{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T20:59:53Z","timestamp":1762376393749},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6075-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T12:03:43Z","timestamp":1525953823000},"page":"28949-28968","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Markov based image forgery detection approach by analyzing CFA artifacts"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Amneet","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gurinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kulbir","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"6075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayram S, Sencar HT, Memon N, and Avcibas I (2005) Source camera identification based on CFA interpolation, in Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on image processing 2005 (ICIP \u201805), pp. 69\u201372, September","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2005.1530330"},{"key":"6075_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diin.2008.06.004","volume":"5","author":"S Bayram","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bayram S, Sencar HT, Memon N (2008) Classification of digital camera-models based on demosaicing artifacts. Digit Investig 5:46\u201359","journal-title":"Digit Investig"},{"key":"6075_CR3","unstructured":"Bunk J, Bappy JH, Mohammed TM, Nataraj L, Flenner A, Manjunath BS, Chandrasekran S, Chowdhury AKR, and Peterson L (2017) Detection and localization of image forgeries using resampling features and deep learning, in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), pp. 1881\u20131889"},{"issue":"4","key":"6075_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2009.2033749","volume":"4","author":"H Cao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cao H, Kot A (2009) Accurate detection of demosaicing regularity for digital image forensics. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 4(4):899\u2013910","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"6075_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao H, Kot AC (2009) Accurate detection of demosaicing regularity from output images, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS \u201809), pp. 497\u2013500, IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2009.5117794"},{"issue":"6","key":"6075_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2009.10.106","volume":"283","author":"A Cheddad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cheddad A, Condell J, Curran K, McKevitt P (2010) A hash-based image encryption algorithm. Opt Commun 283(6):879\u2013893","journal-title":"Opt Commun"},{"key":"6075_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"vol B 39","author":"AP Dempster","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dempster AP, Laird NM, Rubin DB (1977) Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society vol B 39:1\u201338","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society"},{"issue":"8","key":"6075_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2010.12.016","volume":"16","author":"S Deng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deng S, Zhan Y, Xiao D, Li Y (2011) Analysis and improvement of a hash-based image encryption algorithm. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 16(8):3269\u20133278","journal-title":"Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul"},{"key":"6075_CR9","unstructured":"Dirik AE, Memon N (2009) Image tamper detection based on demosaicing artifacts, in 16th IEEE international conference on image processing (ICIP \u201809), pp. 11\u201320"},{"key":"6075_CR10","unstructured":"Fan N, Jin C, and Huang Y (2009) A pixel-based digital photo authentication framework via demosaicking inter-pixel correlation, in 11th ACM Multimedia and Security Workshop (MM&Sec \u201809), pp. 125\u2013129"},{"issue":"5","key":"6075_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2012.2202227","volume":"7","author":"P Ferrara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferrara P, Bianchi T, De Rosa A, Piva A (2012) Image forgery localization via fine-grained analysis of CFA artifacts. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 7(5):1566\u20131577","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"6075_CR12","unstructured":"Gallagher AC (2005) Detection of linear and cubic interpolation JPEG compressed images, in Computer and Robot Vision, Canadian Conference, vol. 0, pp. 65\u201372"},{"key":"6075_CR13","unstructured":"Gallagher AC, Chen T (2008) Image authentication by detecting traces of demosaicing, in IEEE computer vision and pattern recognition workshop ((CVPRW 2008), pp. 21\u201325"},{"issue":"4","key":"6075_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2010.2077628","volume":"5","author":"YF Hsu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hsu YF, Chang SF (2010) Camera response functions for image forensics: an automatic algorithm for splicing detection. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 5(4):816\u2013825","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"6075_CR15","unstructured":"Kirchner M (2008) Fast and reliable resampling detection by spectral analysis of fixed linear prediction residue, in 10th ACM Multimedia and Security Workshop (MM&Sec \u201808), pp. 11\u201320"},{"key":"6075_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirchner M (2010) Efficient estimation of CFA pattern configuration in digital camera images, in Proceedings of the Media Forensics and Security II, part of the IS&T-SPIE Electronic Imaging Symposium, N. D. Memon, J. Dittmann, A. M. Alattar, and E. J. Delp, Eds., vol. 7541 of Proceedings of SPIE","DOI":"10.1117\/12.839102"},{"key":"6075_CR17","unstructured":"Li W, Yuan Y, and Nenghai Y (2008) Detecting copy-paste forgery of JPEG image via block artifact grid extraction, in International workshop on local and non-local approximation in image processing, pp. 1\u20136"},{"issue":"2","key":"6075_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-013-1051-x","volume":"72","author":"Y Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li Y, Graham D, Zhou G, Qi X, Deng S, Xiao D (2013) Discrete-time markov model for wireless link burstiness simulations. Wirel Pers Commun 72(2):987\u20131004","journal-title":"Wirel Pers Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"6075_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2656823","volume":"12","author":"H Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li H, Luo W, Qiu X, Huang J (2017) Image forgery localization via integrating tampering possibility maps. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 12(5):1240\u20131252","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"issue":"14","key":"6075_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18269","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5374-6","volume":"77","author":"Yaqi Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Guan Q, and Zhao X (2017) Copy-move forgery detection based on convolutional kernel network. Multimed Tools Appl 1\u201325. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-017-5374-6","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"key":"6075_CR21","unstructured":"Luo W, Jiwu H, Guoping Q (2006) Robust detection of region-duplication forgery in digital image, in 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2006), vol. 4. IEEE"},{"key":"6075_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKay C, Swaminathan A, Gou H, and Wu M (2008) Image acquisition forensics: forensic analysis to identify imaging source, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP \u201808), pp. 1657\u20131660, IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2008.4517945"},{"issue":"1","key":"6075_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diin.2012.04.004","volume":"9","author":"G Muhammad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muhammad G, Hussain M, Bebis G (2012) Passive copy move image forgery detection using undecimated dyadic wavelet transform. Digit Investig 9(1):49\u201357","journal-title":"Digit Investig"},{"key":"6075_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-16435-4_13","volume-title":"Information Hiding","author":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 Pevn\u00fd","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pevny T, Filler T, Bas P (2010) Using high-dimensional image models to perform highly undetectable steganography, in Proceedings of International Workshop on Information Hiding, pp. 161\u2013177"},{"key":"6075_CR25","unstructured":"Photo tampering throughout history (2012) \n                    http:\/\/www.fourandsix.com\/photo-tampering-history\/"},{"key":"6075_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3948","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2005.855406","volume":"53","author":"AC Popescu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Popescu AC, Farid H (2005) Exposing digital forgeries in color filter array interpolation images. IEEE Trans Signal Process 53:3948\u20133959","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"6075_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2004.839932","volume":"53","author":"AC Popescu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Popescu AC, Farid H (2005) Exposing digital forgeries by detecting traces of resampling. IEEE Trans Signal Process 53(2):758\u2013767","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"issue":"10","key":"6075_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3948","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2005.855406","volume":"53","author":"AC Popescu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Popescu AC, Farid H (2005) Exposing digital forgeries in color filter array interpolated images. IEEE Trans Signal Process 53(10):3948\u20133959","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"key":"6075_CR29","unstructured":"Shi YQ, Chen C, and Chen W (2006) A Markov Process based approach to effective attacking JPEG steganography, in International Workshop on Information Hiding, springer berlin Heidelberg, pp. 249\u2013254"},{"issue":"1","key":"6075_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-4290-5","volume":"77","author":"Gurinder Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh G, Singh K (2016) Forensics for partially double compressed doctored JPEG images, Multimedia Tools and Applications, pp. 1\u201318","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"key":"6075_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.06.003","volume":"277","author":"G Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh G, Singh K (2017) Improved JPEG anti-forensics with better image visual quality and forensic undetectability. Forensic Sci Int 277:133\u2013147","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"6075_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2006.890307","volume":"2","author":"A Swaminathan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Swaminathan A, Wu M, Liu KR (2007) Nonintrusive component forensics of visual sensors using output images. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 2(1):91\u2013106","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"issue":"1","key":"6075_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2007.916010","volume":"3","author":"A Swaminathan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swaminathan A, Wu M, Liu KJR (2008) Digital image forensics via intrinsic fingerprints. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 3(1):101\u2013117","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"6075_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie X, and Livermore C (2016) A pivot-hinged, multilayer SU-8 micro motion amplifier assembled by a self-aligned approach, in Proceedings of the IEEE 29th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMSYS.2016.7421561"},{"key":"6075_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie X, and Livermore C (2017) Passively self-aligned assembly of compact barrel hinges for high-performance, out-of-plane mems actuators, in Proceedings of the IEEE 30th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMSYS.2017.7863532"},{"issue":"12","key":"6075_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/24\/12\/125014","volume":"24","author":"X Xie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xie X, Zaitsev Y, Vel\u00e1squez-Garc\u00eda LF, Teller SJ, Livermore C (2014) Scalable, MEMS-enabled, vibrational tactile actuators for high resolution tactile displays. J Micromech Microeng 24(12):125014","journal-title":"J Micromech Microeng"},{"key":"6075_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie X, Zaitsev Y, Vel\u00e1squez-Garc\u00eda L, Teller S, and Livermore C (2014) compact, scalable, high-resolution, MEMS-enabled tactile displays, in Proceedings of the Solid-State Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop","DOI":"10.31438\/trf.hh2014.36"},{"issue":"4","key":"6075_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-015-2280-1","volume":"82","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Li Y, Wen W, Wu Y, Chen JX (2015) Deciphering an image cipher based on 3-cell chaotic map and biological operations. Nonlinear Dynamics 82(4):1831\u20131837","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dynamics"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6075-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6075-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6075-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T07:43:09Z","timestamp":1557474189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6075-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6075-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 June 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}