{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T08:45:03Z","timestamp":1768725903530,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"35-36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08919-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T10:04:08Z","timestamp":1594721048000},"page":"26305-26325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["FER based on the improved convex nonnegative matrix factorization feature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tianjiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"8919_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4602.107339","volume":"30","author":"T Ahsan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ahsan T, Jabid T, Chong UP (2013) Facial expression recognition using local transitional pattern on Gabor filtered facial images. IETE Tech Rev 30(1):47\u201352","journal-title":"IETE Tech Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"8919_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.7763\/IJMLC.2015.V5.498","volume":"5","author":"HB Ali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ali HB, Powers DMW, Jia X, Zhang YH (2015) Extended non-negative matrix factorization for face and facial expression recognition. International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 5(2):142\u2013147","journal-title":"International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing"},{"key":"8919_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1214\/09-SS054","volume":"4","author":"S Arlot","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arlot S, Celisse A (2010) A survey of cross-validation procedures for model selection. Statistics surveys 4:40\u201379","journal-title":"Statistics surveys"},{"issue":"16","key":"8919_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22773","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-7632-2","volume":"78","author":"H Bejaoui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bejaoui H, Ghazouani H, Barhoumi W (2019) Sparse coding-based representation of LBP difference for 3D\/4D facial expression recognition. Multimed Tools Appl 78(16):22773\u201322796","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"8919_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.08.047","volume":"116","author":"MK Bhowmik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhowmik MK, Saha P, Singha A, Bhattacharjee D (2019) Enhancement of robustness of face recognition system through reduced gaussianity in log-ICA. Expert Syst Appl 116:96\u2013107","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"8919_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.277","volume":"32","author":"CHQ Ding","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ding CHQ, Li T, Jordan MI (2008) Convex and semi-nonnegative matrix factorizations. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 32(1):45\u201355","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"8919_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez PDM, Pe\u00f1a FAG, Ren TI, Alexandre C. 2019 FERAtt: Facial Expression Recognition with Attention Net. arXiv preprint arXiv:1902.03284","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00112"},{"key":"8919_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2018.01.019","volume":"46","author":"J Gong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gong J, Liu JY, Wang LJ, Sun XW, Nie SD (2018) Automatic detection of pulmonary nodules in CT images by incorporating 3D tensor filtering with local image feature analysis. Physica Medica 46:124\u2013133","journal-title":"Physica Medica"},{"issue":"1","key":"8919_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2014.2386334","volume":"6","author":"SL Happy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Happy SL, Routray A (2014) Automatic facial expression recognition using features of salient facial patches. IEEE Trans Affect Comput 6(1):1\u201312","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Affect Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"8919_CR10","first-page":"20","volume":"14","author":"SM Issa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Issa SM, Peng Q, You X, Shah WA (2019) Emotion assessment using EEG brain signals and stacked sparse autoencoder. Journal of Information Assurance & Security 14(1):20\u201329","journal-title":"Journal of Information Assurance & Security"},{"issue":"1","key":"8919_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-017-6114-9","volume":"13","author":"RA Khan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khan RA, Meyer A, Konik H, Bouakaz S (2019) Saliency-based framework for facial expression recognition. Frontiers of Computer Science 13(1):183\u2013198","journal-title":"Frontiers of Computer Science"},{"key":"8919_CR12","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Facial expression recognition: a review","author":"S Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar S, Gupta A (2015) Facial expression recognition: a review. Proceedings of the National Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data, Shanghai, pp 4\u20136"},{"key":"8919_CR13","unstructured":"Lai SZ (2014) Research on several non-negative matrix factorization methods and applications. A Master Thesis of University of Electronic Science and Technology:17\u201329"},{"issue":"6755","key":"8919_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/44565","volume":"401","author":"DD Lee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee DD, Seung HS (1999) Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization. Nature 401(6755):788\u2013791","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"8919_CR15","first-page":"556","volume":"13","author":"DD Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee DD, Seung HS (2015) Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization. Adv Neural Inf Proces Syst 13(6):556\u2013562","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Proces Syst"},{"key":"8919_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mollahosseini A, Chan D, Mahoor MH. Going Deeper in Facial Expression Recognition using Deep Neural Networks. 2016 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2016, 3: 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2016.7477450"},{"key":"8919_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nigam S, Singh R, Misra AK. Local Binary Patterns Based Facial Expression Recognition for Efficient Smart Applications. Security in Smart Cities: Models, Applications, and Challenges. Springer, Cham, 2019: 297\u2013322.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01560-2_13"},{"key":"8919_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-0448-3_81","volume-title":"Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Soft Computing for Problem Solving","author":"MN Patil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patil MN, Iyer B, Arya R (2016) Performance evaluation of PCA and ICA algorithm for facial expression recognition application. In: Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Soft Computing for Problem Solving. Springer, Singapore, pp 965\u2013976"},{"issue":"1","key":"8919_CR19","first-page":"17","volume":"7","author":"M Rezaei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rezaei M, Derhami V (2019) Improving LNMF performance of facial expression recognition via significant parts extraction using Shapley value. Journal of AI and Data Mining 7(1):17\u201325","journal-title":"Journal of AI and Data Mining"},{"issue":"2","key":"8919_CR20","first-page":"190","volume":"8","author":"A Saha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saha A, Pradhan SN (2018) Facial expression recognition based on eigenspaces and principle component analysis. International journal of computational vision and robotics. Gurgaon, India: IEEE 8(2):190\u2013200","journal-title":"Gurgaon, India: IEEE"},{"key":"8919_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.07.027","volume":"479","author":"M Sajjad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sajjad M, Nasir M, Ullah FUM, Muhammad K, Kumar A, Balk SW (2019) Raspberry pi assisted facial expression recognition framework for smart security in law-enforcement services. Inf Sci 479:416\u2013431","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"8919_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2405346","volume":"24","author":"MH Siddiqi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siddiqi MH, Ali R, Khan AM, Park YT (2015) Human facial expression recognition using stepwise linear discriminant analysis and hidden conditional random fields. IEEE Trans Image Process 24(4):1386\u20131398","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"8919_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.08.095","volume":"165","author":"HA Song","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song HA, Kim BK, Xuan TL, Lee SY (2015) Hierarchical feature extraction by multi-layer non-negative matrix factorization network for classification task. Neurocomputing 165:63\u201374","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"8919_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4525","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2676238","volume":"5","author":"MZ Uddin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uddin MZ, Hassan MM, Almogren A, Alamri A (2017) Facial expression recognition utilizing local direction-based robust features and deep belief network. IEEE Access 5:4525\u20134536","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"8919_CR25","unstructured":"Wang Y (2015) Proximal gradient method for convex and semi-nonnegative matrix factorization. A Dissertation of Northeast Normal University for Master Degree:5\u20136"},{"key":"8919_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue ML, Duan XD, Liu WQ, Wang YH (2018) An ICA-Based Other-Race Effect Elimination for Facial Expression Recognition. Chinese Conference on Biometric Recognition, Springer, pp 367\u2013376","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97909-0_40"},{"issue":"2","key":"8919_CR27","first-page":"384","volume":"39","author":"Y Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang Y, Fang D, Zhu D (2016) Facial expression recognition using deep belief network. Rev Tec Ing Univ Zulia 39(2):384\u2013392","journal-title":"Rev Tec Ing Univ Zulia"},{"key":"8919_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang H, Ciftci U, Yin L (2018) Facial expression recognition by de-expression residue learning. Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit:2168\u20132177","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00231"},{"issue":"17","key":"8919_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.08.043","volume":"273","author":"N Zeng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zeng N, Zhang H, Song B, Liu W, Li Y, Dobaie AM (2018) Facial expression recognition via learning deep sparse autoencoders. Neurocomputing 273(17):643\u2013649","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"5","key":"8919_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-017-1055-1","volume":"126","author":"ZP Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang ZP, Luo P, Loy CC, Tang XO (2018) From facial expression recognition to interpersonal relation prediction. Int J Comput Vis 126(5):550\u2013569","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"issue":"5","key":"8919_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/02564602.2015.1017542","volume":"32","author":"X Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao X, Shi X, Zhang S (2015) Facial expression recognition via deep learning. IETE Tech Rev 32(5):347\u2013355","journal-title":"IETE Tech Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"8919_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1134\/S1054661815040070","volume":"26","author":"J Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou J, Zhang S, Mei HY, Wang DW (2016) A method of facial expression recognition based on Gabor and NMF. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis 26(1):119\u2013124","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis"},{"key":"8919_CR33","first-page":"1060908","volume":"10609","author":"H Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou H, Chen P, Shen WA (2018) multi-view face recognition system based on cascade face detector and improved Dlib. MIPPR 2017: Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision. International Society for Optics and Photonics 10609:1060908","journal-title":"International Society for Optics and Photonics"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08919-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08919-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08919-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T23:28:06Z","timestamp":1626218886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08919-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35-36","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["8919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08919-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}