{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T17:16:05Z","timestamp":1778433365268,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"25-26","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583107200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61672215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61672215"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2018YFB1308604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB1308604"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019081","name":"Hunan Science and Technology Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017XK2102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017XK2102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08722-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T14:08:59Z","timestamp":1583158139000},"page":"18201-18219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Real-time traffic sign detection and classification towards real traffic scene"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Yiqiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9720-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Nai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"8722_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahlmann C, Zhu Y, Ramesh V, Pellkofer M, Koehler T (2005) A system for traffic sign detection, tracking, and recognition using color, shape, and motion information. IEEE Intell Vehicles Symposium: 255\u2013260","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2005.1505111"},{"key":"8722_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell S, Zitnick CL, Bala K, Girshick RB (2016) Inside-outside net: detecting objects in context with skip pooling and recurrent neural networks. Compu Vis Pattern Recogn: 2874\u20132883","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.314"},{"key":"8722_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.11.018","volume":"48","author":"SK Berkaya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berkaya SK, Gunduz H, Ozsen O, Akinlar C, Gunal S (2016) On circular traffic sign detection and recognition. Expert Sys Appl 48:67\u201375","journal-title":"Expert Sys Appl"},{"issue":"21","key":"8722_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4522","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz259","volume":"35","author":"M Bloice","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bloice M, Roth PM, Holzinger A (2019) Biomedical image augmentation using augmentor. Bioinformatics 35(21):4522\u20134524","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"8722_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.06.021","volume":"89","author":"W Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen W, An J, Li R, Fu L, Xie G, Bhuiyan ZA, Li K (2018) A novel fuzzy deep-learning approach to traffic flow prediction with uncertain spatial\u2013temporal data features. Futur Gener Comput Syst 89:78\u201388","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"8722_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2018.11.044","volume":"58","author":"Y Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Y, Yuan J, Li Z, Wu Y, Nouioua M, Xie G (2019) Person re-identification based on re-ranking with expanded k-reciprocal nearest neighbors. J Vis Commun Image Represent 58:486\u2013494","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"key":"8722_CR7","unstructured":"Dai J, Li Y, He K, Sun J (2016) R-fcn: object detection via region-based fully convolutional networks. Neural Inform Process Sys: 379\u2013387"},{"key":"8722_CR8","first-page":"886","volume":"1","author":"N Dalal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dalal N, Triggs B (2005) Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. Comput Vis Pattern Recogn 1:886\u2013893","journal-title":"Comput Vis Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"8722_CR9","unstructured":"Devries T, Taylor GW (2017) Improved regularization of convolutional neural networks with cutout. Comput Vis Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"9","key":"8722_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.167","volume":"32","author":"PF Felzenszwalb","year":"2010","unstructured":"Felzenszwalb PF, Girshick RB, Mcallester DA, Ramanan D (2010) Object detection with discriminatively trained part-based models. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 32(9):1627\u20131645","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"8722_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gidaris S, Komodakis N (2015) Object detection via a multi-region and semantic segmentation-aware cnn model. Int Conf Comput Vis: 1134\u20131142","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.135"},{"key":"8722_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girshick RB (2015) Fast r-cnn. Int Conf Comput Vis: 1440\u20131448","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.169"},{"key":"8722_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girshick RB, Donahue J, Darrell T, Malik J (2014) Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. Comput Vis Pattern Recogn: 580\u2013587","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81"},{"key":"8722_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goebel R, Chander A, Holzinger K, Lecue F, Akata Z, Stumpf S, Kieseberg P, Holzinger A (2018) Explainable ai: the new 42?. In: International cross-domain conference for machine learning and knowledge extraction. Springer, pp 295\u2013303","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99740-7_21"},{"issue":"9","key":"8722_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2389824","volume":"37","author":"K He","year":"2015","unstructured":"He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2015) Spatial pyramid pooling in deep convolutional networks for visual recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 37 (9):1904\u20131916","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"8722_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holzinger A, Kieseberg P, Weippl E, Tjoa AM (2018) Current advances, trends and challenges of machine learning and knowledge extraction: from machine learning to explainable ai. In: International cross-domain conference for machine learning and knowledge extraction. Springer, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99740-7_1"},{"key":"8722_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houben S, Stallkamp J, Salmen J, Schlipsing M, Igel C (2013) Detection of traffic signs in real-world images: The german traffic sign detection benchmark. Int Joint Conf Neural Netw: 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2013.6706807"},{"issue":"5","key":"8722_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2014.2308281","volume":"15","author":"J Jin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jin J, Fu K, Zhang C (2014) Traffic sign recognition with hinge loss trained convolutional neural networks. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 15(5):1991\u20132000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"8722_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1109\/41.649946","volume":"44","author":"AD La Escalera","year":"1997","unstructured":"La Escalera AD, Moreno L, Salichs MA, Armingol JM (1997) Road traffic sign detection and classification. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 44(6):848\u2013859","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Electron"},{"key":"8722_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li J, Liang X, Wei Y, Xu T, Feng J, Yan S (2017) Perceptual generative adversarial networks for small object detection. Comput Vis Pattern Recogn: 1951\u20131959","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.211"},{"key":"8722_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu W, Anguelov D, Erhan D, Szegedy C, Reed SE, Fu C, Berg AC (2016) Ssd: single shot multibox detector. European Conf Comput Vis: 21\u201337","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46448-0_2"},{"key":"8722_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng Z, Fan X, Chen X, Chen M, Tong Y (2017) Detecting small signs from large images. Inform Reuse Integrat: 217\u2013224","DOI":"10.1109\/IRI.2017.57"},{"issue":"10","key":"8722_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4958","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2848465","volume":"27","author":"K Nai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nai K, Li Z, Li G, Wang S (2018) Robust object tracking via local sparse appearance model. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(10):4958\u20134970","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"8722_CR24","first-page":"181","volume":"104789","author":"K Nai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nai K, Xiao D, Li Z, Jiang S, Gu Y (2019) Multi-pattern correlation tracking. Knowledge Based Systems 104789:181","journal-title":"Knowledge Based Systems"},{"key":"8722_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redmon J, Farhadi A (2017) Yolo9000: better, faster, stronger. Comput Vis Pattern Recogn: 6517\u20136525","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.690"},{"key":"8722_CR26","unstructured":"Redmon J, Farhadi A (2018) Yolov3: an incremental improvement. Comput Vis Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"8722_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redmon J, Divvala SK, Girshick RB, Farhadi A (2016) You only look once: unified, real-time object detection. Comput Vis Pattern Recogn: 779\u2013788","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.91"},{"issue":"6","key":"8722_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031","volume":"39","author":"S Ren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ren S, He K, Girshick RB, Sun J (2017) Faster r-cnn: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39(6):1137\u20131149","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"4","key":"8722_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.05.017","volume":"48","author":"S Salti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salti S, Petrelli A, Tombari F, Fioraio N, Stefano LD (2015) Traffic sign detection via interest region extraction. Pattern Recogn 48(4):1039\u20131049","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"8722_CR30","unstructured":"Sermanet P, Eigen D, Zhang X, Mathieu M, Fergus R, Lecun Y (2014) Overfeat: integrated recognition, localization and detection using convolutional networks. Int Conf Learn Represent"},{"key":"8722_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen Z, Liu Z, Li J, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Xue X (2017) Dsod: learning deeply supervised object detectors from scratch. Int Conf Comput Vis: 1937\u20131945","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.212"},{"key":"8722_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2012.02.016","volume":"32","author":"J Stallkamp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stallkamp J, Schlipsing M, Salmen J, Igel C (2012) 2012 special issue: man vs. computer: benchmarking machine learning algorithms for traffic sign recognition. Neural Netw 32:323\u2013332","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"issue":"2","key":"8722_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000013087.49260.fb","volume":"57","author":"P Viola","year":"2004","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones MJ (2004) Robust real-time face detection. Int J Comput Vis 57(2):137\u2013154","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"issue":"7","key":"8722_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2482461","volume":"17","author":"Y Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang Y, Luo H, Xu H, Wu F (2016) Towards real-time traffic sign detection and classification. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 17(7):2022\u20132031","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"8722_CR35","unstructured":"Zhong Z, Zheng L, Kang G, Li S, Yang Y (2017) Random erasing data augmentation. Comput Vis Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"8722_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.07.009","volume":"214","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Zhang C, Zhou D, Wang X, Bai X, Liu W (2016) Traffic sign detection and recognition using fully convolutional network guided proposals. Neurocomputing 214:758\u2013766","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"8722_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Liang D, Zhang S, Huang X, Li B, Hu S (2016) Traffic-sign detection and classification in the wild. Comput Vis Pattern Recogn: 2110\u20132118","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.232"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08722-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08722-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08722-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T01:20:00Z","timestamp":1614648000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08722-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25-26","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["8722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08722-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 May 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}