{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T21:16:02Z","timestamp":1774386962949,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"26","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10991-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:02:24Z","timestamp":1620864144000},"page":"36853-36867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Urban land cover and land use classification using multispectral sentinal-2 imagery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0632-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pramod Kumar","family":"Soni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Navin","family":"Rajpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vikash Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10991_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/014311697218700","volume":"18","author":"PM Atkinson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Atkinson PM, Tatnall ARL (1997) Introduction neural networks in remote sensing. Int J Remote Sens 18(4):699\u2013709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/014311697218700","journal-title":"Int J Remote Sens"},{"key":"10991_CR2","unstructured":"Census of India (n.d.) www.census2011.co.in. Accessed 27 Sep 2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10991_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsbe.2012.05.001","volume":"1","author":"J Chadchan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chadchan J, Shankar R (2012) An analysis of urban growth trends in the post-economic reforms period in India. Int J Sustain Built Environ 1(1):36\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsbe.2012.05.001","journal-title":"Int J Sustain Built Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10991_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018","volume":"20","author":"C Cortes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cortes C, Vapnik V (1995) Support-vector networks. Mach Learn 20(3):273\u2013297","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"issue":"1","key":"10991_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(94)00075-X","volume":"51","author":"M Craig Dobson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Craig Dobson M, Ulaby FT, Pierce LE (1995) Land-cover classification and estimation of terrain attributes using synthetic aperture radar. Remote Sens Environ 51(1):199\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0034-4257(94)00075-X","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10991_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00168-020-00974-8","volume":"65","author":"D Dutta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dutta D, Rahman A, Paul SK, Kundu A (2020) Estimating urban growth in peri-urban areas and its interrelationships with built-up density using earth observation datasets. Ann Reg Sci 65(1):67\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00168-020-00974-8","journal-title":"Ann Reg Sci"},{"key":"10991_CR7","unstructured":"earthexplorer (2020) https:\/\/earthexplorer.usgs.gov\/. Accessed 27 Sep 2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10991_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2017.1392640","volume":"39","author":"M Ga\u0161parovi\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ga\u0161parovi\u0107 M, Jogun T (2018) The effect of fusing Sentinel-2 bands on land-cover classification. Int J Remote Sens 39(3):822\u2013841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01431161.2017.1392640","journal-title":"Int J Remote Sens"},{"key":"10991_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.11.026","volume":"205","author":"R Goldblatt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goldblatt R, Stuhlmacher MF, Tellman B, Clinton N, Hanson G, Georgescu M, Wang C, Serrano-Candela F, Khandelwal AK, Cheng WH, Balling RC Jr (2018) Using Landsat and nighttime lights for supervised pixel-based image classification of urban land cover. Remote Sens Environ 205:253\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2017.11.026","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"key":"10991_CR10","unstructured":"Google (2019) https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"10991_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2017.2786468","volume":"11","author":"J Haas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haas J, Ban Y (2018) Urban land cover and ecosystem service changes based on sentinel-2A MSI and Landsat TM data. IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens 11(2):485\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSTARS.2017.2786468","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens"},{"key":"10991_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Inglada J, Vincent A, Arias M, Tardy B, Morin D, Rodes I (2017) Operational High Resolution Land Cover Map Production at the Country Scale Using Satellite Image Time Series. Remote Sens. 9(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs9010095","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9010095"},{"issue":"4","key":"10991_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1080\/2150704X.2016.1274443","volume":"8","author":"E Isaac","year":"2017","unstructured":"Isaac E, Easwarakumar KS, Isaac J (2017) Urban landcover classification from multispectral image data using optimized AdaBoosted random forests. Remote Sens Lett 8(4):350\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2150704X.2016.1274443","journal-title":"Remote Sens Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"10991_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1080\/10106049.2013.848944","volume":"29","author":"MN Jebur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jebur MN, Mohd Shafri HZ, Pradhan B, Tehrany MS (2014) Per-pixel and object-oriented classification methods for mapping urban land cover extraction using SPOT 5 imagery. Geocarto Int 29(7):792\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10106049.2013.848944","journal-title":"Geocarto Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10991_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2009.06.002","volume":"11","author":"T Kavzoglu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kavzoglu T, Colkesen I (2009) A kernel functions analysis for support vector machines for land cover classification. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 11(5):352\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jag.2009.06.002","journal-title":"Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf"},{"key":"10991_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3017937","volume":"59","author":"G Lantzanakis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lantzanakis G, Mitraka Z, Chrysoulakis N (2020) X-SVM: an extension of C-SVM algorithm for classification of high-resolution satellite imagery. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 59:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3017937","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"issue":"6","key":"10991_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1109\/36.803419","volume":"37","author":"Y-A Liou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Liou Y-A, Tzeng YC, Chen KS (1999) A neural-network approach to radiometric sensing of land-surface parameters. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 37(6):2718\u20132724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/36.803419","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10991_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2010.09.007","volume":"66","author":"K Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu K, Shi W, Zhang H (2011) A fuzzy topology-based maximum likelihood classification. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens 66(1):103\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2010.09.007","journal-title":"ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10991_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2012.02.013","volume":"106","author":"Z Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu Z, He C, Zhang Q, Huang Q, Yang Y (2012) Extracting the dynamics of urban expansion in China using DMSP-OLS nighttime light data from 1992 to 2008. Landsc Urban Plan 106(1):62\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2012.02.013","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"10991_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louis J, Pflug B, Main-Knorn M, Debaecker V, Mueller-Wilm U, Gascon F (2018) Integration and Assimilation of Meteorological (ECMWF) Aerosol Estimates into Sen2Cor Atmospheric Correction. In: IGARSS 2018\u20132018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, pp 1894\u20131897","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2018.8517562"},{"issue":"5","key":"10991_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160600746456","volume":"28","author":"D Lu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lu D, Weng Q (2007) A survey of image classification methods and techniques for improving classification performance. Int J Remote Sens 28(5):823\u2013870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01431160600746456","journal-title":"Int J Remote Sens"},{"key":"10991_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Main-Knorn M, Pflug B, Louis J, Debaecker V (2015) Calibration and validation plan for the L2A processor and products of the Sentinel-2 mission. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE) 2015, vol 40, no W3, pp 1249\u20131255","DOI":"10.5194\/isprsarchives-XL-7-W3-1249-2015"},{"issue":"7","key":"10991_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-1855-2005","volume":"5","author":"B Mayer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mayer B, Kylling A (2005) Technical note: the libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations - description and examples of use. Atmos Chem Phys 5(7):1855\u20131877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-5-1855-2005","journal-title":"Atmos Chem Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10991_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-016-6341-7","volume":"76","author":"VN Mishra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mishra VN, Prasad R, Kumar P, Gupta DK, Srivastava PK (2016) Dual-polarimetric C-band SAR data for land use\/land cover classification by incorporating textural information. Environ Earth Sci 76(1):26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-016-6341-7","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10991_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jum.2020.05.004","volume":"9","author":"MW Naikoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naikoo MW, Rihan M, Ishtiaque M, Shahfahad (2020) Analyses of land use land cover (LULC) change and built-up expansion in the suburb of a metropolitan city: Spatio-temporal analysis of Delhi NCR using landsat datasets. J Urban Manag 9(3):347\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jum.2020.05.004","journal-title":"J Urban Manag"},{"key":"10991_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.02.015","volume":"148","author":"P Olofsson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olofsson P, Foody GM, Herold M, Stehman SV, Woodcock CE, Wulder MA (2014) Good practices for estimating area and assessing accuracy of land change. Remote Sens Environ 148:42\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2014.02.015","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"key":"10991_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2009.11.002","volume":"12","author":"JR Otukei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Otukei JR, Blaschke T (2010) Land cover change assessment using decision trees, support vector machines and maximum likelihood classification algorithms. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 12:S27\u2013S31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jag.2009.11.002","journal-title":"Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf"},{"issue":"15","key":"10991_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2011.552923","volume":"32","author":"RG Pontius","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pontius RG, Millones M (2011) Death to kappa: birth of quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement for accuracy assessment. Int J Remote Sens 32(15):4407\u20134429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01431161.2011.552923","journal-title":"Int J Remote Sens"},{"issue":"10","key":"10991_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2019.2953497","volume":"17","author":"C Qiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiu C, Mou L, Schmitt M, Zhu XX (2020) Fusing multiseasonal Sentinel-2 imagery for urban land cover classification with multibranch residual convolutional neural networks. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 17(10):1787\u20131791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LGRS.2019.2953497","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett"},{"key":"10991_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsase.2020.100351","volume":"19","author":"VK Rana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rana VK, Venkata Suryanarayana TM (2020) Performance evaluation of MLE, RF and SVM classification algorithms for watershed scale land use\/land cover mapping using sentinel 2 bands. Remote Sens Appl Soc Environ 19:100351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rsase.2020.100351","journal-title":"Remote Sens Appl Soc Environ"},{"key":"10991_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6lkopf B, Smola AJ, Bach F et al (2002) Learning with kernels: support vector machines, regularization, optimization, and beyond. MIT Press","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4175.001.0001"},{"issue":"8","key":"10991_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023777","volume":"6","author":"KC Seto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seto KC, Fragkias M, G\u00fcneralp B, Reilly MK (2011) A meta-analysis of global urban land expansion. PLoS One 6(8):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0023777","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10991_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spoto F, Martimort P, Drusch M (2012) Sentinel - 2: ESA\u2019s optical high-resolution mission for GMES operational services. Eur. Sp. Agency, (Special Publ. ESA SP, vol. 707 SP, pp 25\u201336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.11.026"},{"key":"10991_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spoto F et al (2012) Overview Of Sentinel-2. In: 2012 IEEE international geoscience and remote sensing symposium, Jul. 2012, pp 1707\u20131710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IGARSS.2012.6351195.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2012.6351195"},{"issue":"3","key":"10991_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70302899","volume":"7","author":"H Tran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tran H, Tran T, Kervyn M (2015) Dynamics of land cover\/land use changes in the Mekong Delta, 1973\u20132011: a remote sensing analysis of the Tran Van Thoi District, Ca Mau Province, Vietnam. Remote Sens 7(3):2899\u20132925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs70302899","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"10991_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vohra R, Tiwari KC (2020) Comparative Analysis of SVM and ANN Classifiers using Multilevel Fusion of Multi-Sensor Data in Urban Land Classification. Sens. Imaging, vol 21, no 1, p 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11220-020-00280-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11220-020-00280-9"},{"issue":"8","key":"10991_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10143","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70810143","volume":"7","author":"B Wan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wan B, Guo Q, Fang F, Su Y, Wang R (2015) Mapping US urban extents from MODIS data using one-class classification method. Remote Sens 7(8):10143\u201310163","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"10991_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.05.024","volume":"197","author":"HK Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang HK, Roy DP (2017) Using the 500m MODIS land cover product to derive a consistent continental scale 30m Landsat land cover classification. Remote Sens Environ 197:15\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2017.05.024","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"key":"10991_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.07.020","volume":"117","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Woodcock CE, Rogan J, Kellndorfer J (2012) Assessment of spectral, polarimetric, temporal, and spatial dimensions for urban and peri-urban land cover classification using Landsat and SAR data. Remote Sens Environ 117:72\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2011.07.020","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10991-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10991-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10991-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T19:41:25Z","timestamp":1725046885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10991-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"26","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10991-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}