{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T10:52:42Z","timestamp":1783335162727,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12004-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T10:02:47Z","timestamp":1653991367000},"page":"44087-44107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Medical image watermarking for secure e-healthcare applications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Med Sayah","family":"Moad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Redouane","family":"Kafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1637-9129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amine","family":"Khaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"12004_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-01903-0","author":"SBB Ahmadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmadi SBB, Zhang G, Rabbani M, Boukela L, Jelodar H (2020) An intelligent and blind dual color image watermarking for authentication and copyright protection. Appl Intell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10489-020-01903-0","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"key":"12004_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmadi SBB, Zhang G, Wei S (2020) Robust and hybrid SVD-based image watermarking schemes. Multimed Tools Appl 79(1):1075\u20131117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-019-08197-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08197-6"},{"key":"12004_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amine K, Fares K, Redouane KM, Salah E (2021) Medical image watermarking for telemedicine application security. J Circuit Syst Comp 2250097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0218126622500979","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126622500979"},{"key":"12004_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anand A, Singh AK (2020) An improved DWT-SVD domain watermarking for medical information security. Comput Commun 152:72\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.01.038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.01.038"},{"key":"12004_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.07.064","volume":"101","author":"TK Araghi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Araghi TK, Manaf AAbd (2019) An enhanced hybrid image watermarking scheme for security of medical and non-medical images based on DWT and 2-D SVD. Future Gener Comput Syst 101:1223\u20131246","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"12004_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayubi P, Setayeshi S, Rahmani AM (2020) Deterministic chaos game: A new fractal based pseudo-random number generator and its cryptographic application. J Inf Secur Appl 52:102472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisa.2020.102472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2020.102472"},{"issue":"2","key":"12004_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-020-01808-6","volume":"37","author":"S Bagheri Baba Ahmadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bagheri Baba Ahmadi S, Zhang G, Wei S, Boukela L (2021) An intelligent and blind image watermarking scheme based on hybrid SVD transforms using human visual system characteristics. Vis Comput 37(2):385\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01808-6","journal-title":"Vis Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"12004_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4018\/IJDCF.2019040102","volume":"11","author":"S Borra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Borra S, Thanki R (2019) A FRT - SVD based blind medical watermarking technique for telemedicine applications. Int J Digit Crime Forensics (IJDCF) 11(2):13\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/IJDCF.2019040102","journal-title":"Int J Digit Crime Forensics (IJDCF)"},{"key":"12004_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borra S, Thanki R (2020) Crypto-watermarking scheme for tamper detection of medical images. Computer Methods Biomech Biomed Eng Imaging Vis 8(4):345\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21681163.2019.1595730","DOI":"10.1080\/21681163.2019.1595730"},{"key":"12004_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Borra S, Thanki R, Dey N, Borisagar K (2019) Secure transmission and integrity verification of color radiological images using fast discrete curvelet transform and compressive sensing. Smart Health 12:35\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smhl.2018.02.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhl.2018.02.001"},{"key":"12004_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cedillo-Hernandez M, Cedillo-Hernandez A, Nakano-Miyatake M, Perez-Meana H (2020) Improving the management of medical imaging by using robust and secure dual watermarking. Biomed Signal Process Control 56:101695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bspc.2019.101695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2019.101695"},{"key":"12004_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Devi HS, Singh KM (2020) Red-cyan anaglyph image watermarking using DWT, Hadamard transform and singular value decomposition for copyright protection. J Inf Secur Appl 50:102424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisa.2019.102424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2019.102424"},{"key":"12004_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Euschi S, Khaldi A, Kafi R, Kahlessenane F (2021) A Fourier transform based audio watermarking algorithm. Appl Acoust 172:107652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apacoust.2020.107652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2020.107652"},{"key":"12004_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fares K, Amine K, Salah E (2020) A robust blind color image watermarking based on Fourier transform domain. Optik 208:164562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.164562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.164562"},{"key":"12004_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fares K, Khaldi A, Redouane K, Salah E (2021) DCT & DWT based watermarking scheme for medical information security. Biomed Signal Process Control 66:102403.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bspc.2020.102403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2020.102403"},{"key":"12004_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gangadhar Y, Giridhar Akula VS, Reddy PC (2018) An evolutionary programming approach for securing medical images using watermarking scheme in invariant discrete wavelet transformation. Biomed Signal Process Control 43:31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bspc.2018.02.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2018.02.007"},{"key":"12004_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Geetha R, Geetha S (2020) Embedding electronic patient information in clinical images: an improved and efficient reversible data hiding technique. Multimed Tools Appl 79:12869\u201312890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-019-08484-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08484-2"},{"key":"12004_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hurrah NN, Parah SA, Sheikh JA (2020) Embedding in medical images: an efficient scheme for authentication and tamper localization. Multimed Tools Appl 79(29):21441\u201321470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08988-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08988-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"12004_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08225-5","volume":"79","author":"M Jafari Barani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jafari Barani M, Ayubi P, Valandar MY, Yosefnezhad Irani B (2020) A blind video watermarking algorithm robust to lossy video compression attacks based on generalized Newton complex map and contourlet transform. Multimed Tools Appl 79(3):2127\u20132159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-019-08225-5","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"12004_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jafari Barani M, Ayubi P, Yousefi Valandar M, Irani BY (2020) A new Pseudo random number generator based on generalized Newton complex map with dynamic key. J Inf Sec Appl 53:102509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisa.2020.102509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2020.102509"},{"issue":"3","key":"12004_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-020-03215-x","volume":"24","author":"F Kahlessenane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kahlessenane F, Khaldi A, Kafi R, Euschi S (2021) A robust blind medical image watermarking approach for telemedicine applications. Cluster Comput 24(3):2069\u20132082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10586-020-03215-x","journal-title":"Cluster Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"12004_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-02450-9","volume":"12","author":"F Kahlessenane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kahlessenane F, Khaldi A, Kafi R, Euschi S (2021) A DWT based watermarking approach for medical image protection. J Ambient Intell Hum Comput 12(2):2931\u20132938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-020-02450-9","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Hum Comput"},{"key":"12004_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kahlessenane F, Khaldi A, Kafi MR, Zermi N, Euschi S (2021) A value parity combination based scheme for retinal images watermarking. Opt Quant Electron 53(3):161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11082-021-02793-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-021-02793-3"},{"key":"12004_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kahlessenane F, Khaldi A, Kafi MR, Euschi S (2021) A color value differentiation scheme for blind digital image watermarking. Multimed Tools Appl 80(13):19827-19844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10713-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10713-6"},{"key":"12004_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khaldi A (2018) Diffie-hellman key exchange through steganographied images. Law State Telecommun Rev 10(1) Art. no. 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26512\/lstr.v10i1.21504","DOI":"10.26512\/lstr.v10i1.21504"},{"key":"12004_CR26","unstructured":"Khaldi A (2020) An invariable to rotation data hiding scheme for semi-fragile blind watermark. J Telecommun Electron Comput Eng (JTEC) 12(4), Art. no. 4:65-69"},{"issue":"5","key":"12004_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCVR.2020.10029218","volume":"10","author":"Khaldi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khaldi (2020) A lossless blind image data hiding scheme for semi-fragile image watermark. Int J Comput Vis Robot 10(5):373\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJCVR.2020.10029218","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis Robot"},{"key":"12004_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ko H-J, Huang C-T, Horng G, Wang S-J (2020) Robust and blind image watermarking in DCT domain using inter-block coefficient correlation. Inf Sci 517:128147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2019.11.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.11.005"},{"key":"12004_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kukreja S, Kasana G, Kasana SS (2020) Curvelet transform based robust copyright protection scheme for color images using extended visual cryptography. Multimed Tools Appl 79:26155\u201326179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-09130-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09130-y"},{"key":"12004_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Y, Tang S, Liu R, Zhang L, Ma Z (2018) Secure and robust digital image watermarking scheme using logistic and RSA encryption. Expert Syst Appl 97:95\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.12.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.12.003"},{"key":"12004_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luo Y, Peng D (2020) A robust watermarking method for MPEG-4 SLS audio. Multimed Tools Appl 79(43):32259\u201332283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-09507-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09507-z"},{"key":"12004_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moad MS, Kafi MR, Khaldi A (2022) A non-subsampled Shearlet transform based approach for heartbeat sound watermarking. Biomed Signal Process Control 71:103114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.103114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.103114"},{"key":"12004_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moosazadeh M, Ekbatanifard G (2019) A new DCT-based robust image watermarking method using teaching-learning-Based optimization. J Inf Secur Appl 47:28\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisa.2019.04.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2019.04.001"},{"key":"12004_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mothi R, Karthikeyan M (2019) Protection of bio medical iris image using watermarking and cryptography with WPT. Measurement 136:67\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.measurement.2018.12.030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2018.12.030"},{"key":"12004_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Narima Z, Khaldi A, Redouane K, Fares K, Salah E (2021) A DWT-SVD based robust digital watermarking for medical image security. Forensic Sci Int 110691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2021.110691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2021.110691"},{"key":"12004_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nematzadeh H, Enayatifar R, Motameni H, Guimar\u00e3es FG, Coelho VN (2018) Medical image encryption using a hybrid model of modified genetic algorithm and coupled map lattices. Opt Lasers Eng 110:24\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2018.05.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2018.05.009"},{"key":"12004_CR37","unstructured":"Ocular Disease Recognition, Right and left eye fundus photographs of 5000 patients. https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/andrewmvd\/ocular-disease-recognition-odir5k. Accessed 27 Dec\u00a02021"},{"key":"12004_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saadi S (2019) Novel secured scheme for blind audio\/speech norm-space watermarking by Arnold algorithm. Signal Process 154:74\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.08.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.08.011"},{"issue":"12","key":"12004_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126621502108","volume":"30","author":"E Salah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salah E, Amine K, Redouane KM, Fares K (2021) Spatial and frequency approaches for audio file protection. J Circuit Syst Comp 30(12):210\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0218126621502108","journal-title":"J Circuit Syst Comp"},{"key":"12004_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26984","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2966234","volume":"8","author":"G-D Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su G-D, Chang C-C, Lin C-C (2020) A high capacity reversible data hiding in encrypted AMBTC-compressed images. IEEE Access 8:26984\u201327000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2966234","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"12004_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thanki R, Borra S (2019) Fragile watermarking for copyright authentication and tamper detection of medical images using compressive sensing (CS) based encryption and contourlet domain processing. Multimed Tools Appl 78(10):13905\u201313924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6746-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6746-2"},{"key":"12004_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thanki R, Kothari A, Trivedi D (2019) Hybrid and blind watermarking scheme in DCuT \u2013 RDWT domain. J Inf Secur Appl 46:231\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisa.2019.03.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2019.03.017"},{"key":"12004_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thanki R, Borra S, Dwivedi V, Borisagar K (2017) A RONI based visible watermarking approach for medical image authentication. J Med Syst 41(9):143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10916-017-0795-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-017-0795-3"},{"key":"12004_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verma U, Sharma N (2019) Hybrid mode of medical image watermarking to enhance robustness and imperceptibility. Int J Innov Technol Exploring Eng 9:351\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35940\/ijitee.A4126.119119","DOI":"10.35940\/ijitee.A4126.119119"},{"issue":"2","key":"12004_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04524-z","volume":"24","author":"M Yousefi Valandar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yousefi Valandar M, Jafari Barani M, Ayubi P (2020) A blind and robust color images watermarking method based on block transform and secured by modified 3-dimensional H\u00e9non map. Soft Comput 24(2):771\u2013794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-019-04524-z","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"12004_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuan G, Hao Q (2020) Digital watermarking secure scheme for remote sensing image protection. China Commun 17(4):88\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/JCC.2020.04.009","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2020.04.009"},{"key":"12004_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuan Z, Liu D, Zhang X, Su Q (2020) New image blind watermarking method based on two-dimensional discrete cosine transform. Optik 204:164152.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijleo.2019.164152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2019.164152"},{"key":"12004_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zermi N, Khaldi A, Kafi MR, Kahlessenane F, Euschi S (2021) An SVD values ordering scheme for medical image watermarking. Cybern Syst: 1 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01969722.2021.1983700","DOI":"10.1080\/01969722.2021.1983700"},{"key":"12004_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zermi N, Khaldi A, Kafi MR, Kahlessenane F, Euschi S (2021) A lossless DWT-SVD domain watermarking for medical information security. Multimed Tools Appl 80(16):24823-24841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10712-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10712-7"},{"key":"12004_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zermi N, Khaldi A, Kafi MR, Kahlessenane F, Euschi S (2021) Robust SVD-based schemes for medical image watermarking. Microprocess Microsyst 84:104134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpro.2021.104134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2021.104134"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12004-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12004-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12004-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T04:47:27Z","timestamp":1669610847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12004-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12004-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}