{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T05:50:37Z","timestamp":1771307437114,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3342-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T06:58:28Z","timestamp":1455692308000},"page":"6595-6622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Customer behavior classification using surveillance camera for marketing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanlei","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Kamijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3342_CR1","unstructured":"Abe S, Morimoto M, Fujii K (2010) Estimating face direction from wideview surveillance camera. In World Automation Congress (WAC), 2010 (pp. 1\u20136). IEEE"},{"issue":"2","key":"3342_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-012-1022-3","volume":"69","author":"R Benmokhtar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benmokhtar R (2014) Robust human action recognition scheme based on high-level feature fusion. Multimedia Tools Appl 69(2):253\u2013275","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl"},{"key":"3342_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C, Heili A, Odobez JM (2011). Combined estimation of location and body pose in surveillance video. In Advanced Video and Signal-Based Surveillance (AVSS), 2011 8th IEEE International Conference on (pp. 5\u201310). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2011.6027284"},{"key":"3342_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen F, Wang W (2010) Activity recognition through multi-scale dynamic bayesian network. In Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM), 2010 16th International Conference on (pp. 34\u201341). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/VSMM.2010.5665970"},{"key":"3342_CR5","first-page":"215","volume-title":"A unified framework for multi-target tracking and collective activity recognition. In computer vision\u2013ECCV","author":"W Choi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choi W, Savarese S (2012) A unified framework for multi-target tracking and collective activity recognition. In computer vision\u2013ECCV. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 215\u2013230"},{"key":"3342_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalal N, Triggs B (2005) Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005. CVPR 2005. IEEE Computer Society Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 886\u2013893). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"3342_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elmezain M, Al-Hamadi A, Michaelis B (2009) Hand trajectory-based gesture spotting and recognition using HMM. In Image Processing (ICIP), 2009 16th IEEE International Conference on (pp. 3577\u20133580). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2009.5414322"},{"key":"3342_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gandhi T, Trivedi MM (2008). Image based estimation of pedestrian orientation for improving path prediction. In Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2008 I.E. (pp. 506\u2013511). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2008.4621257"},{"issue":"1","key":"3342_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-009-0378-5","volume":"50","author":"M Goffredo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goffredo M, Bouchrika I, Carter JN, Nixon MS (2010) Performance analysis for automated gait extraction and recognition in multi-camera surveillance. Multimedia Tools Appl 50(1):75\u201394","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl"},{"key":"3342_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu Y, Kamijo S (2014) Recognition and pose estimation of urban road users from on-board camera for collision avoidance. In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2014 I.E. 17th International Conference on (pp. 1266\u20131273). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2014.6957861"},{"key":"3342_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haritaoglu I, Beymer D, Flickner M (2002) Ghost 3d: detecting body posture and parts using stereo. In Motion and Video Computing, 2002. Proceedings. Workshop on (pp. 175\u2013180). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/MOTION.2002.1182231"},{"key":"3342_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haritaoglu I, Flickner M (2001) Detection and tracking of shopping groups in stores. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2001. CVPR 2001. Proceedings of the 2001 I.E. Computer Society Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. I-431). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990507"},{"key":"3342_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haritaoglu I, Flickner M (2002) Attentive billboards: towards to video based customer behavior understanding. In Applications of Computer Vision, 2002.(WACV 2002). Proceedings. Sixth IEEE Workshop on (pp. 127\u2013131). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ACV.2002.1182169"},{"key":"3342_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu Y, Cao L, Lv F, Yan S, Gong Y, Huang TS (2009) Action detection in complex scenes with spatial and temporal ambiguities. In Computer Vision, 2009 I.E. 12th International Conference on (pp. 128\u2013135). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2009.5459153"},{"issue":"2","key":"3342_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2009.5174427","volume":"55","author":"W Lao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lao W, Han J, De With PH (2009) Automatic video-based human motion analyzer for consumer surveillance system. Consumer Electronics, IEEE Trans 55(2):591\u2013598","journal-title":"Consumer Electronics, IEEE Trans"},{"issue":"1","key":"3342_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-012-1020-5","volume":"63","author":"KD Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee KD, Nam MY, Chung KY, Lee YH, Kang UG (2013) Context and profile based cascade classifier for efficient people detection and safety care system. Multimedia Tools Appl 63(1):27\u201344","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl"},{"key":"3342_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leykin A, Tuceryan M (2007) Detecting shopper groups in video sequences. In Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2007. AVSS 2007. IEEE Conference on (pp. 417\u2013422). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2007.4425347"},{"key":"3342_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J, Shah M (2008) Learning human actions via information maximization. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008. CVPR 2008. IEEE Conference on (pp. 1\u20138). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587723"},{"key":"3342_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Migniot C, Ababsa F (2013) 3D human tracking from depth cue in a buying behavior analysis context. In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (pp. 482\u2013489). Springer Berlin Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40261-6_58"},{"key":"3342_CR20","volume-title":"Dynamic bayesian networks: representation, inference and learning","author":"KP Murphy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murphy KP (2002) Dynamic bayesian networks: representation, inference and learning. Diss. University of California, Berkeley"},{"key":"3342_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niebles JC, Fei-Fei L (2007) A hierarchical model of shape and appearance for human action classification. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2007. CVPR\u201907. IEEE Conference on (pp. 1\u20138). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383132"},{"key":"3342_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popa M, Rothkrantz L, Yang Z, Wiggers P, Braspenning R, Shan C (2010) Analysis of shopping behavior based on surveillance system. In Systems Man and Cybernetics (SMC), 2010 I.E. International Conference on (pp. 2512\u20132519). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2010.5641928"},{"key":"3342_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryoo MS, Aggarwal JK (2009) Spatio-temporal relationship match: Video structure comparison for recognition of complex human activities. In Computer vision, 2009 ieee 12th international conference on (pp. 1593\u20131600). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2009.5459361"},{"issue":"1","key":"3342_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-008-0181-1","volume":"82","author":"MS Ryoo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ryoo MS, Aggarwal JK (2009) Semantic representation and recognition of continued and recursive human activities. Int J Comput Vis 82(1):1\u201324","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"3342_CR25","unstructured":"Sae-ueng S, Ogino A, Kato T (2007) Modeling personal preference using shopping behaviors in ubiquitous information environment. DEWS2007, Mar"},{"key":"3342_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcldt C, Laptev I, Caputo B (2004) Recognizing human actions: a local SVM approach. In Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on (Vol. 3, pp. 32\u201336). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1334462"},{"key":"3342_CR27","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Combined head localization and head pose estimation for video\u2013based advanced driver assistance systems. In pattern recognition","author":"A Schulz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schulz A, Damer N, Fischer M, Stiefelhagen R (2011) Combined head localization and head pose estimation for video\u2013based advanced driver assistance systems. In pattern recognition. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 51\u201360"},{"key":"3342_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulz A, Stiefelhagen R (2012) Video-based pedestrian head pose estimation for risk assessment. In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2012 15th International IEEE Conference on (pp. 1771\u20131776). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2012.6338829"},{"key":"3342_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senior AW, Brown L, Hampapur A, Shu C-F, Zhai Y, Feris RS, Tian Y-L, Borger S, Carlson C (2007) Video analytics for retail. In Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2007. AVSS 2007. IEEE Conference on (pp. 423\u2013428)","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2007.4425348"},{"issue":"4","key":"3342_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2011.05.015","volume":"33","author":"L Shao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shao L, Ji L, Liu Y, Zhang J (2012) Human action segmentation and recognition via motion and shape analysis. Pattern Recogn Lett 33(4):438\u2013445","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"3342_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shechtman E, Irani M (2005) Space-time behavior based correlation. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005. CVPR 2005. IEEE Computer Society Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 405\u2013412). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.328"},{"key":"3342_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stan CE, Dumitrescu D, Caras V, Tiliute DE, Pop E, Anghel LE (2008) Intelligent store-an innovative technological solution for retail activities with mobile access. In Computing in the Global Information Technology, 2008. ICCGI\u201908. The Third International Multi-Conference on (pp. 7\u201311). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCGI.2008.23"},{"key":"3342_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trinh H, Fan Q, Pan J, Gabbur P, Miyazawa S, Pankanti S (2011) Detecting human activities in retail surveillance using hierarchical finite state machine. In Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2011 I.E. International Conference on (pp. 1337\u20131340). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2011.5946659"},{"issue":"2","key":"3342_CR34","first-page":"659","volume":"5","author":"T Watanabe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Watanabe T, Ito S, Yokoi K (2010) Co-occurrence histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. Information Media Technol 5(2):659\u2013667","journal-title":"Information Media Technol"},{"key":"3342_CR35","first-page":"635","volume-title":"Making action recognition robust to occlusions and viewpoint changes. In computer vision\u2013ECCV","author":"D Weinland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weinland D, \u00d6zuysal M, Fua P (2010) Making action recognition robust to occlusions and viewpoint changes. In computer vision\u2013ECCV. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 635\u2013648"},{"key":"3342_CR36","unstructured":"Yano S, Gu Y, Kamijo S (2014) Estimation of pedestrian pose and orientation using on-board camera with histograms of oriented gradients features. International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research, 1\u201310"},{"key":"3342_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao J, Odobez JM (2007) Multi-layer background subtraction based on color and texture. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2007. CVPR\u201907. IEEE Conference on (pp. 1\u20138). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383497"},{"key":"3342_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zelnik-Manor L, Irani M (2001) Event-based analysis of video. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2001. CVPR 2001. Proceedings of the 2001 I.E. Computer Society Conference on (Vol. 2, pp. II-123). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2001.990935"},{"issue":"3","key":"3342_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1145\/357994.358023","volume":"27","author":"TY Zhang","year":"1984","unstructured":"Zhang TY, Suen CY (1984) A fast parallel algorithm for thinning digital patterns. Commun ACM 27(3):236\u2013239","journal-title":"Commun ACM"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3342-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3342-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3342-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3342-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T12:00:51Z","timestamp":1748779251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3342-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3342-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]]}}}