{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T17:30:16Z","timestamp":1778261416418,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011665","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-1441-379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-1441-379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10626-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T14:03:07Z","timestamp":1614348187000},"page":"15125-15150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Underwater images contrast enhancement and its challenges: a survey"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Almutiry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2093-7274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shariq","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Awais","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Habib","family":"Dhahri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10626_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1109\/83.908502","volume":"10","author":"SS Agaian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Agaian SS, Panetta K, Grigoryan AM (2001) Transform-based image enhancement algorithms with performance measure. IEEE Trans Image Process 10:367\u2013382","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"10626_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5187-7","volume":"77","author":"C Akila","year":"2018","unstructured":"Akila C, Varatharajan R (2018) Color fidelity and visibility enhancement of underwater image de-hazing by enhanced fuzzy intensification operator. Multimed Tools Appl 77:4309\u20134322","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"10626_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2759252","volume":"27","author":"CO Ancuti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ancuti CO, Ancuti C, De Vleeschouwer C, Bekaert P (2018) Color balance and fusion for underwater image enhancement. IEEE Trans Image Process 27:379\u2013393","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"10626_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2020.115978","volume":"89","author":"S Anwar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anwar S, Li C (2020) Diving deeper into underwater image enhancement: a survey. Signal Process Image Commun 89:115978","journal-title":"Signal Process Image Commun"},{"key":"10626_CR5","unstructured":"Anwar S, Li C, Porikli F (2018) Deep underwater image enhancement. arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.03528"},{"key":"10626_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s12046-015-0446-7","volume":"41","author":"J Banerjee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Banerjee J, Ray R, Vadali SRK, Shome SN, Nandy S (2016) Real-time underwater image enhancement: an improved approach for imaging with AUV-150. Sadhana 41:225\u2013238","journal-title":"Sadhana"},{"key":"10626_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11782","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2797872","volume":"6","author":"Y Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang Y, Jung C, Ke P, Song H, Hwang J (2018) Automatic contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization with dual gamma correction. IEEE Access 6:11782\u201311792","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10626_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2017.09.002","volume":"38","author":"J Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen J, Yu W, Tian J, Chen L, Zhou Z (2018) Image contrast enhancement using an artificial bee colony algorithm. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation 38:287\u2013294","journal-title":"Swarm and Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"10626_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.864170","volume":"15","author":"D Coltuc","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coltuc D, Bolon P, Chassery J-M (2006) Exact histogram specification. IEEE Trans Image Process 15:1143\u20131152","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"10626_CR10","unstructured":"Dana Berman TT, Avidan S (2017) Diving into haze-lines: color restoration of underwater images. in Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference"},{"key":"10626_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2010.2087767","volume":"20","author":"H Demirel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Demirel H, Anbarjafari G (2010) Image resolution enhancement by using discrete and stationary wavelet decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 20:1458\u20131460","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10626_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-018-9289-9","volume":"26","author":"KG Dhal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dhal KG, Ray S, Das A, Das S (2019) A survey on nature-inspired optimization algorithms and their application in image enhancement domain. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 26:1607\u20131638","journal-title":"Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering"},{"key":"10626_CR13","unstructured":"Eustice R, Pizarro O, Singh H, Howland J, (2002) UWIT: Underwater Image Toolbox for optical image processing and mosaicking in MATLAB, in Proceedings of the 2002 Interntional Symposium on Underwater Technology, pp. 141\u2013145."},{"key":"10626_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu X, Zhuang P, Huang Y, Liao y, Zhang X-P, Ding X (2014) A retinex-based enhancing approach for single underwater image, in 2014 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 4572\u20134576.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2014.7025927"},{"key":"10626_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-5878-8","volume":"77","author":"D Garg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garg D, Garg NK, Kumar M (2018) Underwater image enhancement using blending of CLAHE and percentile methodologies. Multimed Tools Appl 77:26545\u201326561","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"10626_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge M, Hong Q, Zhang L (2018) A hybrid DCT-CLAHE approach for brightness enhancement of uneven-illumination underwater images, in Proceedings of the 2018 the 2nd International Conference on Video and Image Processing, pp. 123\u2013127..","DOI":"10.1145\/3301506.3301539"},{"key":"10626_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2018.05.027","volume":"162","author":"ASA Ghani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghani ASA (2018) Image contrast enhancement using an integration of recursive-overlapped contrast limited adaptive histogram specification and dual-image wavelet fusion for the high visibility of deep underwater image. Ocean Eng 162:224\u2013238","journal-title":"Ocean Eng"},{"key":"10626_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.2478\/IJNAOE-2013-0217","volume":"6","author":"ASA Ghani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghani ASA, Isa NAM (2014) Underwater image quality enhancement through Rayleigh-stretching and averaging image planes. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering 6:840\u2013866","journal-title":"International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10626_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-757","volume":"3","author":"ASA Ghani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghani ASA, Isa NAM (2014) Underwater image quality enhancement through composition of dual-intensity images and Rayleigh-stretching. SpringerPlus 3:757","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"10626_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2014.11.020","volume":"27","author":"ASA Ghani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghani ASA, Isa NAM (2015) Underwater image quality enhancement through integrated color model with Rayleigh distribution. Appl Soft Comput 27:219\u2013230","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"10626_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.08.033","volume":"37","author":"ASA Ghani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghani ASA, Isa NAM (2015) Enhancement of low quality underwater image through integrated global and local contrast correction. Appl Soft Comput 37:332\u2013344","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"10626_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2017.07.021","volume":"141","author":"ASA Ghani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghani ASA, Isa NAM (2017) Automatic system for improving underwater image contrast and color through recursive adaptive histogram modification. Comput Electron Agric 141:181\u2013195","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"10626_CR23","unstructured":"Gupta ES, Kaur Y, \"Review of different histogram equalization based contrast enhancement techniques,\" International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, vol. 3, 2014."},{"key":"10626_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guraksin GE, Deperlioglu O, Kose U, (2019) A novel underwater image enhancement approach with wavelet transform supported by differential evolution algorithm, in Nature Inspired Optimization Techniques for Image Processing Applications, ed: Springer, pp. 255\u2013278.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-96002-9_11"},{"key":"10626_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2009.12.006","volume":"31","author":"S Hashemi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hashemi S, Kiani S, Noroozi N, Moghaddam ME (2010) An image contrast enhancement method based on genetic algorithm. Pattern Recogn Lett 31:1816\u20131824","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"10626_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hitam MS, Awalludin EA, Yussof WNJHW, Bachok Z (2013) Mixture contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization for underwater image enhancement, in 2013 International Conference on Computer Applications Technology (ICCAT), pp. 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAT.2013.6522017"},{"key":"10626_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou W, Gray DJ, Weidemann AD, Fournier GR, Forand JL (2007) Automated underwater image restoration and retrieval of related optical properties. in 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, pp. 1889-1892..","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2007.4423193"},{"key":"10626_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2017.0359","volume":"12","author":"G Hou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hou G, Pan Z, Huang B, Wang G, Luan X (2017) Hue preserving-based approach for underwater colour image enhancement. IET Image Process 12:292\u2013298","journal-title":"IET Image Process"},{"key":"10626_CR29","unstructured":"Iqbal K, Salam RA, Osman A, Talib AZ (2007) Underwater image enhancement using an integrated colour model. IAENG International Journal of Computer Science 34"},{"key":"10626_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqbal K, Odetayo MO, James AE, Salam RA, Talib AZ (2010) Enhancing the low quality images using unsupervised colour correction method, in 2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 1703-1709.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2010.5642311"},{"key":"10626_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2012.04.028","volume":"12","author":"NAM Isa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Isa NAM (2012) Pixel distribution shifting color correction for digital color images. Appl Soft Comput 12:2948\u20132962","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"10626_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-5650-0","volume":"77","author":"M Kanmani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kanmani M, Narsimhan V (2018) An image contrast enhancement algorithm for grayscale images using particle swarm optimization. Multimed Tools Appl 77:23371\u201323387","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"10626_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.5120\/cae2016652166","volume":"4","author":"R Kaur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaur R, Saini D (2016) Image enhancement of underwater digital images by utilizing L * a * B * color space on gradient and CLAHE based smoothing. Communications on Applied Electronics 4:22\u201330","journal-title":"Communications on Applied Electronics"},{"key":"10626_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5664","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2016.2612882","volume":"25","author":"C-Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li C-Y, Guo J-C, Cong R-M, Pang Y-W, Wang B (2016) Underwater image enhancement by dehazing with minimum information loss and histogram distribution prior. IEEE Trans Image Process 25:5664\u20135677","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"10626_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2017.05.023","volume":"94","author":"C Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li C, Guo J, Guo C, Cong R, Gong J (2017) A hybrid method for underwater image correction. Pattern Recogn Lett 94:62\u201367","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"10626_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2015.0150","volume":"9","author":"H Lidong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lidong H, Wei Z, Jun W, Zebin S (2015) Combination of contrast limited adaptive histogram equalisation and discrete wavelet transform for image enhancement. IET Image Process 9:908\u2013915","journal-title":"IET Image Process"},{"key":"10626_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2016.03.029","volume":"38","author":"H Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu H, Li Y, Xu X, Li J, Liu Z, Li X, Yang J, Serikawa S (2016) Underwater image enhancement method using weighted guided trigonometric filtering and artificial light correction. J Vis Commun Image Represent 38:504\u2013516","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"key":"10626_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-017-0863-4","volume":"22","author":"H Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chen M, Serikawa S, Kim H (2017) Underwater optical image processing: a comprehensive review. Mobile Networks and Applications 22:1204\u20131211","journal-title":"Mobile Networks and Applications"},{"key":"10626_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma J, Fan X, Yang SX, Zhang X, Zhu X (2017) Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization based fusion for underwater image enhancement, Preprints, p. 127","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201703.0086.v1"},{"key":"10626_CR40","unstructured":"Memon F, Unar MA, Memon S (2016) Image quality assessment for performance evaluation of focus measure operators, arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.00546"},{"key":"10626_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2017.0259","volume":"11","author":"UA Nnolim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nnolim UA (2017) Improved partial differential equation-based enhancement for underwater images using local\u2013global contrast operators and fuzzy homomorphic processes. IET Image Process 11:1059\u20131067","journal-title":"IET Image Process"},{"key":"10626_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging4090108","volume":"4","author":"U Nnolim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nnolim U (2018) Adaptive multi-scale entropy fusion de-hazing based on fractional order. Journal of Imaging 4:1\u201322","journal-title":"Journal of Imaging"},{"key":"10626_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s11045-017-0533-5","volume":"29","author":"R Priyadharsini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Priyadharsini R, Sharmila TS, Rajendran V (2018) A wavelet transform based contrast enhancement method for underwater acoustic images. Multidim Syst Sign Process 29:1845\u20131859","journal-title":"Multidim Syst Sign Process"},{"key":"10626_CR44","unstructured":"Purnama IKE, Hariadi M (2013) Color enhancement of underwater coral reef images using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) with Rayleigh distribution, in The Proceedings of the 7th ICTS"},{"key":"10626_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inpa.2017.06.001","volume":"4","author":"X Qiao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiao X, Bao J, Zhang H, Zeng L, Li D (2017) Underwater image quality enhancement of sea cucumbers based on improved histogram equalization and wavelet transform. Information Processing in Agriculture 4:206\u2013213","journal-title":"Information Processing in Agriculture"},{"key":"10626_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2016\/v9i47\/105556","volume":"9","author":"S Rajkumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rajkumar S, Malathi G (2016) A comparative analysis on image quality assessment for real time satellite images. Indian J Sci Technol 9:1\u201311","journal-title":"Indian J Sci Technol"},{"key":"10626_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(02)00323-9","volume":"24","author":"A Rizzi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rizzi A, Gatta C, Marini D (2003) A new algorithm for unsupervised global and local color correction. Pattern Recogn Lett 24:1663\u20131677","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"10626_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/746052","volume":"2010","author":"R Schettini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schettini R, Corchs S (2010) Underwater image processing: state of the art of restoration and image enhancement methods. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2010:1\u201314","journal-title":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing"},{"key":"10626_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2004.836395","volume":"31","author":"E Trucco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trucco E, Olmos-Antillon AT (2006) Self-tuning underwater image restoration. IEEE J Ocean Eng 31:511\u2013519","journal-title":"IEEE J Ocean Eng"},{"key":"10626_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2017.06.012","volume":"141","author":"S Vasamsetti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vasamsetti S, Mittal N, Neelapu BC, Sardana HK (2017) Wavelet based perspective on variational enhancement technique for underwater imagery. Ocean Eng 141:88\u2013100","journal-title":"Ocean Eng"},{"key":"10626_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11220-020-00305-3","volume":"21","author":"D Vijayalakshmi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vijayalakshmi D, Nath MK, Acharya OP (2020) A comprehensive survey on image contrast enhancement techniques in spatial domain. Sensing and Imaging 21:1\u201340","journal-title":"Sensing and Imaging"},{"key":"10626_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Ding X, Wang R, Zhang J, Fu X (2017) Fusion-based underwater image enhancement by wavelet decomposition, in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), pp. 1013\u20131018.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIT.2017.7915500"},{"key":"10626_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4316\/AECE.2018.02014","volume":"18","author":"S-L Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong S-L, Paramesran R, Taguchi A (2018) Underwater image enhancement by adaptive gray world and differential gray-levels histogram equalization. Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering 18:109\u2013117","journal-title":"Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"key":"10626_CR54","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"K Xie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xie K, Pan W, Xu S (2018) An underwater image enhancement algorithm for environment recognition and robot navigation. Robotics 7:1\u201313","journal-title":"Robotics"},{"key":"10626_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10700-008-9042-1","volume":"7","author":"C-J Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang C-J, Hu M (2008) Contrast enhancement for image by WNN and GA combining PSNR with information entropy. Fuzzy Optim Decis Making 7:331\u2013349","journal-title":"Fuzzy Optim Decis Making"},{"key":"10626_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.03.029","volume":"245","author":"S Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang S, Wang T, Dong J, Yu H (2017) Underwater image enhancement via extended multi-scale Retinex. Neurocomputing 245:1\u20139","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10626_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng L, Shi H, Sun S (2016) Underwater image enhancement algorithm based on CLAHE and USM, in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA), pp. 585\u2013590.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICInfA.2016.7831889"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10626-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10626-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10626-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T10:09:10Z","timestamp":1706263750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10626-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10626-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}