{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:47:32Z","timestamp":1762004852128,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479427200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-4151-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T08:03:17Z","timestamp":1479456197000},"page":"25547-25561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Segmentation of connected characters in text-based CAPTCHAs for intelligent character recognition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Rafaqat","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riaz Ahmed","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4151_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1145\/966389.966390","volume":"47","author":"LV Ahn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ahn LV, Blum M, John L (2004) Telling humans and computers apart automatically. Commun ACM 47(2):56\u201360","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"4151_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blumenstein M, Verma B, Basli H (2003) A novel feature extraction technique for the recognition of segmented handwritten characters. In: Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings. Seventh International Conference (pp. 137\u2013141). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2003.1227647"},{"key":"4151_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bursztein E, Martin M, Mitchell J (2011) Text-based CAPTCHA strengths and weaknesses. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security, pp. 125\u2013138. ACM","DOI":"10.1145\/2046707.2046724"},{"key":"4151_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandavale AA, Sapkal A (2012) A new approach towards segmentation for breaking CAPTCHA. In: International Conference on Security in Computer Networks and Distributed Systems (pp. 323\u2013335). Springer Berlin Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34135-9_33"},{"key":"4151_CR5","series-title":"Human Interactive Proofs pp. 1\u201326","volume-title":"Building segmentation based human-friendly human interaction proofs (HIPs)","author":"K Chellapilla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chellapilla K, Larson K, Simard PY, Czerwinski M (2005) Building segmentation based human-friendly human interaction proofs (HIPs), Human Interactive Proofs pp. 1\u201326. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg"},{"key":"4151_CR6","unstructured":"El Ahmad AS, Yan J, Tayara M (2011) The robustness of Google CAPTCHA\u2019s. Computing Science, Newcastle University"},{"key":"4151_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang K, Bu Z, Xia ZY (2012) Segmentation of CAPTCHAs based on complex networks. In: International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence (pp. 735\u2013743). Springer Berlin Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33478-8_91"},{"issue":"1","key":"4151_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ifs.2014.0381","volume":"10","author":"H Gao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao H, Wang X, Cao F, Zhang Z, Lei L, Qi J, Liu X (2016) Robustness of text-based completely automated public turing test to tell computers and humans apart. IET Inf Secur 10(1):45\u201352","journal-title":"IET Inf Secur"},{"issue":"2","key":"4151_CR9","first-page":"347","volume":"30","author":"H Gao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gao H, Wang W, Fan Y, Qi J, Liu X (2014) The Robustness of \u201cConnecting Characters Together\u201d CAPTCHAs. J Inf Sci Eng 30(2):347\u2013369","journal-title":"J Inf Sci Eng"},{"key":"4151_CR10","unstructured":"Gaurav DD, Ramesh R (2012). A feature extraction technique based on character geometry for character recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1202.3884"},{"issue":"2","key":"4151_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-009-0341-5","volume":"48","author":"SY Huang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huang SY, Lee YK, Bell G, Ou ZH (2010) \u201cAn efficient segmentation algorithm for CAPTCHAs\u201d, with line cluttering and character warping. Multimed Tools Appl 48(2):267\u2013289","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"4151_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mori G, Malik J (2003) Recognizing objects in adversarial clutter: Breaking a visual CAPTCHA. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, (Vol. 1, pp. I-134). Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2003.1211347"},{"key":"4151_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(75)90044-8","volume":"11","author":"N Otsu","year":"1975","unstructured":"Otsu N (1975) A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. Automatica 11:285\u2013296","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"4151_CR14","first-page":"265","volume":"17","author":"PY Simard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Simard PY (2004) Using machine learning to break visual human interaction proofs. Adv Neural Inf Proces Syst 17:265\u2013272","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Proces Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"4151_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.09.006","volume":"48","author":"O Starostenko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Starostenko O, Cruz-Perez C, Uceda-Ponga F, Alarcon-Aquino V (2015) Breaking text-based CAPTCHAs with variable word and character orientation. Pattern Recogn 48(4):1101\u20131112","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"4151_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan J, El Ahmad AS (2008) A low-cost attack on a microsoft CAPTCHA. In: Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security (pp. 543\u2013554) ACM","DOI":"10.1145\/1455770.1455839"},{"issue":"3","key":"4151_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1145\/357994.358023","volume":"27","author":"TY Zhang","year":"1984","unstructured":"Zhang TY, Suen CY (1984) A fast parallel algorithm for thinning digital patterns. Commun ACM 27(3):236\u2013239","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"4151_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang H, Wen X (2014) The recognition of CAPTCHA based on fuzzy matching. In: Foundations of Intelligent Systems (pp. 759\u2013768). Springer Berlin Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54924-3_71"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-016-4151-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-016-4151-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-016-4151-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T18:39:20Z","timestamp":1749753560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-016-4151-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-016-4151-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1380-7501"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7721"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]]}}}