{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:13:34Z","timestamp":1761743614352},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,14]],"date-time":"2012-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-012-1071-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,12]],"date-time":"2012-04-12T23:30:37Z","timestamp":1334273437000},"page":"641-657","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Enhanced and hierarchical structure algorithm for data imbalance problem in semantic extraction under massive video dataset"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Zan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long-fei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Hauptmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An-Ni","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1071_CR1","unstructured":"\u201cLearning from Imbalanced Data Sets,\u201d Proc. Am. Assoc. for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) Workshop, N. Japkowicz, ed., 2000, (Technical Report WS-00-05)."},{"key":"1071_CR2","unstructured":"\u201cWorkshop Learning from Imbalanced Data Sets II,\u201d Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Machine Learning, N.V. Chawla, N. Japkowicz, and A. Kolcz, eds., 2003."},{"key":"1071_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abe N, Zadrozny B, Langford J (2004) An iterative method for multi-class cost-sensitive learning. Proc. ACM SIGKDD Int\u2019l Conf. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 3\u201311","DOI":"10.1145\/1014052.1014056"},{"key":"1071_CR4","first-page":"39","volume":"3201","author":"R Akbani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Akbani R, Kwek S, Japkowicz N (2004) Applying Support Vector Machines to Imbalanced Datasets. European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML) 3201:39\u201350","journal-title":"European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007735","volume":"6","author":"GEAPA Batista","year":"2004","unstructured":"Batista GEAPA, Prati RC, Monard MC (2004) A study of the behavior of several methods for balancing machine learning training data. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter 6(1):20\u201329","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter"},{"issue":"6","key":"1071_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/5254.809570","volume":"14","author":"PK Chan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chan PK, Fan W, Prodromidis AL, Stolfo SJ (1999) Distributed data mining in credit card fraud detection. IEEE Intell Syst 14(6):67\u201374","journal-title":"IEEE Intell Syst"},{"key":"1071_CR7","unstructured":"Chan P, Stolfo S (1998) Toward scalable learning with non-uniform class and cost distributions. Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 164\u2013168"},{"key":"1071_CR8","unstructured":"Chang S-F, Hsu W, Jiang W, Kennedy L, Xu D et al (2006) Columbia university trecvid-2006 video search and high-level feature extraction,\u201d in TRECVID workshop"},{"key":"1071_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.953","volume":"16","author":"NV Chawla","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chawla NV, Bowyer KW, Hall LO, Kegelmeyer WP (2002) SMOTE: synthetic minority over-sampling technique. J Artif Intell Res 16:321\u2013357","journal-title":"J Artif Intell Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007733","volume":"6","author":"NV Chawla","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chawla NV, Japkowicz N, Kotcz A (2004) Editorial: special issue on learning from imbalanced data sets. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter 6(1):1\u20136","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter"},{"key":"1071_CR11","unstructured":"Chen M-Y, Hauptmann A (2009) MoSIFT: Reocgnizing Human Actions in Surveillance Videos. CMU-CS-09-161, Carnegie Mellon University"},{"key":"1071_CR12","unstructured":"Chen K, Lu BL, Kwok J (2006) Efficient classification of multi-label and imbalanced data using min-max modular classifiers. Proc. World Congress on Computation Intelligence-Int\u2019l Joint Conf. Neural Networks, pp. 1770\u20131775"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007738","volume":"6","author":"P Clifton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clifton P, Damminda A, Vincent L (2004) Minority report in fraud detection: classification of skewed data. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter 6(1):50\u201359","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter"},{"key":"1071_CR14","first-page":"273","volume":"20","author":"C Cortes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cortes C, Vapnik V (1995) Support vector networks. Mach Learn 20:273\u2013297","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"1071_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(80)90065-6","volume":"20","author":"J Daugman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Daugman J (1980) Two-dimensional spectral analysis of cortical receptive field profiles. Vis Res 20:847\u2013856","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"1071_CR16","first-page":"155","volume":"9","author":"H Drucker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Drucker H, Burges CJC, Kaufman L, Smola A, Vapnik V (1997) Support vector regression machines. Adv Neural Inform Process Syst 9:155\u2013161","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inform Process Syst"},{"key":"1071_CR17","unstructured":"Drummond C, Holte RC (2003) C4.5, class imbalance, and cost sensitivity: why under sampling beats over-sampling. Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Machine Learning, Workshop Learning from Imbalanced Data Sets II"},{"key":"1071_CR18","unstructured":"Elkan C (2001) The foundations of cost-sensitive learning. Proc. Int\u2019l Joint Conf. Artificial Intelligence, pp. 973978"},{"key":"1071_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0824-7935.2004.t01-1-00228.x","volume":"20","author":"A Estabrooks","year":"2004","unstructured":"Estabrooks A, Jo T, Japkowicz N (2004) A multiple resampling method for learning from imbalanced data sets. Comput Intell 20:18\u201336","journal-title":"Comput Intell"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/jcss.1997.1504","volume":"55","author":"Y Freund","year":"1997","unstructured":"Freund Y, Schapire RE (1997) Decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting. J Comput Syst Sci 55(1):119\u2013139","journal-title":"J Comput Syst Sci"},{"key":"1071_CR21","first-page":"521","volume":"17","author":"HP Graf","year":"2005","unstructured":"Graf HP, Cosatto E, Bottou L, Durdanovic I, Vapnik V (2005) Parallel support vector machines: The cascade svm. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 17:521\u2013528","journal-title":"In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007736","volume":"6","author":"H Guo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Guo H, Viktor HL (2004) Learning from imbalanced data sets with boosting and data generation: the databoost IM approach. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter 6(1):30\u201339","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter"},{"key":"1071_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haibo He, Member, IEEE, and Edwardo A. Garcia (2009) Learning from Imbalanced Data, IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol.21, No.9, pp.1263-1284, Sep","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.239"},{"key":"1071_CR24","first-page":"878","volume":"3644","author":"H Han","year":"2005","unstructured":"Han H, Wang W, Mao B (2005) Borderline-SMOTE: a new over-sampling method in imbalanced data sets learning. International Conference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC) 3644:878\u2013887","journal-title":"International Conference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC)"},{"key":"1071_CR25","unstructured":"He H, Bai Y, Garcia EA, Li S (2008) ADASYN: Adaptive Synthetic Sampling Approach for Imbalanced Learning. Proc. Int\u2019l J. Conf. Neural Networks, pp. 1322-1328"},{"key":"1071_CR26","unstructured":"He H, Shen X (2007) A ranked subspace learning method for gene expression data classification. Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Artificial Intelligence, pp. 358-364"},{"key":"1071_CR27","unstructured":"Holte RC, Acker L, Porter BW (1989) Concept learning and the problem of small disjuncts. Proc. Int\u2019l J. Conf. Artificial Intelligence, pp. 813\u2013818"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2006.882812","volume":"18","author":"X Hong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hong X, Chen S, Harris CJ (2007) A kernel-based two-class classifier for imbalanced data sets. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks (TNN) 18(1):28\u201341","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks (TNN)"},{"key":"1071_CR29","unstructured":"http:\/\/www-nlpir.nist.gov\/projects\/tv2010\/tv2010.html"},{"key":"1071_CR30","unstructured":"http:\/\/www-nlpir.nist.gov\/projects\/tv2010\/tv2010.html#data"},{"key":"1071_CR31","unstructured":"http:\/\/www-nlpir.nist.gov\/projects\/tv2010\/tv2010.html#sed"},{"key":"1071_CR32","unstructured":"http:\/\/www-nlpir.nist.gov\/projects\/tv2010\/tv2010.html#sin"},{"issue":"5","key":"1071_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-2002-6504","volume":"6","author":"N Japkowicz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Japkowicz N, Stephen S (2002) The class imbalance problem: a systematic study. Intell Data Anal 6(5):429\u2013449","journal-title":"Intell Data Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2009.2036235","volume":"12","author":"Y-G Jiang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiang Y-G, Yang J, Ngo C-W, Hauptmann AG (2010) Representations of keypoint-based semantic concept detection: a comprehensive study. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 12(1):42\u201353","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"1071_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007452223027","volume":"30","author":"M Kubat","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kubat M, Holte RC, Matwin S (1998) Machine learning for the detection of oil spills in satellite radar images. Mach Learn 30(2\/3):195\u2013215","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"1071_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laurikkala J (2001) Improving identification of difficult small classes by balancing class distribution. Proc. Conf. AI in Medicine in Europe: Artificial Intelligence Medicine, pp. 63-66,","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48229-6_9"},{"key":"1071_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu XY, Wu J, Zhou ZH (2006) Exploratory under sampling for class imbalance learning. Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Data Mining. 965\u2013969","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2006.68"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2006.17","volume":"18","author":"XY Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu XY, Zhou ZH (2006) Training cost-sensitive neural networks with methods addressing the class imbalance problem. IEEE Trans Knowledge and Data Eng 18(1):63\u201377","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Eng."},{"key":"1071_CR39","first-page":"1150","volume":"2","author":"DG Lowe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lowe DG (1999) Object recognition from local scale-invariant features. Proc of the International Conference on Computer Vision, Corfu 2:1150\u20131157","journal-title":"Proc. of the International Conference on Computer Vision, Corfu"},{"key":"1071_CR40","unstructured":"Maloof MA (2003) Learning when data sets are imbalanced and when costs are unequal and unknown. Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Machine Learning, Workshop Learning from Imbalanced Data Sets II"},{"key":"1071_CR41","first-page":"409","volume":"8","author":"D Mease","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mease D, Wyner AJ, Buja A (2007) Boosted classification trees and class probability\/quantile estimation. J Mach Learn Res 8:409\u2013439","journal-title":"J. Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1071_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90121-X","volume":"25","author":"R Mehrotra","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mehrotra R (1992) Gabor filter-based edge detection. PaRem Recognition 25(12):1479\u20131494","journal-title":"PaRem Recognition."},{"key":"1071_CR43","unstructured":"National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): http:\/\/www.nist.gov\/index.html"},{"key":"1071_CR44","unstructured":"Pearson R, Goney G, Shwaber J (2003) Imbalanced clustering for microarray time-series,\u201d Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Machine Learning, Workshop Learning from Imbalanced Data Sets II,"},{"key":"1071_CR45","unstructured":"Peng Y, Yang Z, Yi J, Cao L, Li H, Yao J (2008) Peking University at TRECVID 2008: High Level Feature Extraction, in TRECVID workshop"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1145\/1147234.1147236","volume":"8","author":"RB Rao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rao RB, Krishnan S, Niculescu RS (2006) Data mining for improved cardiac care. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter 8(1):3\u201310","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter"},{"key":"1071_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1023\/B:STCO.0000035301.49549.88","volume":"14","author":"AJ Smola","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smola AJ, Sch\u00f6lkopf B (2004) A tutorial on support vector regression. Stat Comput 14:199\u2013222","journal-title":"Stat Comput"},{"key":"1071_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun Y, Kamel MS, Wang Y (2006) Boosting for learning multiple classes with imbalanced class distribution. Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Data Mining, pp. 592\u2013602","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2006.29"},{"key":"1071_CR49","unstructured":"Surveillance event detection: System task, Data, Submissions, Evaluation http:\/\/www.itl.nist.gov\/iad\/mig\/\/tests\/trecvid\/2009\/doc\/EventDet09-EvalPlan-v03.htm"},{"key":"1071_CR50","first-page":"206","volume":"14","author":"C Tan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tan C, Gilbert D, Deville Y (2003) Multi-class protein fold classification using a new ensemble machine learning approach. Genome Informatics 14:206\u2013217","journal-title":"Genome Informatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1071_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2002.1000348","volume":"14","author":"KM Ting","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ting KM (2002) An Instance-Weighting Method to Induce Cost-Sensitive Trees. IEEE Trans Knowledge and Data Eng 14(3):659\u2013665","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"1071_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1976.4309452","volume":"6","author":"I Tomek","year":"1976","unstructured":"Tomek I (1976) Two modifications of CNN. IEEE Trans System Man Cybernetics 6(11):769\u2013772","journal-title":"IEEE Trans System Man Cybernetics"},{"key":"1071_CR53","unstructured":"TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation (TRECVID): http:\/\/trecvid.nist.gov\/"},{"key":"1071_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1109\/72.788640","volume":"10","author":"VN Vapnik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vapnik VN (1999) An overview of statistical learning theory. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 10:988\u2013999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"1071_CR55","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones M (2001) Robust real-time object detection, second international workshop on statistical and computational theories of vision \u2013 modeling, learning, computing and sampling, Vancouver, Canada, July, 13"},{"key":"1071_CR56","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones M (2001) Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features, International conference of computer vision and pattern recognition, Kauai, HI, USA, December, 8\u201314"},{"key":"1071_CR57","unstructured":"Wang BX, Japkowicz N (2004) Imbalanced data set learning with synthetic samples. Proc. IRIS Machine Learning Workshop"},{"issue":"1","key":"1071_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007734","volume":"6","author":"GM Weiss","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weiss GM (2004) Mining with rarity: a unifying framework. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter 6(1):7\u201319","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter"},{"key":"1071_CR59","unstructured":"Weiss GM, Provost F (2001) The effect of class distribution on classifier learning: an empirical study. Technical Report MLTR-43, Dept. of Computer Science, Rutgers Univ., 2001."},{"issue":"6","key":"1071_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001493000698","volume":"7","author":"K Woods","year":"1993","unstructured":"Woods K, Doss C, Bowyer K, Solka J, Priebe C, Kegelmeyer W (1993) Comparative evaluation of pattern recognition techniques for detection of microcalcifications in mammography. Int\u2019l J Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 7(6):1417\u20131436","journal-title":"Int\u2019l J. Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"1071_CR61","unstructured":"Wu G, Chang EY (2003) Class-boundary alignment for imbalanced dataset learning. ICML Workshop on Learning from Imbalanced Data Sets II"},{"key":"1071_CR62","unstructured":"Yang J, Jiang Y-G, Hauptmann AG (2007) etc, Evaluating bag-of-visual-words representations in scene classification[C]\/\/International Multimedia Conference, MM'07, pp.197\u2013206"},{"key":"1071_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yilmaz E, Aslam JA (2006) Estimating average precision with incomplete and imperfect judgments. in Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM). November","DOI":"10.1145\/1183614.1183633"},{"key":"1071_CR64","unstructured":"Zhang J, Mani I (2003) KNN approach to unbalanced data distributions: a case study involving information extraction. Proc. Int\u2019l Conf. Machine Learning (ICML\u20192003), Workshop Learning from Imbalanced Data Sets"},{"key":"1071_CR65","unstructured":"Zhou ZH, Liu XY (2006) On multi-class cost-sensitive learning. Proc. Nat\u2019l Conf. Artificial Intelligence, pp. 567-572"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-012-1071-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-012-1071-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-012-1071-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T02:34:12Z","timestamp":1561602852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-012-1071-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,14]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-012-1071-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,14]]}}}