{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T21:44:06Z","timestamp":1770068646101,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-5701-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T08:23:46Z","timestamp":1519633426000},"page":"24843-24864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Abnormal events\u2019 detection in crowded scenes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2357-6817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariem","family":"Gnouma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ridha","family":"Ejbali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mourad","family":"Zaied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"5701_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.70825","volume":"30","author":"A Adam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Adam A, Rivlin E, Shimshoni I, Reinitz D (2008) Robust real-time unusual event detection using multiple fixed-location monitors. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 30:555\u2013560","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"5701_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benezeth Y, Jodoin PM, Saligrama V, Rosenberger C (2009) Abnormal events detection based on spatio-temporal co-occurences. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, CVPR, pp 2458\u20132465","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206686"},{"issue":"3","key":"5701_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2010.10.008","volume":"32","author":"Y Benezeth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Benezeth Y, Jodoin P-M, Saligrama V (2011) Abnormality detection using low-level co-occurring events. Pattern Recognit Lett 32(3):423431","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Lett"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"5701_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-016-0800-8","volume":"28","author":"S Biswas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Biswas S, Gupta V (2017) Abnormality detection in crowd videos by tracking sparse components. Mach Vis Appl 28(1-2):35\u201348","journal-title":"Mach Vis Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"5701_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-006-0009-9","volume":"74","author":"O Boiman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boiman O, Irani M (2007) Detecting irregularities in images and in video. Int J Comput Vis 74(1):17\u201331","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"5701_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao T, Wu X, Guo J, Yu S, Xu Y (2009) Abnormal crowd motion analysis. In: IEEE international conference on robotics and biomimetics (ROBIO) 2009, IEEE, Guilin, pp 1709\u20131714","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBIO.2009.5420408"},{"key":"5701_CR7","first-page":"866","volume":"3","author":"PP Chaturvedi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chaturvedi PP, Rajput AS, Jain A (2013) Video object tracking based on automatic background segmentation and updating using RBF neural network. International Journal of Advanced Computer Research 3:866","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Computer Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"5701_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2016.2637778","volume":"27","author":"RVHM Colque","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colque RVHM, Caetano C, De Andrade MTL et al (2017) Histograms of optical flow orientation and magnitude and entropy to detect anomalous events in videos. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 27(3):673\u2013682","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"key":"5701_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cong Y, Yuan J, Liu J (2011) Sparse reconstruction cost for abnormal event detection. In: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2011 IEEE Conference on. IEEE, 2011. pp 3449\u20133456","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995434"},{"key":"5701_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Direkoglu C, Sah M, O\u2019Connor NE (2017) Abnormal crowd behavior detection using novel optical flow-based features. In: 14th IEEE international conference on advanced video and signal based surveillance (AVSS), 2017. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2017.8078503"},{"key":"5701_CR11","unstructured":"Direkoglu C, Sah M, O\u2019Connor NE (2017) Abnormal crowd behavior detection using novel optical flow-based features. In: Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), 2017 14th IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2017. pp 1\u20136"},{"key":"5701_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drews P, Quintas J, Dias J et al (2010) Crowd behavior analysis under cameras network fusion using probabilistic methods. In: 13th conference on information fusion (FUSION), p 18","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIF.2010.5712106"},{"issue":"22","key":"5701_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14617","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3316-3","volume":"75","author":"Z Fang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fang Z, Fei F, Fang Y et al (2016) Abnormal event detection in crowded scenes based on deep learning. Multimedia Tools and Applications 75(22):14617\u201314639","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"key":"5701_CR14","unstructured":"Hauhan AK, Krishan P (2013) Moving object tracking using gaussian mixture model and optical flow. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 3(4)"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"5701_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(81)90024-2","volume":"17","author":"BKP Horn","year":"1981","unstructured":"Horn BKP, Schunck BG (1981) Determining optical flow. Artif Intell 17 (1\u20133):185\u2013203","journal-title":"Artif Intell"},{"key":"5701_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu M, Ali S, Shah M (2008) Detecting global motion patterns in complex videos. In: 19th international conference on pattern recognition. ICPR 2008. IEEE, pp 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2008.4760950"},{"key":"5701_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu Y, Zhang Y, Davis L (2013) Unsupervised abnormal crowd activity detection using semiparametric scan statistic. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, pp 767\u2013774","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2013.115"},{"key":"5701_CR18","first-page":"66","volume":"27","author":"J Junior","year":"2010","unstructured":"Junior J, Mussef S, Jung C (2010) Crowd analysis using computer vision techniques. IEEE Signal Process 27:66\u201377","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process"},{"key":"5701_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaviani R, Ahmadi P, Gholampour I (2014) Incorporating fully sparse topic models for abnormality detection in traffic videos. In: Proceeding of the international econference on computer and knowledge engineering, Mashhad, Iran, pp 586\u2013591","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCKE.2014.6993441"},{"key":"5701_CR20","unstructured":"Khatrouch M, Gnouma M, Ejbali R, Zaied M (2017) Deep learning architecture for recognition of abnormal activities. In: The 10th international conference on machine vision, Vienna, Austria"},{"key":"5701_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim J, Grauman K (2009) Observe locally, infer globally: a space-time MRF for detecting abnormal activities with incremental updates. In: Proceeding of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2921\u20132928","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206569"},{"key":"5701_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kratz L, Nishino K (2010) Tracking with local spatio-temporal motion patterns in extremely crowded scenes. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), 2010. IEEE, pp 693\u2013700","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5540149"},{"issue":"5","key":"5701_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9871002","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.173","volume":"34","author":"L Kratz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kratz L, Nishino K (2012) Tracking pedestrians using local spatio-temporal motion patterns in extremely crowded scenes. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 34 (5):9871002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"24","key":"5701_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-4115-6","volume":"76","author":"A Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li A, Miao Z, Cen Y et al (2017) Anomaly detection using sparse reconstruction in crowded scenes. Multimedia Tools and Applications 76(24):26249\u201326271","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"key":"5701_CR25","unstructured":"Li J, Hospedales TM, Gong S, Xiang T (2010) Learning rare behaviours. In: Proceeding of the Asian conference on computer vision, Queenstown, New Zealand, pp 293\u2013307"},{"issue":"1","key":"5701_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.111","volume":"36","author":"W Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li W, Mahadevan V, Vasconcelos N (2014) Anomaly detection and localization in crowded scenes. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 36(1):18\u201332","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"5701_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu C, Shi J, Jia J (2013) Abnormal event detection at 150 fps in matlab. In: IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV), 2013, IEEE 27202727","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.338"},{"key":"5701_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu C, Shi J, Jia J (2013) Abnormal event detection at 150 fps in matlab. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, pp 2720\u20132727","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.338"},{"key":"5701_CR29","unstructured":"Lui X, Rittscher J, Perera A, Krahnstoever N (2005) Detecting and counting people in surveillance applications. In: Advanced video and signal based surveillance, pp 306\u2013311"},{"key":"5701_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahadevan V, Li W, Bhalodia V, Masconcelos V (2010) Anomaly detection in crowded scenes. In: Proceeding of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5539872"},{"issue":"5","key":"5701_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.7763\/IJCTE.2016.V8.1078","volume":"8","author":"G Mariem","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mariem G, Ridha E, Mourad Z (2016) Detection of abnormal movements of a crowd in a video scene. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 8 (5):398","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering"},{"key":"5701_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques JS, Jorge PM, Abrantes AJ, Lemos JM (2003) Tracking groups of pedestrians in video sequences. In: IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, vol 9, p 101101","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2003.10103"},{"key":"5701_CR33","unstructured":"Marzat J (2008) INRIA - Estimation temps r\u00e9el du flot optique, ISA"},{"key":"5701_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehran R, Oyama A, Shah M (2009) Abnormal crowd behavior detection using social force model. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2009. CVPR 2009. IEEE, pp 935\u2013942","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206641"},{"key":"5701_CR35","unstructured":"Mousse AM (2016) Reconnaissance dactivits humaines partir de squences multi-camras: application la detection de chute de personne. Universit du Littoral-Cted\u2019Opale"},{"issue":"3","key":"5701_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-013-1593-7","volume":"72","author":"Y Nam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nam Y (2014) Crowd flux analysis and abnormal event detection in unstructured and structured scenes. Multimedia Tools and Applications 72(3):3001\u20133029","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"key":"5701_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fict.2017.00010","volume":"4","author":"J-M P\u00e9rez-R\u00faa","year":"2017","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-R\u00faa J-M, Basset A, Bouthemy P (2017) Detection and localization of anomalous motion in video sequences from local histograms of labeled affine flows. Frontiers in ICT 4:10","journal-title":"Frontiers in ICT"},{"key":"5701_CR38","unstructured":"PETS Dataset. http:\/\/www.cvg.reading.ac.uk\/PETS2009\/a.html"},{"key":"5701_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rao AS, Gubbi J, Rajasegarar S, Marusic S, Palaniswami M (2014) Detection Of anomalous crowd behaviour using hyperspherical clustering. In: International conference on digital lmage computing: techniques and applications (DlCTA). IEEE, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/DICTA.2014.7008100"},{"key":"5701_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues de Almeida I, Jung CR (2013) Change detection in human crowds. In: Proceeding of the conference on graphics, patterns and images, pp 63\u201369","DOI":"10.1109\/SIBGRAPI.2013.18"},{"issue":"10","key":"5701_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2013.06.007","volume":"117","author":"MJ Roshtkhari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roshtkhari MJ, Levine MD (2013) An on-line, real-time learning method for detecting anomalies in videos using spatio-temporal compositions. Comput Vis Image Underst 117(10):1436\u20131452","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Underst"},{"key":"5701_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ryan D, Denman S, Fookes C, Clinton B, Sridharan S (2011) Textures of optical flow for real-time anomaly detection in crowds. In: 2011 8th IEEE international conference on advanced video and signal based surveillance (AVSS), pp 230\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/AVSS.2011.6027327","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2011.6027327"},{"issue":"2","key":"5701_CR43","first-page":"114","volume":"3","author":"DHH Santosh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Santosh DHH, Venkatesh P, Poornesh P, Rao LN, Kumar NA (2013) Tracking multiple moving objects using gaussian mixture model. International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) 3(2):114\u2013119","journal-title":"International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE)"},{"key":"5701_CR44","unstructured":"Shah AJ (2016) Abnormal behavior detection using tensor factorization. (Doctoral Dissertation, Cole de Technologie Suprieure)"},{"key":"5701_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi Y, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Yi Y, Li W (2016) Saliency-based abnormal event detection in crowded scenes. J Electron Imaging 25(6)","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.25.6.061608"},{"key":"5701_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tu P, Sebastian T, Doretto G, Krahnstoever N, Rittscher J, Yu T (2008) Unified crowd segmentation. In: European conference on computer vision, vol 5305, pp 691\u2013704","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88693-8_51"},{"key":"5701_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tziakos I, Cavallaro A, Xu LQ (2010) Local abnormality detection in video using subspace learning. In: Seventh IEEE international conference on advanced video and signal based surveillance (AVSS), 2010, pp 519\u2013525","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2010.70"},{"key":"5701_CR48","unstructured":"University of Reading, PETS 2009 Dataset S3 Rapid Dispersion, available from http:\/\/www.cvg.reading.ac.uk\/PETS2009\/a.html"},{"key":"5701_CR49","unstructured":"Unusual crowd activity dataset of University of Minnesota, from http:\/\/mha.cs.umn.edu\/movies\/crowdactivity-all.avi"},{"key":"5701_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varadarajan J, Odobez J-M (2009) Topic models for scene analysis and abnormality detection. In: Proceeding of the international conference on computer vision workshops, Kyoto, Japan, pp 1338\u2013 1345","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2009.5457456"},{"key":"5701_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2015.08.010","volume":"144","author":"J Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang J, Xu Z (2016) Spatio-temporal texture modelling for real-time crowd anomaly detection. Comput Vis Image Underst 144:177\u2013187","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Underst"},{"issue":"6","key":"5701_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2315971","volume":"9","author":"T Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang T, Snoussi H (2014) Detection of abnormal visual events via global optical flow orientation histogram. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 9(6):988\u2013998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"5701_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu S, Moore BE, Shah M (2010) Chaotic invariants of lagrangian particle trajectories for anomaly detection in crowded scenes. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2054\u20132060","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5539882"},{"issue":"1","key":"5701_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2013.2276151","volume":"24","author":"S Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu S, Wong HS, Yu Z (2014) A bayesian model for crowd escape behavior detection. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 24(1):85\u201398","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"key":"5701_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.06.011","volume":"143","author":"D Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu D, Song R, Wu X, Li N, Feng W, Qian H (2014) Video anomaly detection based on a hierarchical activity discovery within spatio-temporal contexts. Neurocomputing 143:144\u2013152","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"5701_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-008-0132-4","volume":"19","author":"B Zhan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhan B, Monekosso DN, Remagnino P, Velastin SA, Il-Qun X (2008) Crowd analysis: a survey. Mach Vis Appl 19(5\u20136):345\u2013357","journal-title":"Mach Vis Appl"},{"issue":"12","key":"5701_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-015-2648-8","volume":"75","author":"T Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang T, Yang Z, Jia W et al (2016) A new method for violence detection in surveillance scenes. Multimedia Tools and Applications 75(12):7327\u20137349","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"key":"5701_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Qin L, Yao H et al (2012) Abnormal crowd behavior detection based on social attribute-aware force model. In: 19th IEEE international conference on image processing (ICIP), 2012. IEEE, pp 2689\u20132692","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2012.6467453"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-018-5701-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-018-5701-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-018-5701-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T17:35:26Z","timestamp":1570815326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-018-5701-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-018-5701-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 June 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}