{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T07:35:55Z","timestamp":1771572955030,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61771334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15JCYBJC15500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15JCYBJC15500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-7285-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T09:04:00Z","timestamp":1550567040000},"page":"19681-19695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A study on Subtractive Pixel Adjacency Matrix features"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Xiangyuan","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jichang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"7285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-017-0989-x","volume":"48","author":"A Adeli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adeli A, Broumandnia A (2018) Image steganalysis using improved particle swarm optimization based feature selection. Appl Intell 48(6):1609\u20131622","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"issue":"11","key":"7285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13701","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-4983-4","volume":"77","author":"CJ Anita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anita CJ, Ramesh R, Gomathy C, Vaishali D (2018) Nature inspired metaheuristics for improved JPEG steganalysis. Multimed Tools Appl 77 (11):13701\u201313720","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"7285_CR3","unstructured":"ASU feature selection package. \n                    http:\/\/featureselection.asu.edu"},{"issue":"22","key":"7285_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.07.007","volume":"42","author":"M Bennasar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bennasar M, Hicks Y, Setchi R (2015) Feature selection using joint mutual information maximisation. Expert Syst Appl 42(22):8520\u20138532","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"7285_CR5","unstructured":"BOWS2 database. \n                    http:\/\/bows2.ec-lille.fr"},{"issue":"11","key":"7285_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13221","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3751-1","volume":"76","author":"WQ Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao WQ, Guan QX, Zhao XF, Wang KR, Han JS (2017) Constructing local information feature for spatial image steganalysis. Multimed Tools Appl 76 (11):13221\u201313237","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"7285_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199","volume":"2","author":"CC Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang CC, Lin CJ (2011) LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines. ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol 2(3):27","journal-title":"ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2009.08.010","volume":"90","author":"A Cheddad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cheddad A, Condell J, Curran K, Kevitt PM (2010) Digital image steganography: survey and analysis of current methods. Signal Process 90(3):727\u2013752","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"issue":"5","key":"7285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-016-0610-3","volume":"9","author":"RR Chhikara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chhikara RR, Sharma P, Singh L (2018) An improved dynamic discrete firefly algorithm for blind image steganalysis. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 9(5):821\u2013835","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"7285_CR10","unstructured":"Deng XL, Li YQ, Weng J, Zhang JL (2018) Feature selection for text classification: a review. Multimed Tools Appl, 1\u201320"},{"issue":"2","key":"7285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2008.2005601","volume":"20","author":"PA Estevez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Estevez PA, Tesmer M, Perez CA, Zurada JM (2009) Normalized mutual information feature selection. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 20(2):189\u2013201","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"7285_CR12","unstructured":"Fayyad U, Irani K (1993) Multi-interval discretization of continuous-valued attributes for classification learning. In: Proc. International joint conference on artificial intelligence, pp 1022\u20131029"},{"issue":"6","key":"7285_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"063020\u20131","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.23.6.063020","volume":"23","author":"GR Feng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feng GR, Zhang HY, Zhang XP (2014) Effective feature selection for image steganalysis using extreme learning machine. J Electron Imag 23(6):063020\u20131-5","journal-title":"J Electron Imag"},{"issue":"3","key":"7285_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2012.2190402","volume":"7","author":"J Fridrich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fridrich J, Kodovsky J (2012) Rich models for steganalysis of digital images. IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur 7(3):868\u2013882","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur"},{"key":"7285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2018.02.020","volume":"79","author":"WF Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao WF, Hu L, Zhang P (2018) Class-specific mutual information variation for feature selection. Pattern Recogn 79:328\u2013339","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"7285_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2013.09.016","volume":"31","author":"MF Ghareh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghareh MF, Saniee AM (2014) Image steganalysis using a bee colony based feature selection algorithm. Eng Appl Artif Intell 31:35\u201343","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"issue":"12","key":"7285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2013.2286682","volume":"8","author":"V Holub","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holub V, Fridrich J (2013) Random projections of residuals for digital image steganalysis. IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur 8(12):1996\u20132006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur"},{"key":"7285_CR18","unstructured":"Hosseini HDM, Mahdavi M (2015) F plus KS: a new feature selection strategy for steganalysis. In: Computer science and software engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"7285_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2005.847889","volume":"12","author":"AD Ker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ker AD (2005) Steganalysis of LSB matching in grayscale images. IEEE Signal Process Lett 12(6):441\u2013444","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"key":"7285_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.02.016","volume":"148","author":"F Khelifi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khelifi F, Brahimi T, Han JG, Li XL (2018) Secure and privacy-preserving data sharing in the cloud based on lossless image coding. Signal Process 148:91\u2013101","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"issue":"5","key":"7285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2780805","volume":"13","author":"B Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li B, Li ZP, Zhou SJ, Tan SQ, Xl Zhang (2018) New steganalytic features for spatial image steganography based on derivative filters and threshold LBP operator. IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur 13(5):1242\u20131257","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur"},{"issue":"1","key":"7285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2007.06.005","volume":"41","author":"QZ Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu QZ, Sung AH, Chen ZX (2008) Feature mining and pattern classification for steganalysis of LSB matching steganography in grayscale images. Pattern Recogn 41(1):56\u201366","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"1","key":"7285_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.08.007","volume":"178","author":"QZ Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu QZ, Sung AH, Ribeiro B, Wei MZ, Chen ZX, Xu JY (2008) Image complexity and feature mining for steganalysis of least significant bit matching steganography. Inform Sci 178(1):21\u201336","journal-title":"Inform Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7285_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diin.2013.12.001","volume":"11","author":"JC Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu JC, Liu FL, Luo XY (2014) Selection of image features for steganalysis based on the Fisher criterion. Digit Investig 11(1):57\u201366","journal-title":"Digit Investig"},{"issue":"9","key":"7285_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2008.03.016","volume":"88","author":"XY Luo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Luo XY, Wang DS, Wang P, Liu FL (2008) A review on blind detection for image steganography. Signal Process 88(9):2138\u20132157","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"key":"7285_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miche Y, Roue B, Lendasse A, Bas P (2006) A feature selection methodology for steganalysis. In: Multimedia content representation, classification and security, pp 49\u201356","DOI":"10.1007\/11848035_9"},{"issue":"3","key":"7285_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-131111","volume":"27","author":"FG Mohammadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mohammadi FG, Abadeh MS (2014) A new metaheuristic feature subset selection approach for image steganalysis. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 27(3):1445\u20131455","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"7285_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2016.12.003","volume":"44","author":"FG Mohammadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohammadi FG, Sajedi H (2017) Region based image steganalysis using artificial bee colony. J Vis Commun Image Represent 44:214\u2013226","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"issue":"8","key":"7285_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.159","volume":"27","author":"HC Peng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peng HC, Long FH, Ding C (2005) Feature selection based on mutual information: criteria of max-dependency, max-relevance and min-redundancy. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 27(8):1226\u20131238","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"7285_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pevny T, Bas P, Fridrich J (2009) Steganalysis by Subtractive Pixel Adjacency Matrix. In: ACM Multimedia and security workshop, pp 75\u201383","DOI":"10.1145\/1597817.1597831"},{"issue":"2","key":"7285_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2010.2045842","volume":"5","author":"T Pevny","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pevny T, Bas P, Fridrich J (2010) Steganalysis by subtractive pixel adjacency matrix. IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur 5(2):215\u2013224","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur"},{"key":"7285_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sullivan K, Madhow U, Chandrasekaran S, Manjunath BS (2005) Steganalysis of spread spectrum data hiding exploiting cover memory. In: Proc. conference on security, steganography and watermarking of multimedia contents, pp 28\u201346","DOI":"10.1117\/12.588121"},{"issue":"1","key":"7285_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2006.890517","volume":"2","author":"Y Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang Y, Moulin P (2007) Optimized feature extraction for learning-based image steganalysis. IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur 2(1):31\u201345","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur"},{"issue":"5","key":"7285_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-015-2521-9","volume":"75","author":"PF Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang PF, Wei ZH, Xiao L (2016) Pure spatial rich model features for digital image steganalysis. Multimed Tools Appl 75(5):2897\u20132912","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"7285_CR35","unstructured":"WEKA Software. \n                    http:\/\/www.cs.waikato.ac.nz\/ml\/weka"},{"key":"7285_CR36","unstructured":"Wu GS, Lin ZJ, Han JG, Liu L, Ding GG, Zhang BC, Shen JL (2018) Unsupervised deep hashing via binary latent factor models for large-scale cross-modal retrieval. In: Proc. International joint conference on artificial intelligence, pp 2854\u20132860"},{"issue":"4","key":"7285_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2010.09.006","volume":"91","author":"CH Xie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xie CH, Cheng YM, Chen YK (2011) An active steganalysis approach for echo hiding based on sliding windowed cepstrum. Signal Process 91(4):877\u2013889","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"issue":"5","key":"7285_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2016.2548421","volume":"23","author":"GS Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu GS, Wu HZ, Shi YQ (2016) Structural design of convolutional neural networks for steganalysis. IEEE Signal Process Lett 23(5):708\u2013712","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"issue":"5","key":"7285_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2310494","volume":"21","author":"CG Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan CG, Zhang YD, Xu JZ, Dai F, Li L, Dai QH, Wu F (2014) A highly parallel framework for HEVC coding unit partitioning tree decision on many-core processors. IEEE Signal Process Lett 21(5):573\u2013576","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"7285_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2838320","volume":"20","author":"CG Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan CG, Xie HT, Chen JJ, Zha ZJ, Hao XH, Zhang YD, Dai QH (2018) A fast uyghur text detector for complex background images. IEEE Trans Multimed 20(12):3389\u20133398","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Multimed"},{"issue":"1","key":"7285_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2749977","volume":"19","author":"CG Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan CG, Xie HT, Liu S, Yin J, Zhang YD, Dai QH (2018) Effective uyghur language text detection in complex background images for traffic prompt identification. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 19(1):220\u2013229","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"7285_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2749965","volume":"19","author":"CG Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan CG, Xie HT, Yang DB, Yin J, Zhang YD, Dai QH (2018) Supervised hash coding with deep neural network for environment perception of intelligent vehicles. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 19(1):284\u2013295","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"issue":"11","key":"7285_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5257","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2733200","volume":"26","author":"C Yao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yao C, Liu YF, Jiang B, Han JG, Han JW (2017) LLE score: a new filter-based unsupervised feature selection method based on nonlinear manifold embedding and its application to image recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 26(11):5257\u20135269","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"11","key":"7285_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2710946","volume":"12","author":"J Ye","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ye J, Ni JQ, Yi Y (2017) Deep learning hierarchical representations for image steganalysis. IEEE Trans Inf Forens Secur 12(11):2545\u20132557","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forens Secur"},{"issue":"5","key":"7285_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2779446","volume":"13","author":"JS Zeng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeng JS, Tan SQ, Li B, Huang JW (2018) Large-scale JPEG image steganalysis using hybrid deep-learning framework. IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur 13(5):1200\u20131214","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur"},{"key":"7285_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou DK, Shi YQ, Su W, Xuan GR (2006) Steganalysis based on Markov model of thresholded prediction-error image. In: Proc. multimedia and expo, pp 1365\u20131368","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2006.262792"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-019-7285-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-019-7285-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-019-7285-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:22:24Z","timestamp":1582071744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-019-7285-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["7285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-019-7285-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 June 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}