{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:14:25Z","timestamp":1759032865613},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]],"date-time":"2013-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-013-1703-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,25]],"date-time":"2013-09-25T11:48:36Z","timestamp":1380109716000},"page":"885-901","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An efficient multi-threshold AdaBoost approach to detecting faces in images"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Zhong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1703_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2012.0167","volume":"6","author":"A Amjad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Amjad A, Griffiths A, Patwary MN (2012) Multiple face detection algorithm using colour skin modelling. IET Image Process 6(8):1093\u20131101","journal-title":"IET Image Process"},{"issue":"9","key":"1703_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1145\/358234.381162","volume":"27","author":"J Bently","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bently J (1984) Programming pears: algorithm design techniques. Commun ACM 27(9):865\u2013873","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1703_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-007-0060-1","volume":"77","author":"S Brubaker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brubaker S, Brandt J, Sun J, Mullin M, Rehg J (2008) On the design of cascades of boosted ensembles for face detection. Int J Comput Vis IJCV 77(1\u20133):65\u201386","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis IJCV"},{"issue":"3","key":"1703_CR4","first-page":"481","volume":"22","author":"M Castrilln-Santana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Castrilln-Santana M, Dniz-Surez O, Hernndez-Sosa D, Lorenzo J (2011) A comparison of face and facial feature detectors based on the viola-jones general object detection framework. Mach Vis Appl 22(3):481\u2013494","journal-title":"Mach Vis Appl"},{"key":"1703_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cevikalp H, Triggs B, Franc V (2013) Face and landmark detection by using cascade of classifiers. In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE international conference and workshops on automatic face and gesture recognition (FG), pp\u00a01\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2013.6553705"},{"key":"1703_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/jcss.1997.1504","volume":"55","author":"Y Freund","year":"1997","unstructured":"Freund Y, Schapire RE (1997) A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting. J Comput Syst Sci 55:119\u2013139","journal-title":"J Comput Syst Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1703_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1016218223","volume":"28","author":"J Friedman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Friedman J, Hastie T, Tibshirani R (2000) Additive logistic regression: a statistical view of boosting. Ann Stat 28(2):337\u2013407","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"1703_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang C, Ai HZ, Li Y, Lao SH (2005) Vector boosting for rotation invariant multi-view face detection. In: The tenth IEEE international conference on computer vision ICCV, pp 446\u2013453","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.246"},{"key":"1703_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang C, Ai HZ, Li Y, Lao SH (2006) Learning sparse features in granular space for multi-view face detection. In: The 7th international conference on automatic face and gesture recognition, pp\u00a0401\u2013406","DOI":"10.1109\/FGR.2006.70"},{"key":"1703_CR10","unstructured":"Jain V, Learned-Miller E (2011) Online domain adaptation of a pretrained cascade of classifiers. In: Proceedings of IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp\u00a0577\u2013584"},{"issue":"2","key":"1703_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2010.0495","volume":"6","author":"M Kawulok","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kawulok M, Szymanek J (2012) Precise multi-level face detector for advanced analysis of facial images. IET Image Process 6(2):95\u2013103","journal-title":"IET Image Process"},{"key":"1703_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li S, Zhu L, Zhang Z, Blake A, Zhang H, Shum H (2002) Statistical learning of multi-view face detection. In: Proceedings of the 7th European conference on computer vision ECCV, pp\u00a067\u201381","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47979-1_5"},{"key":"1703_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lienhar R, Kuranov A, Pisarevsky V (2003) Empirical analysis of detection cascades of boosted classifiers for rapid object detection. In: Proceedings of the 25th DAGM symposium on pattern recognition, pp\u00a0297\u2013304","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45243-0_39"},{"key":"1703_CR14","unstructured":"Liu C, Shum HY (2003) Kullback-leibler boosting. In: Proceedings of the IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp\u00a0587\u2013594"},{"key":"1703_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Overett G, Petersson L (2007) Improved response modelling on weak classifiers for boosting. In: IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, pp\u00a03799\u20133804","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2007.364061"},{"key":"1703_CR16","unstructured":"Pham M-T, Cham T-J (2007) Online learning asymmetric boosted classifiers for object detection. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp\u00a01\u20138"},{"key":"1703_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasolzadeh B, Petersson L, Pettersson N (2006) Response binning: improved weak classifiers for boosting. In: IEEE Intelligent vehicle symposium, pp\u00a0344\u2013349","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2006.1689652"},{"issue":"2","key":"1703_CR18","first-page":"197","volume":"5","author":"RE Schapire","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schapire RE (1990) The strength of weak learnability. Mach Learn 5(2):197\u2013227","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"1703_CR19","unstructured":"Schapire RE (1999) A brief introduction to boosting. In: Proceedings of the 16th international joint conference on artificial intelligence"},{"issue":"3","key":"1703_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007614523901","volume":"37","author":"RE Schapire","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schapire RE, Singer Y (1999) Improved boosting algorithms using confidence-rated predictions. Mach Learn 37(3):297\u2013336","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"issue":"3","key":"1703_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.09.005","volume":"43","author":"W-K Tsao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsao W-K, Lee AJT, Liu Y-H, Chang T-W, Lin H-H (2010) A data mining approach to face detection. Pattern Recogn 43(3):1039\u20131049","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"3","key":"1703_CR22","first-page":"1311","volume":"2","author":"P Viola","year":"2001","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones M (2001) Fast and robust classification using asymmetric adaboost and a detector cascade. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 2(3):1311\u20131318","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"1703_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones M (2001) Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp\u00a0511\u2013518","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990517"},{"key":"1703_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan C, Tian Y, Chen H, Wang X (2011) Rapid face detection algorithm of color images under complex background. In: Advances in neural networks, ISNN 2011. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 6676, pp 356\u2013363","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21090-7_42"},{"key":"1703_CR25","unstructured":"Wu B, Ai HZ, Huang C, Lao SH (2004) Fast rotation invariant multi-view face detection based on real AdaBoost. In: Proceedings of the sixth IEEE international conference on automatic face and gesture recognition, pp\u00a079\u201384"},{"issue":"3","key":"1703_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1181","volume":"30","author":"JX Wu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wu JX, Brubaker SC, Mullin MD, Rehg JM (2008) Fast asymmetric learning for cascade face detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 30(3), 369\u2013382","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"1703_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao R, Zhu H, Sun H, Tang X (2007) Dynamic cascades for face detection. In: IEEE 11th international conference on computer vision, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2007.4409043"},{"key":"1703_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Chu R, Xiang S, Liao S, Li S (2007) Face detection based on multi-block lbp representation. In: Proceedings of the international conference on advances in biometrics, pp\u00a011\u201318","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74549-5_2"},{"key":"1703_CR29","unstructured":"Zhu X, Ramanan D (2012) Face detection, pose estimation, and landmark localization in the wild. In: Proceedings of IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp\u00a02879\u20132886"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-013-1703-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-013-1703-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-013-1703-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T12:48:52Z","timestamp":1564058932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-013-1703-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-013-1703-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]]}}}