{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T14:18:46Z","timestamp":1777126726279,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","award":["2019-359-CSIT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-359-CSIT"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11075-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T18:02:41Z","timestamp":1621879361000},"page":"15223-15251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Iris segmentation for non-ideal Iris biometric systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9118-3652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farmanullah","family":"Jan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Alrashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasro","family":"Min-Allah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"11075_CR1","unstructured":"Ahad MAR, Paul T, Shammi U, Kobashi S (2018) A study on face detection using Viola-Jones algorithm for various backgrounds, Angels and Distances. Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"11075_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3601","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-019-00947-0","volume":"10","author":"H Arshad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arshad H, Khan M, Sharif M, Mussarat Y, Javed M (2019) Multi-level features fusion and selection for human gait recognition: an optimized framework of Bayesian model and binomial distribution. Int J Mach Learn Cybern 10:3601\u20133618","journal-title":"Int J Mach Learn Cybern"},{"key":"11075_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arshad H, Khan M, Sharif M, Yasmin M, Tavares J, Zhang Y-D, Satapathy S (2020) A multilevel paradigm for deep convolutional neural network features selection with an application to human gait recognition. Expert Syst","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12541"},{"key":"11075_CR4","first-page":"1859","volume":"2014","author":"A Asthana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Asthana A, Zafeiriou S, Cheng S, Pantic M (2014) Incremental face alignment in the wild. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2014:1859\u20131866","journal-title":"IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"11075_CR5","unstructured":"Biometric_SmartCity (n.d.) https:\/\/www.smartcity.press\/cybersecurity-with-biometric-technology\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"11075_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5565\/rev\/elcvia.1044","volume":"17","author":"T Boonchuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boonchuan T, Setumin S, Radman A, Suandi SA (2018) Efficient Iris and eyelids detection from facial sketch images. Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis 17(1):16\u201328","journal-title":"Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"11075_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.08.005","volume":"110","author":"KW Bowyer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bowyer KW, Hollingsworth K, Flynn PJ (2008) Image understanding for iris biometrics: a survey. Comput Vis Image Underst 110(2):281\u2013307","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Underst"},{"key":"11075_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowyer K, Hollingsworth K, Flynn P (2012) A Survey of Iris Biometrics Research: 2008-2010. Handbook of Iris Recognition","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4402-1_2"},{"key":"11075_CR9","unstructured":"CASIA_database (n.d.) CASIA database; http:\/\/biometrics.idealtest.org\/dbDetailForUser.do?id=4. Accessed 13 Jan 2020"},{"key":"11075_CR10","unstructured":"CASIA_Iris_Database (n.d.) http:\/\/www.cbsr.ia.ac.cn\/english\/IrisDatabase.asp."},{"key":"11075_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dal-ho C, Kang Ryoung P, Dae Woong R, Yanggon K, Jonghoon Y (2006) Pupil and Iris Localization for Iris Recognition in Mobile Phones. In: Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel\/Distributed Computing, 2006 SNPD 2006 Seventh ACIS International Conference on: 19\u201320 June 2006, 2006:197\u2013201","DOI":"10.1109\/SNPD-SAWN.2006.58"},{"key":"11075_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dantcheva A, Erdogmus N, Dugelay JL (2011) On the reliability of eye color as a soft biometric trait. In: Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2011 IEEE Workshop on: 5\u20137 Jan. 2011, 2011:227\u2013231","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2011.5711507"},{"issue":"11","key":"11075_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1109\/34.244676","volume":"15","author":"JG Daugman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Daugman JG (1993) High confidence visual recognition of persons by a test of statistical independence. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on 15(11):1148\u20131161","journal-title":"Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on"},{"issue":"5","key":"11075_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2007.903540","volume":"37","author":"J Daugman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Daugman J (2007) New methods in Iris recognition. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, IEEE Transactions on 37(5):1167\u20131175","journal-title":"Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, IEEE Transactions on"},{"key":"11075_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.14257\/ijca.2018.11.5.06","volume":"11","author":"S el Kaddouhi","year":"2018","unstructured":"el Kaddouhi S, Saaidi A, Abarkan M (2018) Eye detection based on Viola & Jones Detector, skin color, and eye template. International Journal of Control and Automation 11:59\u201372","journal-title":"International Journal of Control and Automation"},{"key":"11075_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan D-P, Liu J-J, Gao S, Hou Q, Borji A, Cheng M-M (2018) Salient objects in clutter: bringing salient object detection to the foreground. European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01267-0_12"},{"key":"11075_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.04.062","volume":"356","author":"K Fu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fu K, Zhao Q, Gu I, Yang J (2019) Deepside: A General Deep Framework for Salient Object Detection. Neurocomputing 356:69\u201382","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"11075_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu K, Fan D-P, Ji G-P, Zhao Q (2020) JL-DCF: joint learning and densely-cooperative fusion framework for RGB-D salient object detection","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00312"},{"issue":"1","key":"11075_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13640-019-0473-0","volume":"2019","author":"F Fuentes-Hurtado","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fuentes-Hurtado F, Naranjo V, Diego-Mas JA, Alca\u00f1iz M (2019) A hybrid method for accurate iris segmentation on at-a-distance visible-wavelength images. EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing 2019(1):75","journal-title":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing"},{"key":"11075_CR20","unstructured":"Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (1992) Digital image processing, 2nd edition. Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference (April 30, 1992)"},{"key":"11075_CR21","unstructured":"IITD_iris_databases (2019) http:\/\/www.iitd.ac.in\/. Accessed 2 August 2019"},{"key":"11075_CR22","unstructured":"Jan F (2014) Development And Analysis of Robust Iris Segmentation Algorithms for Non Ideal Iris Recognition System. PhD Thesis COMSATS Univeristy Islamabad 2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"11075_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2012.06.001","volume":"22","author":"F Jan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jan F, Usman I, Agha S (2012) Iris localization in frontal eye images for less constrained iris recognition systems. Digital Signal Processing 22(6):971\u2013986","journal-title":"Digital Signal Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"11075_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2012.07.033","volume":"93","author":"F Jan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jan F, Usman I, Agha S (2013) Reliable iris localization using Hough transform, histogram-bisection, and eccentricity. Signal Process 93(1):230\u2013241","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"issue":"8","key":"11075_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3788\/COL201311.081501","volume":"11","author":"F Jan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jan F, Usman I, Khan SA (2013) Robust iris biometric system for visible wavelength data. Chin Opt Lett 11(8):081501","journal-title":"Chin Opt Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"11075_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2009.04.001","volume":"28","author":"DS Jeong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jeong DS, Hwang JW, Kang BJ, Park KR, Won CS, Park D-K, Kim J (2010) A new iris segmentation method for non-ideal iris images. Image Vis Comput 28(2):254\u2013260","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"key":"11075_CR27","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"Y Ji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ji Y, Wang S, Lu Y, Wei J, Zhao Y (2018) Eye and mouth state detection algorithm based on contour feature extraction. Journal of Electronic Imaging 27:1","journal-title":"Journal of Electronic Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"11075_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2010.04.051","volume":"1","author":"J-S Kang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kang J-S (2010) Mobile iris recognition systems: an emerging biometric technology. Procedia Computer Science 1(1):475\u2013484","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"11075_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2010.08.020","volume":"49","author":"TM Khan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khan TM, Aurangzeb Khan M, Malik SA, Khan SA, Bashir T, Dar AH (2011) Automatic localization of pupil using eccentricity and iris using gradient based method. Opt Lasers Eng 49(2):177\u2013187","journal-title":"Opt Lasers Eng"},{"key":"11075_CR30","unstructured":"Lagrange_Interpolating_Polynomial (n.d.) Lagrange Interpolating Polynomial. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lagrange_polynomial. Accessed 24 May 2021"},{"key":"11075_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li P, Ma H (2012) Iris recognition in non-ideal imaging conditions. Pattern Recognition Letters - PRL 33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2011.06.017"},{"key":"11075_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Hu H, Zhou G (2018) Using Data Augmentation in Continuous Authentication on Smartphones. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2018, PP:1\u20131","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2851185"},{"key":"11075_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Hu H, Zhou G, Deng S (2018) Sensor-based Continuous Authentication Using Cost-Effective Kernel Ridge Regression. IEEE Access 2018, PP:1\u20131","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2841347"},{"key":"11075_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"2019","author":"YH Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li YH, Huang PJ, Juan Y (2019) An efficient and robust Iris segmentation algorithm using deep learning. Mob Inf Syst 2019:1\u201314","journal-title":"Mob Inf Syst"},{"key":"11075_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3397179","volume":"16","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Hu H, Zhu Z, Zhou G (2020) SCANet: sensor-based continuous authentication with two-stream convolutional neural networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 16:1\u201327","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"},{"key":"11075_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Zou B, Deng S, Zhou G (2020) Using Feature Fusion Strategies in Continuous Authentication on Smartphones. IEEE Internet Computing 2020, PP:1\u20131.","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2020.2971447"},{"key":"11075_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2020.102682","volume":"100","author":"L Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma L, Li H, Yu K (2020) Fast iris localization algorithm on noisy images based on conformal geometric algebra. Digital Signal Processing 100:102682","journal-title":"Digital Signal Processing"},{"issue":"3","key":"11075_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.22.3.033033","volume":"22","author":"L Marco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marco L, Dario D, Tommaso DM, Cosimo D (2013) Unsupervised approach for the accurate localization of the pupils in near-frontal facial images. Journal of Electronic Imaging 22(3):033033","journal-title":"Journal of Electronic Imaging"},{"key":"11075_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehmood A, Khan M, Sharif M, Khan S, Shaheen M, Saba T, Riaz N, Ashraf I (2020) Prosperous human gait recognition: an end-to-end system based on pre-trained CNN features selection. Multimed Tools Appl","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08928-0"},{"key":"11075_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102231","volume":"59","author":"N Min-Allah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Min-Allah N, Alrashed S (2020) Smart campus\u2014a sketch. Sustain Cities Soc 59:102231","journal-title":"Sustain Cities Soc"},{"key":"11075_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101523","volume":"48","author":"N Min-Allah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Min-Allah N, Qureshi MB, Alrashed S, Rana OF (2019) Cost efficient resource allocation for real-time tasks in embedded systems. Sustain Cities Soc 48:101523","journal-title":"Sustain Cities Soc"},{"key":"11075_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Min-Allah N, Qureshi MB, Jan F, Alrashed S, Taheri J (2020) Deployment of real-time systems in the cloud environment. J Supercomput","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-020-03334-7"},{"key":"11075_CR43","unstructured":"MMU_database (2020) MMU database; http:\/\/pesona.mmu.edu.my\/~ccteo\/. Accessed 13 Jan 2020"},{"key":"11075_CR44","unstructured":"MMU_Iris_Database (n.d.) https:\/\/www.cs.princeton.edu\/~andyz\/downloads\/MMUIrisDatabase.zip."},{"key":"11075_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.05.021","volume":"72","author":"K Nguyen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nguyen K, Fookes C, Jillela R, Sridharan S, Ross A (2017) Long range iris recognition: a survey. Pattern Recogn 72:123\u2013143","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"11075_CR46","first-page":"735","volume":"58","author":"R Ogla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ogla R, Ogla A, Abdul Hussien A, Mahmood M (2017) Face detection by using OpenCV's Viola-Jones algorithm based on coding eyes. Iraqi Journal of Science 58:735\u2013745","journal-title":"Iraqi Journal of Science"},{"key":"11075_CR47","unstructured":"OpenCV (2020) https:\/\/opencv.org\/. Accessed 7\/4\/2020"},{"key":"11075_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.5121\/ijcses.2011.2303","volume":"2","author":"Z Orman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Orman Z, Battal A, Kemer E (2011) A study on face, eye detection and gaze estimation. International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Survey 2:29\u201346","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Survey"},{"key":"11075_CR49","first-page":"1837","volume":"10","author":"SAH Prabhakar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prabhakar SAH (2018) Eye Segmentation Using Viola-Jones Algorithm on FMM Compressed Images for Aiding Eye Gaze Analysis. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 10:1837\u20131842","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems"},{"issue":"12","key":"11075_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2010.05.004","volume":"28","author":"S Pundlik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pundlik S, Woodard D, Birchfield S (2010) Iris segmentation in non-ideal images using graph cuts. Image Vis Comput 28(12):1671\u20131681","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"key":"11075_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salah AA (2009) Face authentication for an activity-related biometrics system. In: Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, 2009 SIU 2009 IEEE 17th: 9\u201311 April 2009 2009; 712\u2013715","DOI":"10.1109\/SIU.2009.5136495"},{"key":"11075_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.02.047","volume":"67","author":"M Sardar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sardar M, Mitra S, Shankar BU (2018) Iris localization using rough entropy and CSA: a soft computing approach. Appl Soft Comput 67:61\u201369","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"11075_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4018\/JOEUC.2020040104","volume":"32","author":"M Sharif","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharif M, Khan M, Tahir M, Yasmin M, Saba T, Tanik U (2020) A machine learning method with threshold based parallel feature fusion and feature selection for automated gait recognition. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 32:67\u201392","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational and End User Computing"},{"key":"11075_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2016.11.150","volume":"140","author":"NF Soliman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soliman NF, Mohamed E, Magdi F, El-Samie FEA, Muhmmad A (2017) Efficient iris localization and recognition. Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 140:469\u2013475","journal-title":"Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics"},{"key":"11075_CR55","unstructured":"UBIRIS_database (2020) UBIRIS database; http:\/\/iris.di.ubi.pt\/. Accessed 13 Jan 2020"},{"key":"11075_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Utaminingrum F, Prasetya R, Arum Sari Y (2017) Image processing for rapidly eye detection based on robust Haar sliding window. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 07","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v7i2.pp823-830"},{"issue":"2","key":"11075_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000013087.49260.fb","volume":"57","author":"P Viola","year":"2004","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones MJ (2004) Robust real-time face detection. Int J Comput Vis 57(2):137\u2013154","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"11075_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vyas R, Kanumuri T, Sheoran G (2018) An Approach for Iris Segmentation in Constrained Environments. In: Panigrahi B, Hoda M, Sharma V, Goel S (eds) Nature Inspired Computing Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 652 Springer, Singapore. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/320213979_An_Approach_for_Iris_Segmentation_in_Constrained_Environments. Accessed 24 May 2021","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-6747-1_12"},{"key":"11075_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-6747-1_12","volume-title":"Nature inspired computing: 2018\/\/ 2018","author":"R Vyas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vyas R, Kanumuri T, Sheoran G (2018) An approach for Iris segmentation in constrained environments. In: Nature inspired computing: 2018\/\/ 2018. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp 99\u2013107"},{"key":"11075_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.5201\/ipol.2014.104","volume":"4","author":"Y-Q Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Y-Q (2014) An analysis of the Viola-Jones face detection algorithm. Image Processing On Line 4:128\u2013148","journal-title":"Image Processing On Line"},{"key":"11075_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7952152","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7952152","volume":"2017","author":"Q Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Q, Liu Z, Tong S, Yang Y, Zhang X (2017) Efficient Iris localization via optimization model. Math Probl Eng 2017:7952152","journal-title":"Math Probl Eng"},{"key":"11075_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang T, Piao Y, Lu H, Li X, Zhang L (2019) Deep learning for light field saliency detection","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00893"},{"issue":"9","key":"11075_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1109\/5.628669","volume":"85","author":"RP Wildes","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wildes RP (1997) Iris recognition: an emerging biometric technology. Proc IEEE 85(9):1348\u20131363","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"issue":"19","key":"11075_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13089","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08443-x","volume":"79","author":"KS Yadav","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yadav KS, Singha J (2020) Facial expression recognition using modified Viola-John\u2019s algorithm and KNN classifier. Multimed Tools Appl 79(19):13089\u201313107","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"11075_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhang J, Lin Z, Lu H, He Y (2019) CapSal: leveraging captioning to boost semantics for salient object detection","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00618"},{"key":"11075_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang J, Fan D-P, Dai Y, Anwar S, Saleh F, Zhang T, Barnes N (2020) UC-net: uncertainty inspired RGB-D saliency detection via conditional Variational autoencoders","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00861"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11075-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11075-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11075-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T10:11:41Z","timestamp":1706263901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11075-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["11075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11075-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, corresponding author declares that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}