{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T04:12:11Z","timestamp":1773547931455,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["SWU119044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SWU119044"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10501-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T15:27:47Z","timestamp":1611329267000},"page":"22821-22841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A novel method for vehicle headlights detection using salient region segmentation and PHOG feature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Jinxia","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua-Ping","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6806-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"10501_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Achanta R, Suesstrunk S (2010) Saliency detection using maximum symmetric surround. In: Image processing (ICIP), 2010 17th IEEE international conference on","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2010.5652636"},{"key":"10501_CR2","unstructured":"Adeloye D (2014) 2013 motor vehicle crashes: Overview"},{"key":"10501_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alcantarilla P, Bergasa L, Jimenez P, Sotelo M (2008) Night time vehicle detection for driving assistance lightbeam controller","DOI":"10.1109\/IVS.2008.4621142"},{"issue":"11","key":"10501_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.28","volume":"34","author":"B Alexe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alexe B, Deselaers T, Ferrari V (2012) Measuring the objectness of image windows. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 34(11):2189\u20132202","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"10501_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arrospide J, Salgado L (2013) Log-gabor filters for image-based vehicle verification. 22(6):2286\u20132295","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2249080"},{"key":"10501_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berger I, Rieke R, Kolomeets M et al (2018) Comparative study of machine learning methods for in-vehicle intrusion detection. Comput Secur 85\u2013101","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12786-2_6"},{"issue":"2","key":"10501_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s41095-019-0149-9","volume":"5","author":"A Borji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Borji A, Cheng M-M, Hou Q, Jiang H, Li J (2019) Salient object detection: A survey. Comput Visual Media 5(2):117\u2013150","journal-title":"Comput Visual Media"},{"key":"10501_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bosch A, Zisserman A, Munoz X (2007) Representing shape with a spatial pyramid kernel. In: Acm international conference on image and video retrieval","DOI":"10.1145\/1282280.1282340"},{"issue":"5","key":"10501_CR9","first-page":"0","volume":"58","author":"YL Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen YL, Bing-Fei W, Huang H-Y, Fan C-J (2011) A real-time vision system for nighttime vehicle detection and traffic surveillance. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 58(5):0\u20132044","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Electron"},{"issue":"JAN.","key":"10501_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2017.12.006","volume":"50","author":"J Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen J, Chen J, Ling H, Cao H, Sun W, Fan Y, Weimin W (2018) Salient object detection via spectral graph weighted low rank matrix recovery. J Visual Commun Image Rep 50(JAN.):270\u2013279","journal-title":"J Visual Commun Image Rep"},{"key":"10501_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2019.02.026","volume":"60","author":"J Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen J, Li Q, Li P, Han Y, Lei W, Ling H, Weimin W (2019) Saliency prediction by mahalanobis distance of topological feature on deep color components. J Visual Commun Image Rep 60:149\u2013157, 02","journal-title":"J Visual Commun Image Rep"},{"key":"10501_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J, Li Q, Wu W, Ling H, Wu L, Zhang B, Li P (2019) Saliency detection via topological feature modulated deep learning. 09","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2019.8802611"},{"key":"10501_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen L, Xuemin H, Tong X, Kuang H, Li Q (2017) Turn signal detection during nighttime by cnn detector and perceptual hashing tracking. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 1\u201312","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2683641"},{"key":"10501_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199","volume":"2","author":"C Chih-Chung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chih-Chung C, Chih-Jen L (2011) Libsvm: A library for support vector machines. ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol (TIST) 2:01","journal-title":"ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol (TIST)"},{"key":"10501_CR15","unstructured":"Chun-Ping GE (2012) A simple and rapid algorithm of connected component labeling for binary image. Value Eng"},{"key":"10501_CR16","unstructured":"Cucchiara R, Piccardi M (1999) Vehicle detection under day and night illumination 01"},{"key":"10501_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalal N, Triggs B (2005) Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In: International Conference on computer vision & amp; pattern recognition (CVPR\u201905), vol 1, pp 886\u2013893","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"10501_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalal N, Triggs B, Schmid C (2006) Human detection using oriented histograms of flow and appearance. In: European conference on computer vision-eccv","DOI":"10.1007\/11744047_33"},{"key":"10501_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan D-P, Cheng M-M, Liu J-J et al (2018) Salient objects in clutter: Bringing salient object detection to the foreground. In: European conference on computer vision (ECCV)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01267-0_12"},{"key":"10501_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan D-P, Wang Wenguan CM-M, Shen J (2019) Shifting more attention to video salient object detection. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00875"},{"key":"10501_CR21","unstructured":"Fan DP, Zhang SC, Wu YH, Cheng MM, Ren B, Ji R, Rosin PL (2018) Face sketch synthesis style similarity: A new structure co-occurrence texture measure. arXiv preprint arXiv 1804\u201302975"},{"issue":"9","key":"10501_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.167","volume":"32","author":"PF Felzenszwalb","year":"2010","unstructured":"Felzenszwalb PF, Girshick RB, Mcallester D, Ramanan D (2010) Object detection with discriminatively trained part-based models. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 32(9):1627\u20131645","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"10501_CR23","unstructured":"Guo DGD, Fraichard T, Xie MXM, Laugier C (2000) Color modeling by spherical influence field in sensing drivingenvironment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10501_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cvi.2013.0267","volume":"8","author":"H Hajimolahoseini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hajimolahoseini H et al (2014) Robust vehicle tracking algorithm for nighttime videos captured by fixed cameras in highly reflective environments. IET Comput Vis 8(6):535\u2013544","journal-title":"IET Comput Vis"},{"key":"10501_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosang J, Benenson R, Schiele B (2014) How good are detection proposals, really? Comput Sci","DOI":"10.5244\/C.28.24"},{"issue":"2","key":"10501_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2011.2113340","volume":"12","author":"A Jazayeri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jazayeri A, Cai H, Zheng JY, Tuceryan M (2011) Vehicle detection and tracking in car video based on motion model. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 12(2):583\u2013595","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"10501_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2014.2367374","volume":"16","author":"J Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim J, Baek J, Kim E (2015) A novel on-road vehicle detection method using pi hog. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 16(6):1\u201316","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"10501_CR28","unstructured":"Kim H, Kuk S, Kim M, Jung H (2013) An effective method of head lamp and tail lamp recognition for night time vehicle detection. 126(21):384\u2013392"},{"issue":"5","key":"10501_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2413971","volume":"16","author":"N Kosaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kosaka N, Ohashi G (2015) Vision-based nighttime vehicle detection using censure and svm. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 16(5):1\u201310","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"10501_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuang H, Chen L, Feng G, Chen J, Chan L, Yan H (2016) Combining region of interest extraction and image enhancement for nighttime vehicle detection. IEEE Intell Syst 1\u20131","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2016.17"},{"issue":"3","key":"10501_CR31","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"H Kuang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuang H, Yang K-F, Chen L, Li Y-J, Chan LLH, Yan H (2017) Bayes saliency-based object proposal generator for nighttime traffic images. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 19(3):1\u201312","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"10501_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee IK, Han H, David K (2002) Multiple vehicle tracking based on regional estimation in nighttime ccd images. In: IEEE international conference on acoustics speech, and signal processing, pp 3712\u20133715","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2002.5745462"},{"issue":"3","key":"10501_CR33","first-page":"255","volume":"20","author":"W Lingyan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lingyan W, Tingzhi S (1999) An image segmentation method using the entropy of histogram and genetic algorithms. Acta Armamentarii 20(3):255\u2013258","journal-title":"Acta Armamentarii"},{"key":"10501_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"2018","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Fan D-P, Nie G-Y, Zhang X, Petrosyan V, Cheng M-M (2019) Dna: Deeply-supervised nonlinear aggregation for salient object detection. Adv Multimed 2018:1\u201313","journal-title":"Adv Multimed"},{"issue":"1","key":"10501_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","volume":"9","author":"Otsu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Otsu, Nobuyuki (2007) A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 9(1):62\u201366","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"issue":"5","key":"10501_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2015.2478704","volume":"16","author":"Z Qi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qi Z, Ling H, Luo S, Huang Y, Tian M (2015) Robust nighttime vehicle detection by tracking and grouping headlights. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 16(5):1\u201312","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"10501_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robert K (2009) Night-time traffic surveillance: A robust framework for multi-vehicle detection classification and tracking","DOI":"10.1109\/AVSS.2009.98"},{"key":"10501_CR38","unstructured":"Shen ZQ, Miao CY, Geng L (2016) Vehicles detection and tracking algorithm for complex nighttime traffic scene. J Trans Syst Eng Inform Technol"},{"key":"10501_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taktak R, Dufaut M, Husson R (1994) Vehicle detection at night using image processing and pattern recognition. In: Image processing proceedings. ICIP-94, IEEE international conference, p 1994","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1994.413579"},{"key":"10501_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang C, Dong Y, Lin X, Xiao W (2017) Multi-field depth vehicle headlight detection by model construction and long trajectory extraction in nighttime city traffic. In: International symposium for intelligent transportation and smart city","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-3575-3_24"},{"key":"10501_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian B, Morris BT, Ming T et al (2017) Hierarchical and networked vehicle surveillance in its: A survey. In: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2552778"},{"issue":"3","key":"10501_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2007.891147","volume":"16","author":"LuoWei Tsai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tsai Luo Wei, Hsieh Jun Wei, Fan Kuo Chin (2007) Vehicle detection using normalized color and edge map. IEEE Trans Image Process 16(3):850\u2013864","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"10501_CR43","unstructured":"Viola PA, Jones MJ (2001) Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. In: Computer vision and pattern recognition CVPR 2001. Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE computer society conference on, p 2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10501_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000013087.49260.fb","volume":"57","author":"P Viola","year":"2014","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones MJ (2014) Robust real-time face detection. Int J Comput Vis 57(2):137\u2013154","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"10501_CR45","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones MJ (2019) Distant vehicle detection using radar and vision. arXiv preprint arXiv 1901\u201310951"},{"key":"10501_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu M, Yao Y, Ang Y et al (2019) Unsupervised traffic accident detection in first-person videos. arXiv preprint arXiv","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS40897.2019.8967556"},{"issue":"1","key":"10501_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2011.2165338","volume":"13","author":"W Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang W, Wu QMJ, Wang G, You X (2012) Tracking and pairing vehicle headlight in night scenes. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 13(1):140\u2013153","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"10501_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao J, Cao Y, Fan D-P et al (2019) Contrast prior and fluid pyramid integration for rgbd salient object detection. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00405"},{"issue":"10","key":"10501_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.19026\/rjaset.5.4620","volume":"5","author":"S Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou S, Li J, Shen Z, Liu Y (2013) A night time application for a real-time vehicle detection algorithm based on computer vision. Res J Appl Sci Eng Technol 5(10):3037\u20133043","journal-title":"Res J Appl Sci Eng Technol"},{"key":"10501_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zitnick CL, Dollar P (2014) Edge boxes : Locating object proposals from edges","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_26"},{"issue":"4","key":"10501_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.4.561","volume":"39","author":"MH Zweig","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zweig MH, Campbell G (1993) Receiver-operating characteristic (roc) plots: A fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine. Clin Chem 39(4):561\u2013577","journal-title":"Clin Chem"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-020-10501-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-020-10501-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-020-10501-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T09:30:08Z","timestamp":1625304608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-020-10501-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-10501-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}