{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:50:04Z","timestamp":1780437004883,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]],"date-time":"2016-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3617-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]],"date-time":"2016-05-23T22:36:00Z","timestamp":1464042960000},"page":"11771-11807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A computer vision-based perception system for visually impaired"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Tapu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Mocanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titus","family":"Zaharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3617_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alahi, Ortiz R, Vandergheynst P (2012) FREAK: fast retina keypoint. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2012. CVPR","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247715"},{"key":"3617_CR2","unstructured":"Ali H, Paar G, Paletta L (2007) Semantic indexing for visual recognition of buildings, 5th Int Symp Mob Mapp Technol. 6\u20139"},{"key":"3617_CR3","unstructured":"Arthur D, Vassilvitskii S (2007) K-means++: the advantages of careful seeding. In: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA, USA, pp. 1027\u20131035. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=1283383.1283494"},{"key":"3617_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baatz G, K\u00f6ser K, Chen D, Grzeszczuk R, Pollefeys M (2010) Handling urban location recognition as a 2D homothetic problem. In: Daniilidis K, Maragos P, Paragios N (eds) Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV 2010 SE - 20, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 266\u2013279. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-642-15567-3_20","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15567-3_20"},{"key":"3617_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.09.014","volume":"110","author":"H Bay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bay H, Ess A, Tuytelaars T, Van Gool L (2008) Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF). Comput Vis Image Underst 110:346\u2013359. doi: 10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.09.014","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Underst"},{"key":"3617_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Black M, Anandan P (1993) A framework for robust estimation of optical flow. In: International Conference on Computer Vision CVPR, 231\u2013236","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1993.378214"},{"key":"3617_CR7","unstructured":"Blasch BB, Wiener WR, Welsh RL (1997) Foundations of orientation and mobility. In: American Foundation for the Blind, 2nd ed., Press: New York"},{"key":"3617_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brock M, Kristensson PO (2013) Supporting blind navigation using depth sensing and sonification. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, Switzerland","DOI":"10.1145\/2494091.2494173"},{"key":"3617_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chandrasekhar VR, Chen DM, Tsai SS, Cheung NM, Chen H, Takacs G et al (2011) The Stanford Mobile Visual Search Data Set, in: Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Multimedia Systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 117\u2013122. doi: 10.1145\/1943552.1943568","DOI":"10.1145\/1943552.1943568"},{"key":"3617_CR10","unstructured":"Chaudhry, Chandra R (2015) Design of a mobile face recognition system for visually impaired persons. CoRR, vol. abs\/1502.00756"},{"key":"3617_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen DM, Baatz G, Koser K, Tsai SS, Vedantham R, Pylvanainen T et al (2011) City-scale landmark identification on mobile devices, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2011 I.E. Conference on. 737\u2013744. doi: 10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995610","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995610"},{"key":"3617_CR12","unstructured":"Chen L, Guo B, Sun W (2010) Obstacle detection system for visually impaired people based on stereo vision. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing, Shenzhen, China, 13\u201315"},{"key":"3617_CR13","unstructured":"Csurka G, Bray C, Dance C, Fan L (2004) Visual categorization with bags of keypoints, Workshop on Statistical Learning in Computer Vision, ECCV. 1\u201322"},{"key":"3617_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dakopoulos D, Boddhu SK, Bourbakis N (2007) A 2D vibration array as an assistive device for visually impaired, bioinformatics and bioengineering, 2007. BIBE 2007. Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on. 930\u2013937. doi: 10.1109\/BIBE.2007.4375670","DOI":"10.1109\/BIBE.2007.4375670"},{"key":"3617_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dakopoulos D, Bourbakis N (2008) Preserving visual information in low resolution images during navigation of visually impaired. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 27:1\u201327:6. doi: 10.1145\/1389586.1389619","DOI":"10.1145\/1389586.1389619"},{"key":"3617_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dalal N, Triggs B (2005) Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005. CVPR 2005. IEEE Computer Society Conference on. 1 886\u2013893 vol. 1. doi: 10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"3617_CR17","unstructured":"Dalal N, Triggs B (2006) Object detection using histograms of oriented gradients. In: European Conference on Computer Vision"},{"key":"3617_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Delhumeau J, Gosselin P-H, J\u00e9gou H, P\u00e9rez P (2013) Revisiting the VLAD image representation. In: ACM Multimedia, 653\u2013656","DOI":"10.1145\/2502081.2502171"},{"key":"3617_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ding C, He X (2004) K-means clustering via principal component analysis. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-First International Conference on Machine Learning, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 29\u2013. doi: 10.1145\/1015330.1015408","DOI":"10.1145\/1015330.1015408"},{"key":"3617_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"El Mobacher A, Mitri N, Awad M (2013) Entropy-based and weighted selective SIFT clustering as an energy aware framework for supervised visual recognition of man-made structures. Math Probl Eng","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/730143"},{"key":"3617_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Erhan D, Szegedy C, Toshev A, Anguelov D (2014) Scalable object detection using deep neural networks. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2155\u20132162","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.276"},{"key":"3617_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-009-0275-4","volume":"88","author":"M Everingham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Everingham M, Gool L, Williams CK, Winn J, Zisserman A (2010) The Pascal Visual Object Classes (VOC) challenge. Int J Comput Vis 88:303\u2013338. doi: 10.1007\/s11263-009-0275-4","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"3617_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farabet C, Couprie C, Najman L, LeCun Y (2013) Learning hierarchical features for scene labeling. Pattern Analysis and MachineIntelligence, IEEE Transactions on, pp. 1\u201315","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.231"},{"key":"3617_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fernando B, Fromont E, Muselet D, Sebban M (2012) Discriminative feature fusion for image classification. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3434\u20133441","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6248084"},{"key":"3617_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gauglitz S, Hollerer T, Turk M (2011) Evaluation of interest point detectors and feature descriptors for visual tracking. Int J Comput Vis, pages 1\u201326","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-011-0431-5"},{"key":"3617_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Girshick RB, Donahue J, Darrell T, Malik J (2014) Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 580\u2013587","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81"},{"key":"3617_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Girshick R, Donahue J, Darrell T, Malik J (2014) Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2014 I.E. Conference on. 580\u2013587. doi: 10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81"},{"key":"3617_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X9709100505","volume":"90","author":"RG Golledge","year":"1997","unstructured":"Golledge RG, Marston JR, Costanzo CM (1997) Attitudes of visually impaired persons towards the use of public transportation. J Vis Impair Blindness 90:446\u2013459","journal-title":"J Vis Impair Blindness"},{"key":"3617_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-01553-3","volume-title":"Visual object recognition","author":"K Grauman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grauman K, Bastian L (2011) Visual object recognition. Morgan & Claypool, San Francisco"},{"key":"3617_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gronat P, Obozinski G, Sivic J, Pajdla T (2013) Learning and calibrating per-location classifiers for visual place recognition, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2013 I.E. Conference on. 907\u2013914. doi: 10.1109\/CVPR.2013.122","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.122"},{"key":"3617_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harris C, Stephens M (1988) A combined corner and edge detector. In: Alvey Vision Conference, 147\u2013151","DOI":"10.5244\/C.2.23"},{"issue":"1","key":"3617_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.57","volume":"33","author":"H Jegou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jegou H, Douze M, Schmid C (2011) Product quantization for nearest neighbor search. In PAMI 33(1):117\u2013128","journal-title":"In PAMI"},{"key":"3617_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson LA, Higgins CM (2006) A navigation aid for the blind using tactile-visual sensory substitution. Eng Med Biol Soc 2006. EMBS\u201906. 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE. 6289\u20136292. doi: 10.1109\/IEMBS.2006.259473 .","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2006.259473"},{"key":"3617_CR34","first-page":"362","volume":"5","author":"J Jos\u00e9","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jos\u00e9 J, Farrajota M, Rodrigues Jo\u00e3o MF, Hans du Buf JM (2011) The smart vision local navigation aid for blind and visually impaired persons. Int J Digit Content Technol Appl 5:362\u2013375","journal-title":"Int J Digit Content Technol Appl"},{"key":"3617_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan A, Moideen F, Lopez J, Khoo WL, Zhu Z (2012) KinDetect: kinect detection objects. In: Computer Helping People with Special Needs, LNCS7382, 588\u2013595","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31534-3_86"},{"key":"3617_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2013.2262926","volume":"7","author":"BC Kuo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuo BC, Ho HH, Li CH, Hung CC, Taur JS (2014) A kernel-based feature selection method for SVM with RBF kernel for hyperspectral image classification, selected topics in applied earth observations and remote sensing. IEEE J 7:317\u2013326. doi: 10.1109\/JSTARS.2013.2262926","journal-title":"IEEE J"},{"key":"3617_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lampert CH, Blaschko MB, Hofmann T (2008) Beyond sliding windows: object localization by efficient subwindow search, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008. CVPR 2008. IEEE Conference on. 1\u20138. doi: 10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587586","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587586"},{"key":"3617_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee JJ, Kim G (2007) Robust estimation of camera homography using fuzzy RANSAC. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications - Volume Part I, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 992\u20131002. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=1802834.1802930","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74472-6_81"},{"key":"3617_CR39","unstructured":"Lepetit CV, Strecha C, Fua P () BRIEF: binary robust independent elementary features. 11th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), Heraklion, Crete. LNCS Springer, September 2010"},{"key":"3617_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leutenegger S, Chli M, Siegwart R (2011) Brisk: binary robust invariant scalable keypoints. IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126542"},{"key":"3617_CR41","unstructured":"Li J, Allinson NM (2009) Dimensionality reduction-based building recognition. In: 9th IASTED International Conference on Visualization"},{"key":"3617_CR42","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Q Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin Q, Hahn HS, Han YJ (2013) Top-view based guidance for blind people using directional ellipse model. Int J Adv Robot Syst 1:1\u201310","journal-title":"Int J Adv Robot Syst"},{"key":"3617_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lowe DG (1999) Object recognition from local scale-invariant features, Computer Vision, 1999. The Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on. 2, 1150\u20131157 vol.2. doi: 10.1109\/ICCV.1999.790410","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1999.790410"},{"key":"3617_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94","volume":"60","author":"D Lowe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lowe D (2004) Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int J Comput Vis 60:91\u2013110. doi: 10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"3617_CR45","unstructured":"Lucas B, Kanade T (1981) An iterative technique of image registration and its application to stereo. In: IJCAI\u201981 Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence, 2, 674\u2013679"},{"key":"3617_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manduchi R (2012) Mobile vision as assistive technology for the blind: an experimental study. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs - Volume Part II, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 9\u201316. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-642-31534-3_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31534-3_2"},{"key":"3617_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2004.02.006","volume":"22","author":"J Matas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matas J, Chum O, Urban M, Pajdla T (2004) Robust wide-baseline stereo from maximally stable external regions. Image Vis Comput 22:761\u2013767. doi: 10.1016\/j.imavis.2004.02.006","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"key":"3617_CR48","unstructured":"Meers S, Ward K (2005) A substitute vision system for providing 3D perception and GPS navigation via electro-tactile stimulation. In: 1st International Conference on Sensing Technology, 21\u201323"},{"key":"3617_CR49","unstructured":"Muja M, Lowe DG (2009) Fast approximate nearest neighbors with automatic algorithm configuration. In: VISAPP International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications, pp. 331\u2013340"},{"key":"3617_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oneata D, Revaud J, Verbeek J, Schmid C (2014) Spatio-temporal object detection proposals. Europeean Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2014 - European Conference on Computer Vision, volume 8691, pages 737\u2013752, Zurich, Switzerland, Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10578-9_48"},{"key":"3617_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pascolini D, Mariotti SP (2012) Global data on visual impairments 2010, in: World Health Organization, Geneva","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539"},{"key":"3617_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peng E, Peursum P, Li L, Venkatesh S (2010) A smartphone-based obstacle sensor for the visually impaired. In: Yu Z, Liscano R, Chen G, Zhang D, Zhou X (eds) Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing SE - 45, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 590\u2013604. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-642-16355-5_45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16355-5_45"},{"issue":"1","key":"3617_CR53","first-page":"37","volume":"2","author":"DMW Powers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Powers DMW (2011) Evaluation: from precision, recall and F measure to roc, informedness, markedness and correlation. J Mach Learn Technol 2(1):37\u201363","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Technol"},{"key":"3617_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pradeep V, Medioni G, Weiland J (2010) Robot vision for the visually impaired, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), 2010 I.E. Computer Society Conference on. 15\u201322. doi: 10.1109\/CVPRW.2010.5543579","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2010.5543579"},{"key":"3617_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rister B, Wang G, Wu M, Cavallaro JR (2013) A fast and efficient sift detector using the mobile GPU, Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2013 I.E. International Conference on. 2674\u20132678. doi: 10.1109\/ICASSP.2013.6638141","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2013.6638141"},{"key":"3617_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17476","DOI":"10.3390\/s121217476","volume":"12","author":"A Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez A, Yebes JJ, Alcantarilla PF, Bergasa LM, Almaz\u00e1n J, Cela A (2012) Assisting the visually impaired: obstacle detection and warning system by acoustic feedback. Sensors 12:17476\u201317496. doi: 10.3390\/s121217476","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"3617_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rosa S, Paleari M, Ariano P, Bona B (2012) Object tracking with adaptive HOG detector and adaptive Rao-Blackwellised particle filter. Proceedings of SPIE 8301, Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXIX: Algorithms and Techniques, 83010\u00a0W. doi: 10.1117\/12.911991","DOI":"10.1117\/12.911991"},{"key":"3617_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rublee E, Rabaud V, Konolige K, Bradski G (2011) ORB: an efficient alternative to SIFT or SURF. Computer Vision (ICCV), 2011 I.E. International Conference on, vol., no., pp. 2564\u20132571, 6\u201313","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126544"},{"key":"3617_CR59","unstructured":"Saez JM, Escolano F (2008) Stereo-based aerial obstacle detection for the visually impaired. In: Workshop on Computer Vision Applications for the Visually Impaired, Marselle, France"},{"key":"3617_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saez JM, Escolano F, Penalver A (2005) First steps towards stereo-based 6DOF SLAM for the visually impaired, computer vision and pattern recognition - workshops, 2005. CVPR Workshops. IEEE Computer Society Conference on. 23. doi: 10.1109\/CVPR.2005.461","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.461"},{"key":"3617_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2005.06.005","volume":"7","author":"G Sainarayanan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sainarayanan G, Nagarajan R, Yaacob S (2007) Fuzzy image processing scheme for autonomous navigation of human blind. Appl Soft Comput 7:257\u2013264","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"3617_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shao H, Svoboda1 T, Tuytelaars T, Van Gool L (2003) HPAT indexing for fast object\/scene recognition based on local appearance. In: E. Bakker, M. Lew, T. Huang, N. Sebe, X. Zhou (Eds.), Image and Video Retrieval SE - 8, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 71\u201380. doi: 10.1007\/3-540-45113-7_8","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45113-7_8"},{"key":"3617_CR63","unstructured":"Szegedy C, Toshev A, Erhan D (2013) Deep neural networks for object detection. In: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 2553\u20132561"},{"key":"3617_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Takizawa H, Yamaguchi S, Aoyagi M, Ezaki N, Mizuno S (2012) Kinect cane: an assistive system for the visually impaired based on three-dimensional object recognition. In Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on System Integration, Japan","DOI":"10.1109\/SII.2012.6426936"},{"key":"3617_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tian Y, Yang X, Arditi A (2010) Computer vision-based door detection for accessibility of unfamiliar environments to blind persons. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs, Springer LNCS, vol. 6180, pp. 263\u2013270","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14100-3_39"},{"key":"3617_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tong S, Chang E (2001) Support vector machine active learning for image retrieval. In: Proceedings of the Ninth ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 107\u2013118. doi: 10.1145\/500141.500159","DOI":"10.1145\/500141.500159"},{"key":"3617_CR67","first-page":"589","volume":"3952","author":"O Tuzel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tuzel O, Porikli F, Meer P (2006) Region covariance: \u201ca fast descriptor for detection and classification\u201d. In ECCV 3952:589\u2013600","journal-title":"In ECCV"},{"key":"3617_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van de Sande KEA, Uijlings JRR, Gevers T, Smeulders AWM (2011) Segmentation As Selective Search for Object Recognition, in: Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 1879\u20131886. doi: 10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126456","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126456"},{"key":"3617_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vinyals A, Toshev A, Bengio S, Erhan D (2015) Show and tell: a neural image caption generator. In: International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298935"},{"key":"3617_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang HC et al (2015) Bridging text spotting and SLAM with junction features. Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2015 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on, Hamburg, pp. 3701\u20133708","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2015.7353895"},{"key":"3617_CR71","unstructured":"Yu JH, Chung HI, Hahn HS (2009) Walking assistance system for sight impaired people based on a multimodal transformation technique. In Proceedings of the ICROS-SICE International Joint Conference, Japan"},{"key":"3617_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang W (2005) Localization based on building recognition. In: IEEE Workshop on Applications for Visually Impaired, pp. 21\u201328","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.489"},{"key":"3617_CR73","unstructured":"Zhang M, Zhou Z (2005) A k-nearest neighbor based algorithm for multilabel classification. In: IEEE International Conference on Granular Computing 2, 718\u2013721"},{"key":"3617_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2011.03.035","volume":"74","author":"C Zhao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhao C, Liu C, Lai Z (2011) Multi-scale gist feature manifold for building recognition. Neurocomput 74:2929\u20132940. doi: 10.1016\/j.neucom.2011.03.035","journal-title":"Neurocomput"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3617-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3617-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3617-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3617-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T02:42:57Z","timestamp":1656556977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3617-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3617"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-016-3617-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]]}}}