{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T18:18:35Z","timestamp":1776277115883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6129-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T18:58:00Z","timestamp":1527879480000},"page":"30865-30890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hierarchical watermarking framework based on analysis of local complexity variations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Majid","family":"Mohrekesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shekoofeh","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Shirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3951-3770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shadrokh","family":"Samavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6129_CR1","first-page":"196","volume":"1","author":"W Abu-Marie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abu-Marie W, Gutub A, Abu-Mansour H (2010) Image based steganography using truth table based and determinate array on RGB indicator. Int J Sign Image Process 1(3):196\u2013204","journal-title":"Int J Sign Image Process"},{"issue":"5","key":"6129_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2009.2012922","volume":"11","author":"MA Akhaee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Akhaee MA, Sahraeian SME, Sankur B, Marvasti F (2009) Robust scaling-based image watermarking using maximum-likelihood decoder with optimum strength factor. IEEE Trans Multimed 11(5):822\u2013833","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Multimed"},{"issue":"4","key":"6129_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2009.2038774","volume":"19","author":"MA Akhaee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Akhaee MA, Sahraeian SME, Marvasti F (2010) Contourlet based image watermarking using optimum detector in noisy environment. IEEE Trans Image Process 19(4):967\u2013980","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"6129_CR4","first-page":"151","volume":"2","author":"NA Al-Otaibi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Otaibi NA, Gutub AA (2014) 2-Leyer security system for hiding sensitive text data on personal computers. Lect Notes Info Theory 2(2):151\u2013157","journal-title":"Lect Notes Info Theory"},{"key":"6129_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azizi S, Samavi S, Mohrekesh M, Shirani S (2013) Cascaded transform space watermarking based on analysis of local entropy variation. Proc Int Conf Multimed Expo Workshops (ICMEW): 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMEW.2013.6618421"},{"issue":"3","key":"6129_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(98)00015-2","volume":"66","author":"M Barni","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barni M, Bartolini F, Cappellini V, Piva A (1998) A DCT-domain system for robust image watermarking. Sign Process J 66(3):357\u2013372","journal-title":"Sign Process J"},{"key":"6129_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castiglione A et al. (2015) On the protection of fMRI images in multi-domain environments. IEEE Int Conf Adv Info Netw Appl: 476\u2013481","DOI":"10.1109\/AINA.2015.224"},{"key":"6129_CR8","unstructured":"Chauhan DS, Singh AK, Kumar B, Saini JP (2017) Quantization based multiple medical information watermarking for secure e-health. Multimed Tools Appl: 1\u201313"},{"key":"6129_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chouti L, Bouridane A, Ibrahim MK, Boussakta S (April 2006) Digital image watermarking using balanced multiwavelets. IEEE Trans Sign Process 54(4)","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2006.870624"},{"key":"6129_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das S, Kumar Kundu M (2011) Hybrid Contourlet-DCT based robust image watermarking technique applied to medical data management. Proc Pattern Recogn Mach Intell: 286\u2013292","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21786-9_47"},{"key":"6129_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.859376","volume":"14","author":"MN Do","year":"2005","unstructured":"Do MN, Vetterli M (Dec. 2005) The contourlet transform: an efficient directional multiresolution image representation. IEEE Trans Image Process 14:2091\u20132106","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"6129_CR12","unstructured":"Etemad S, Samavi SR, Soroushmehr N, Karimi M, Etemad S Shirani, Najarian K (2017) Robust image watermarking scheme using bit-plane of hadamard coefficients. Multimed Tools Appl: 1\u201323"},{"issue":"2","key":"6129_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-015-3200-6","volume":"76","author":"H Fazlali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fazlali H, Samavi S, Karimi N, Shirani S (2017) Adaptive blind image watermarking using edge pixel concentration. Multimed Tools Appl 76(2):3105\u20133120","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"6129_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghannam S, Abou-Chadi FEZ (2009) Enhancing robustness of digital image watermarks using Contourlet transform. IEEE Int Conf Image Process (ICIP): 3645\u20133648","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2009.5414260"},{"key":"6129_CR15","unstructured":"Guo S, Cao H, Deng C (2008) Content-based adaptive watermarking algorithm in ridgelet domain. Proc Int Conf Audio, Language Image Process (ICALIP): 619\u2013623"},{"key":"6129_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutub A, Al-Qahtani A, Tabakh A (2009) Triple-a: secure RGB image steganography based on randomization. IEEE Int Conf Comput Syst Appl: 400\u2013403","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2009.5069356"},{"key":"6129_CR17","unstructured":"Heidari M, Samavi S, Soroushmehr SMR, Shirani S, Karimi N, Najarian K (2016) Framework for robust blind image watermarking based on classification of attacks. Multimed Tools Appl: 1\u201321"},{"key":"6129_CR18","unstructured":"Izzolante R et al. (2014) Protection of microscopy images through digital watermarking techniques. Intell Netw Collab Syst: 65\u201372"},{"key":"6129_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaviani HR, Samavi S, Karimi N, Shirani S (2012) Elevating watermark robustness by data diffusion in Contourlet coefficients. Proc Int Conf Commun Workshop(ICC): 6739\u20136743","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2012.6364908"},{"key":"6129_CR20","unstructured":"Khan F, Gutub A (2007) Message concealment techniques using image based steganography. IEEE GCC Conf Exhibit"},{"key":"6129_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2010.2066770","volume":"59","author":"C-C Lai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lai C-C, Tsai C-C (2010) Digital image watermarking using discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition. IEEE Trans Instrum Measure 59:3060\u20133063","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Measure"},{"key":"6129_CR22","first-page":"1546","volume":"4","author":"C Lai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lai C, Ko C, Yeh C (2012) An adaptive SVD-based watermarking scheme based on genetic algorithm. Proc Int Conf Machine Learn Cybernet (ICMLC) 4:1546\u20131551","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Machine Learn Cybernet (ICMLC)"},{"key":"6129_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Q, Ying J (2012) Grayscale image digital watermarking technology based on wavelet analysis. Proc IEEE Sym Elect Electron Eng (EEESYM): 618\u2013621","DOI":"10.1109\/EEESym.2012.6258734"},{"key":"6129_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meerwald P, Uhl A (2001) A survey of wavelet domain watermarking algorithms. Electron Imaging, Sec Watermark Multimed Cont 4314 of Proc SPIE","DOI":"10.1117\/12.435434"},{"issue":"6","key":"6129_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8695","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3485-0","volume":"76","author":"S Munib","year":"2017","unstructured":"Munib S, Khan A (2017) Robust image watermarking technique using triangular regions and Zernike moments for quantization based embedding. Multimed Tools Appl 76(6):8695\u20138710","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"6129_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1109\/49.668975","volume":"16","author":"CI Podilchuk","year":"1998","unstructured":"Podilchuk CI, Wenjun Z (1998) Image-adaptive watermarking using visual models. IEEE J Select Areas Commun 16(4):525\u2013539","journal-title":"IEEE J Select Areas Commun"},{"key":"6129_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potdar M, Han S, Chang E (2005) A survey of digital image watermarking techniques. IEEE Int Conf Indust Info: 709\u2013716","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2005.1560462"},{"key":"6129_CR28","unstructured":"Rana A, Pareek NK (2017) Comparative study of DCT and DWT techniques of digital image watermarking. Int Conf Info Commun Technol Intell Syst: 377\u2013382"},{"issue":"6","key":"6129_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8881","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3514-z","volume":"76","author":"AK Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh AK (2017) Improved hybrid algorithm for robust and imperceptible multiple watermarking using digital images. Multimed Tools Appl 76(6):8881\u20138900","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"6129_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soderi S, Mucchi L, H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen M, Piva A, Iinatti J (2017) Physical layer security based on spread-spectrum watermarking and jamming receiver. Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol 28(7)","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3142"},{"issue":"11","key":"6129_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1109\/83.967401","volume":"10","author":"V Solachidis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Solachidis V, Pitas L (2001) Circularly symmetric watermark embedding in 2-D DFT domain. IEEE Trans Image Process 10(11):1057\u20137149","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"6129_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Song, S. Yu, X. Yang, L. Song, and C. Wang, \u201cContourlet-based image adaptive watermarking. Sign Process: Image Commun, vol 23, no 3, pp. 162\u2013178, 2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2008.01.005"},{"key":"6129_CR33","first-page":"2985","volume":"4","author":"B Tao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tao B, Dickinson B (1997) Adaptive watermarking in DCT domain. Proc Int Conf Acoust, Speech, Sign Process (ICASSP) 4:2985\u20132988","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Acoust, Speech, Sign Process (ICASSP)"},{"key":"6129_CR34","first-page":"141","volume":"2","author":"S Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang S, Kang C (2009) A wavelet watermarking based on HVS and watermarking capacity analysis. Proc Int Conf Multimed Info Netw Sec 2:141\u2013144","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Multimed Info Netw Sec"},{"issue":"1","key":"6129_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang Z, Bovik AC, Sheikh HR, Simoncelli EP (2004) Image quality assessment: from error measurement to structural similarity. IEEE Trans Image Process 13(1):600\u2013612","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"6129_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao S, Ling H, Zou F, Lu Z (2007) Adaptive image watermarking algorithm in Contourlet domain. Proc Jap Chin Joint Workshop Front Comput Sci Technol: 125\u2013130","DOI":"10.1109\/FCST.2007.13"},{"key":"6129_CR37","first-page":"106","volume":"11","author":"J Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu J, Zhang D (2010) A study on block classification watermarking algorithm based on adaptive adjustment factor. Proc Int Conf Comput Appl Syst Model (ICCASM) 11:106\u2013109","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Comput Appl Syst Model (ICCASM)"},{"key":"6129_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan Y, Cao W, Li S (2009) Block-based adaptive image watermarking scheme using just noticeable difference. Proc Int Workshop Imaging Syst Tech: 377\u2013380","DOI":"10.1109\/IST.2009.5071669"},{"issue":"3","key":"6129_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.821552","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Campisi P, Kundur D (2004) Dual domain watermarking for authentication and compression of cultural heritage images. IEEE Trans Image Process 13(3):430\u2013448","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6129-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6129-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6129-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T12:02:37Z","timestamp":1612440157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6129-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6129-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}