{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T20:38:40Z","timestamp":1781901520165,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11537-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T11:13:33Z","timestamp":1659006813000},"page":"39617-39632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Automated waste-sorting and recycling classification using artificial neural network and features fusion: a digital-enabled circular economy vision for smart cities"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mazin Abed","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmood Jamal","family":"Abdulhasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nallapaneni Manoj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karrar Hameed","family":"Abdulkareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salama A.","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashael S.","family":"Maashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layth Salman","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayder Saadoon","family":"Abdulaali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shauhrat S.","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"11537_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aazam M, St-Hilaire M, Lung CH, Lambadaris I (2016) Cloud-based smart waste management for smart cities. In: 2016 IEEE 21st international workshop on computer aided modelling and design of communication links and networks (CAMAD). IEEE, pp 188\u2013193","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMAD.2016.7790356"},{"issue":"3","key":"11537_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3882-6","volume":"32","author":"MK Abd Ghani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abd Ghani MK, Mohammed MA, Arunkumar N, Mostafa SA, Ibrahim DA, Abdullah MK, Burhanuddin MA (2020) Decision-level fusion scheme for nasopharyngeal carcinoma identification using machine learning techniques. Neural Comput Appl 32(3):625\u2013638","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"11537_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-021-00475-2","volume":"31","author":"C Janiesch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Janiesch C, Zschech P, Heinrich K (2021) Machine learning and deep learning. Electron Mark 31(3):685\u2013695","journal-title":"Electron Mark"},{"key":"11537_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2019.05.086","volume":"35","author":"O Adedeji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adedeji O, Wang Z (2019) Intelligent waste classification system using deep learning convolutional neural network. Procedia Manuf 35:607\u2013612","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf"},{"key":"11537_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.01.003","volume":"122","author":"B Adelodun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adelodun B, Kim SH, Choi KS (2021) Assessment of food waste generation and composition among Korean households using novel sampling and statistical approaches. Waste Manag 122:71\u201380","journal-title":"Waste Manag"},{"key":"11537_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96495","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2995681","volume":"8","author":"K Ahmad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmad K, Khan K, Al-Fuqaha A (2020) Intelligent fusion of deep features for improved waste classification. IEEE Access 8:96495\u201396504","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"6","key":"11537_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1108\/MEQ-10-2019-0214","volume":"31","author":"MS Ahmmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmmed MS, Arif MF, Hossain MM (2020) Prediction of solid waste generation and finding the sustainable pathways in the city of Dhaka. Manag Environ Qual 31(6):1587\u20131601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/MEQ-10-2019-0214","journal-title":"Manag Environ Qual"},{"key":"11537_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi C, Wu M, Zheng J, Chen Q, Chai L (2022) Rapid identification of reactivity for the efficient recycling of coal fly ash: hybrid machine learning modeling and interpretation.\u00a0J Clean Prod 343:130958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130958"},{"key":"11537_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10185","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-020-04637-w","volume":"45","author":"T Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali T, Irfan M, Alwadie AS, Glowacz A (2020) IoT-based smart waste bin monitoring and municipal solid waste management system for smart cities. Arab J Sci Eng 45:10185\u201310198","journal-title":"Arab J Sci Eng"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"11537_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-010-1642-x","volume":"177","author":"M Arebey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arebey M, Hannan MA, Basri H, Begum RA, Abdullah H (2011) Integrated technologies for solid waste bin monitoring system. Environ Monit Assess 177(1\u20134):399\u2013408","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"11537_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.01.193","volume":"8","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X (2022) Machine learning approach for a circular economy with waste recycling in smart cities. Energy Rep 8:3127\u20133140","journal-title":"Energy Rep"},{"key":"11537_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5060857","author":"Y Chu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chu Y, Huang C, Xie X, Tan B, Kamal S, Xiong X (2018) Multilayer hybrid deep-learning method for waste classification and recycling. Comput Intell Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/5060857","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"key":"11537_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kapoor NR, Kumar A, Kumar A, Kumar A et al (2022) Machine learning-based CO2 prediction for office room: a pilot study.\u00a0Wirel Commun Mob Comput\u00a02022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/9404807","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9404807"},{"key":"11537_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fayomi GU, Mini SE, Chisom CM, Fayomi OSI, Udoye NE, Agboola O, Oomole D (2021) Smart waste management for smart city: impact on industrialization. In: IOP conference series: earth and environmental science. IOP Publishing, vol 655, No 1, p 012040","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/655\/1\/012040"},{"key":"11537_CR15","unstructured":"Glouche Y, Couderc P (2013) A smart waste management with self-describing objects. In: The second international conference on smart systems, devices and technologies (SMART'13), IARIA, Jun 2013, Rome, Italy. \u27e8hal-00924270\u27e9"},{"key":"11537_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112140","volume":"286","author":"D Hantoko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hantoko D, Li X, Pariatamby A, Yoshikawa K, Horttanainen M, Yan M (2021) Challenges and practices on waste management and disposal during COVID-19 pandemic. J Environ Manag 286:112140","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"11537_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2017.11.057","volume":"74","author":"M Kannangara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kannangara M, Dua R, Ahmadi L, Bensebaa F (2018) Modeling and prediction of regional municipal solid waste generation and diversion in Canada using machine learning approaches. Waste Manage 74:3\u201315","journal-title":"Waste Manage"},{"key":"11537_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51258","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3069770","volume":"9","author":"SA Kashinath","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kashinath SA et al (2021) Review of data fusion methods for real-time and multi-sensor traffic flow analysis. IEEE Access 9:51258\u201351276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3069770","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"11537_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2017.09.005","volume":"127","author":"J Kirchherr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kirchherr J, Reike D, Hekkert M (2017) Conceptualizing the circular economy: an analysis of 114 definitions. Resour Conserv Recycl 127:221\u2013232","journal-title":"Resour Conserv Recycl"},{"key":"11537_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2018.08.045","volume":"79","author":"A Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar A, Samadder SR, Kumar N, Singh C (2018) Estimation of the generation rate of different types of plastic wastes and possible revenue recovery from informal recycling. Waste Manag 79:781\u2013790","journal-title":"Waste Manag"},{"key":"11537_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar NM, Mohammed MA, Abdulkareem KH, Damasevicius R, Mostafa SA, Maashi MS, Chopra SS (2021) Artificial intelligence-based solution for sorting COVID related medical waste streams and supporting data-driven decisions for smart circular economy practice. Process Saf Environ Prot 152:482\u2013494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2021.06.026"},{"key":"11537_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2021.105442","volume":"168","author":"B Madden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Madden B, Florin N, Mohr S, Giurco D (2021) Spatial modelling of municipal waste generation: Deriving property lot estimates with limited data. Resour Conserv Recycl 168:105442","journal-title":"Resour Conserv Recycl"},{"issue":"4","key":"11537_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10040447","volume":"10","author":"SN Makhadmeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Makhadmeh SN, Al-Betar MA, Alyasseri ZAA, Abasi AK, Khader AT, Dama\u0161evi\u010dius R, Mohammed MA, Abdulkareem KH (2021) Smart home battery for the multi-objective power scheduling problem in a smart home using grey wolf optimizer. Electronics 10(4):447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics10040447","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"11537_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-7106-0_20","volume":"1","author":"MA Modi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Modi MA, Patel TM (2021) Syngas Assessment from Plastic Waste Using Artificial Neural Network\u2014A Review. Mach Learn Predict Anal 1:203\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-7106-0_20","journal-title":"Mach Learn Predict Anal"},{"issue":"3","key":"11537_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00592-x","volume":"2","author":"IH Sarker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarker IH (2021) Machine learning: algorithms, real-world applications and research directions. SN Computer Science 2(3):1\u201321","journal-title":"SN Computer Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"11537_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X211033716","volume":"40","author":"W Xia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xia W, Jiang Y, Chen X, Zhao R (2022) Application of machine learning algorithms in municipal solid waste management: a mini review. Waste Manag Res 40(6):609\u2013624","journal-title":"Waste Manag Res"},{"key":"11537_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaman A (2022) Waste management 4.0: an application of a machine learning model to identify and measure household waste contamination\u2014a case study in Australia. Sustainability 14(5):3061","DOI":"10.3390\/su14053061"},{"key":"11537_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz V, S\u00e1nchez \u00c1, V\u00e9lez JF, Raducanu B (2019) Automatic image-based waste classification. In: International work-conference on the interplay between natural and artificial computation. Springer, Cham, pp 422\u2013431","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-19651-6_41"},{"key":"11537_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa J, Rebelo A, Cardoso JS (2019) Automation of waste sorting with deep learning. In: 2019 XV Workshop de Vis\u00e3o Computacional (WVC). IEEE, pp 43\u201348","DOI":"10.1109\/WVC.2019.8876924"},{"key":"11537_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2019.107459","volume":"153","author":"M To\u011fa\u00e7ar","year":"2020","unstructured":"To\u011fa\u00e7ar M, Ergen B, C\u00f6mert Z (2020) Waste classification using AutoEncoder network with integrated feature selection method in convolutional neural network models. Measurement 153:107459","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"11537_CR31","unstructured":"Yang M, Thung G (2016) Classification of trash for recyclability status. CS229 Project Report, 2016"},{"key":"11537_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034","volume":"126","author":"H Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao H, Liu H, Wei G, Wang H, Zhu Y, Zhang R, Yang Y (2021) Comparative life cycle assessment of emergency disposal scenarios for medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Waste Manag 126:388\u2013399","journal-title":"Waste Manag"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11537-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11537-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11537-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T12:56:26Z","timestamp":1744203386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11537-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["11537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11537-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}