","volume":"32","author":"DA Forsyth","year":"1999","unstructured":"Forsyth DA, Fleck M (1999) Automatic detection of human nudes. Int J Comput Vis 32(1):63\u201377","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"444_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fotouhi M, Rohban MH, Kasaei S (2009) Skin detection using contourlet-based texture analysis. In: Int conf on digital telecommunications, pp 59\u201364","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDT.2009.18"},{"key":"444_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2002.1045645","volume-title":"Proc of IEEE int workshop on robot and human interactive communication","author":"J Fritsch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fritsch J, Lang S, Kleinehagenbrock M, Fink GA, Sagerer G (2002) Improving adaptive skin color segmentation by incorporating results from face detection. In: Proc of IEEE int workshop on robot and human interactive communication. Berlin, Germany, pp 337\u2013343"},{"key":"444_CR12","unstructured":"Gomez G, Moralez E (2002) Automatic feature construction and a simple rule induction algorithm for skin detection. In: Proc of the ICML workshop on machine learning in computer vision, pp 31\u201338"},{"key":"444_CR13","unstructured":"Han CC, Liao HYM, Yu KC, Chen LH (1998) Fast face detection via morphology-based pre-processing. In: Proc of ninth int conf on image analisis and processing, pp 469\u2013476"},{"key":"444_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernandez-Rebollar JL, Kyriakopoulos N, Lindeman RW (2004) A new instrumented approach for translating American Sign Language into sound and text. In: Proc of 6th IEEE int conf on automatic face and gesture recognition, pp 547\u2013552","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2004.1301590"},{"issue":"5","key":"444_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1109\/34.1000242","volume":"24","author":"RL Hsu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hsu RL, Abdel-Mottaleb M, Jain AK (2002) Face detection in color images. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24(5):696\u2013706","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"444_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2006.10.010","volume":"28","author":"L Ikonen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ikonen L, Toivanen P (2006) Distance and nearest neighbor transforms on gray-level surfaces. Pattern Recogn Lett 28:604-612","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"444_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imagawa I, Matsuo H, Taniguchi R, Arita D, Shan L, Igi S (2000) Recognition of local features for camera-based sign language recognition system. In: Proc of 15th int conf on pattern recognition, vol 4, pp 849\u2013853","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2000.903050"},{"issue":"1","key":"444_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013200319198","volume":"46","author":"MJ Jones","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jones MJ, Rehg JM (2002) Statistical color models with application to skin detection. Int J Comput Vis 46(1):81\u201396","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"444_CR19","first-page":"143","volume":"9","author":"M Kawulok","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawulok M (2005) Application of support vector machines in automatic human face recognition. J Med Inform Technol 9:143\u2013150","journal-title":"J Med Inform Technol"},{"key":"444_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69905-7_13","volume":"5099","author":"M Kawulok","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kawulok M (2008) Dynamic skin detection in color images for sign language recognition. Lect Notes Comput Sci 5099:112\u2013119","journal-title":"Lect Notes Comput Sci"},{"issue":"2A","key":"444_CR21","first-page":"341","volume":"30","author":"M Kawulok","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kawulok M, Szymanek J (2009) Algorithm for precise frontal face detection. Stud Inform 30(2A):341\u2013354","journal-title":"Stud Inform"},{"key":"444_CR22","first-page":"144","volume-title":"Human skin colour clustering for face detection, Eurocon 2003","author":"J Kovac","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kovac J, Peer P, Solina F (2003) Human skin colour clustering for face detection, Eurocon 2003. Ljubliana, Slovenia, pp 144\u2013148"},{"key":"444_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kruppa H, Bauer MA, Schiele B (2002) Skin patch detection in real-world images. In: Annual symposium for pattern recognition of the DAGM 2002, vol 2449. Lecture notes in computer science, pp 109\u2013117","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45783-6_14"},{"issue":"4","key":"444_CR24","first-page":"377","volume":"13","author":"G Kukharev","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kukharev G, Nowosielski A (2004) Fast and efficient algorithm for face detection in colour images. Mach Graph Vis 13(4):377-399","journal-title":"Mach Graph Vis"},{"key":"444_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85920-8_76","volume":"5197","author":"P Lagodzinski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lagodzinski P, Smolka B (2008) Digital image colorization based on probabilistic distance transform. CIARP 2008. Lect Notes Comput Sci 5197:626\u2013634","journal-title":"Lect Notes Comput Sci"},{"key":"444_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2002.1038171","volume":"1","author":"R Lienhart","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lienhart R, Maydt J (2002) An extended Set of haar-like features for rapid object detection. IEEE Proc Int Conf Image Processing 1:900\u2013903","journal-title":"IEEE Proc Int Conf Image Processing"},{"issue":"9","key":"444_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00130-2","volume":"33","author":"D Maio","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maio D, Maltoni D (2000) Real-time face location on gray-scale static images. Pattern Recogn 33(9):1525\u20131539","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"444_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000027790.02288.f2","volume":"60","author":"K Mikolajczyk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mikolajczyk K, Schmid C (2004) Scale and affine invariant interest point detectors. Int J Comput Vis 60:63\u201386","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"444_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1023803","volume":"24","author":"Y Ming-Hsuan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ming-Hsuan Y, Ahuja N, Tabb M (2002) Extraction of 2D motion trajectories and its application to hand gesture recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24:1061\u20131074","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"444_CR30","volume-title":"Are the skin colour detectors stable in changing lighting conditions? VIIIth international workshop for candidates for a doctors\u2019 degree","author":"K Nurzynska","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nurzynska K (2006) Are the skin colour detectors stable in changing lighting conditions? VIIIth international workshop for candidates for a doctors\u2019 degree. Wisla, Poland"},{"key":"444_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osuna E, Freund R, Girosi F (1997) Training support vector machines: an application to face detection. In: Proc of IEEE conf on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 130\u2013136","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1997.609310"},{"key":"444_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phung SL, Chai D, Bouzerdoum A (2003) Adaptive skin segmentation in color images. In: Proc of int conf on acoustic, speech and signal processing (ICASSP), vol 3, pp 353\u2013353","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2003.1199483"},{"key":"444_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rowley H, Baluja S, Kanade T (1996) Neural network-based face detection. In: Proc of IEEE conf on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 203\u2013208","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1996.517075"},{"key":"444_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarfaz M, Syed YA, Zeeshan M (2005) A system for sign language recognition using fuzzy object similarity tracking. In: Proc of 9th int conf on information visualisation, pp 233\u2013238","DOI":"10.1109\/IV.2005.14"},{"key":"444_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soriano M, Martinkauppi B, Huovinen S, Laaksonen M (2000) Skin detection in video under changing illumination conditions. In: Proc of int conf on pattern recognition (ICPR\u201900), vol 1, pp 1839\u20131842","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2000.905542"},{"key":"444_CR36","first-page":"282","volume-title":"Proc of 20th IASTED international multi-conference applied informatics","author":"N Suszczanska","year":"2002","unstructured":"Suszczanska N, Szmal P, Francik J (2002) Translating polish texts into sign language in the TGT system. In: Proc of 20th IASTED international multi-conference applied informatics. Innsbruck, Austria, pp 282\u2013287"},{"key":"444_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.1998.670934","volume-title":"Proc of the 3rd int conf on automatic face and gesture recognition","author":"JC Terrillon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Terrillon JC, David M, Akamatsu S (1998) Automatic detection of human faces in natural scene images by use of a skin color model and of invariant moments. In: Proc of the 3rd int conf on automatic face and gesture recognition. Nara, Japan, pp 112\u2013117"},{"key":"444_CR38","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Proc of EUSIPCO \u201998","author":"S Tsekeridou","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tsekeridou S, Pitas I (1998) Facial feature extraction in frontal views using biometric analogies. In: Proc of EUSIPCO \u201998. Rhodes, Greece, pp 315\u2013318"},{"key":"444_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turk M, Pentland A (1991) Face recognition using Eigenfaces. In: Proc of IEEE conf on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 586\u2013591","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1991.139758"},{"key":"444_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones MJ (2001) Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. In: Proc of IEEE conf on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 511\u2013518","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990517"},{"issue":"2","key":"444_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000013087.49260.fb","volume":"57","author":"P Viola","year":"2004","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones MJ (2004) Robust real-time face detection. Int J Comput Vis 57(2):137\u2013154","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"444_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogler C, Metaxas D (1998) ASL recognition based on a coupling between HMMs and 3D motion analysis. In: Proc of 6th int conf on computer vision, pp 363\u2013369","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1998.710744"},{"issue":"2","key":"444_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2006.08.008","volume":"105","author":"P Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang P, Ji Q (2007) Multi-view face and eye detection using discriminant features. Comput Vis Image Underst 105(2):99\u2013111","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Underst"},{"key":"444_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(94)90017-5","volume":"27","author":"G Yang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yang G, Huang TS (1994) Human face detection in complex background. Pattern Recogn 27:1877\u20131889","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"444_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/34.982883","volume":"24","author":"MH Yang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yang MH, Kriegman DJ, Ahuja N (2002) Detecting faces in images: a survey. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24:34\u201358","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"4","key":"444_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1145\/954339.954342","volume":"35","author":"W Zhao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhao W, Chellappa R, Phillips PJ, Rosenfeld A (2003) Face recognition: a literature survey. ACM Comput Surv 35(4):399\u2013458","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-009-0444-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-009-0444-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-009-0444-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T03:27:54Z","timestamp":1559359674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-009-0444-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-009-0444-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,13]]}}}