{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T02:44:00Z","timestamp":1778553840013,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12499-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T17:05:21Z","timestamp":1647968721000},"page":"24815-24847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Off-line signature verification system using features linear mapping in the candidate points"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2808-6881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Houtinezhad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Ghaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"12499_CR1","unstructured":"Ahrabian K, Babaali B (2017) On usage of autoencoders and siamese networks for online handwritten signature verification. Corr (2017). arXiv:1712.02781"},{"key":"12499_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avola A, Del Buono A, Del Nostro P, Wang R (2009) A novel online textual\/graphical domain separation approach for sketch-based interfaces. In: Book: new directions in intelligent interactive multimedia systems and services","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02937-0_15"},{"key":"12499_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Avola A, Bernardi M, Cinque L, Foresti GL, Marini MR, Massaroni C (2017) A machine learning approach for the online separation of handwriting from freehand drawing. Int Conf Image Anal Process. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-68560-1_20","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-68560-1_20"},{"key":"12499_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Avola A, Bernardi M, Cinque L, Foresti GL, Massaroni C (2019) Online separation of handwriting from freehand drawing using extreme learning machines. Multimed Tools Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-019-7196-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-7196-1"},{"issue":"4","key":"12499_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2011.10.011","volume":"45","author":"L Batista","year":"2012","unstructured":"Batista L, Granger E, Sabourin R (2012) Dynamic selection of generative\u2013discriminative ensembles for off-line signature verification. Pattern Recogn 45(4):1326\u20131340","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"12499_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ben X, Zhang P, Lai Z, Yan R, Zhai X, Meng W (2019) A general tensor representation framework for cross-view gait recognition. Pattern Recogn. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2019.01.017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2019.01.017"},{"issue":"1","key":"12499_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.05.009","volume":"43","author":"D Bertolini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bertolini D, Oliveira LS, Justino E, Sabourin R (2010) Reducing forgeries in writer-independent off-line signature verification through ensemble of classifiers. Pattern Recogn 43(1):387\u2013396","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"12499_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandra S, Maheshkar S (2017) Verification of static signature pattern based on random subspace, REP tree and bagging. Multimed Tools Appl","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-4531-2"},{"key":"12499_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury M et al (2016) Human detection and localization in secure access control by analysing facial features. In: IEEE 11th conference on industrial electronics and applications (ICIEA). IEEE, pp 1311\u20131316","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEA.2016.7603787"},{"key":"12499_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cortes C.; Vapnik V.N. (1995) Support-vector networks. Mach Learn 20(3):273\u2013297. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.15.9362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00994018","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018"},{"key":"12499_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cover TM, Thomas JA (2006) Elements information theory; Wiley: Hoboken.","DOI":"10.1002\/047174882X"},{"key":"12499_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dargan S, Kumar M (2019) A comprehensive survey on the biometric recognition systems based on physiological and behavioral modalities. Expert Syst Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.113114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.113114"},{"issue":"4","key":"12499_CR13","first-page":"424","volume":"1","author":"S Darwish","year":"2016","unstructured":"Darwish S, El-Nour A (2016) Automated offline arabic signature verification system using multiple features fusion for forensic applications. Arab J Forensic Sci Forensic Med 1(4):424\u2013437","journal-title":"Arab J Forensic Sci Forensic Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"12499_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2560810","volume":"39","author":"M Diaz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Diaz M, Ferrer MA, Eskander GS, Sabourin R (2017) Generation of duplicated off-line signature images for verification systems. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39(5):951\u2013964","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"1","key":"12499_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2016.2630419","volume":"48","author":"M Diaz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Diaz M, Fischer A, Ferrer MA, Plamondon R (2018) Dynamic signature verification system based on one real signature. IEEE Trans Cybern 48(1):228\u2013239","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"key":"12499_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Diaz M, Ferrer MA, Impedovo D, Malik MI, Pirlo G, Plamondon R (2019) A perspective analysis of handwritten signature technology. ACM Comput Surv 51(6):Article 11739 pages. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3274658","DOI":"10.1145\/3274658"},{"key":"12499_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Faiza EB, Attique M, Sharif M, Javed K, Nazir M, Abbasi A, Iqbal Z, Riaz N (2020) Offline signature verification system: a novel technique of fusion of GLCM and geometric features using SVM. Multimed Tools Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08851-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08851-4"},{"key":"12499_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrer MA, Diaz-Cabrera M, Morales A (2013) Synthetic off-line signature image generation. In: Biometrics (ICB), International Conference on, pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6612969"},{"issue":"10","key":"12499_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2017.2751740","volume":"48","author":"MA Ferrer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferrer MA, Chanda S, Diaz M, Banerjee CK, Majumdar A, Carmona-Duarte C, Acharya P, Pal U (2018) Static and dynamic synthesis of Bengali and Devanagari signatures. IEEE Trans Cybern 48(10):2896\u20132907","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"issue":"2","key":"12499_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2016.2634922","volume":"47","author":"A Fischer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fischer A, Plamondon R (2017) Signature verification based on the kinematic theory of rapid humanmovements. IEEE Trans Hum Mach Syst 47(2):169\u2013180","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Hum Mach Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"12499_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2015.03.019","volume":"48","author":"J Galbally","year":"2015","unstructured":"Galbally J, Diaz-Cabrera M, Ferrer MA, Gomez-Barrero M, Morales A, Fierrez J (2015) On-line signature recognition through the combination of real dynamic data and synthetically generated static data. Pattern Recogn 48(9):2921\u20132934","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"12499_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghandali S, Moghaddam ME (2008) A method for off-line Persian signature identification and verification using DWT and image fusion. In: International. Symposium on signal processing and information technology. IEEE, pp 315\u2013319","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSPIT.2008.4775712"},{"issue":"1","key":"12499_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.07.016","volume":"48","author":"Y Guerbai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guerbai Y, Chibani Y, Hadjadji B (2015) The effective use of the one-class SVM classifier for handwritten signature verification based on writer-independent parameters. Pattern Recogn 48(1):103\u2013113","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"12499_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2017.09.006","volume":"41","author":"RC Guido","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guido RC (2018) A tutorial review on entropy-based handcrafted feature extraction for information fusion. Inf Fusion 41:161\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2017.09.006","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"key":"12499_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hafemann LG, Sabourin R, Oliveira LS (2016) Writer-independent feature learning for offline signature verification using deep convolutional neural networks. In: International joint conference neural networks (IJCNN\u201916). IEEE, pp 2576\u20132583","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2016.7727521"},{"issue":"2017","key":"12499_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.05.012","volume":"70","author":"LG Hafemann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hafemann LG, Sabourin R, Oliveira LS (2017) Learning features for offline handwritten signature verification using deep convolutional neural networks. Pattern Recogn 70(2017):163\u2013176","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"12499_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hafemann LG, Sabourin R, Oliveira LS (2017) Offline handwritten signature verification- literature review. IEEE978-1-5386-1842-4\/17\/$31.00_c 2017 IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/IPTA.2017.8310112"},{"key":"12499_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-018-0301-6","volume":"21","author":"LG Hafemann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hafemann LG, Oliveira LS, Sabourin R (2018) Fixed-sized representation learning from offline handwritten signatures of different sizes. Int J Doc Anal Recognit 21:219\u2013232","journal-title":"Int J Doc Anal Recognit"},{"key":"12499_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heracleous P, Even J, Sugaya F, Hashimoto M, Yoneyama A (2018) Exploiting alternative acoustic sensors for improved noise robustness in speech communication. Pattern Recogn Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.07.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.07.014"},{"key":"12499_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houtinezhad M., Ghaffary H.R. (2019) Writer-independent signature verification based on feature extraction fusion, Springer, Multimedia Tools and Applications.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08447-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"12499_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2008.10.003","volume":"30","author":"D-Y Huang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang D-Y (2009) Optimal multi-level thresholding using a two-stage Otsu optimization approach. Pattern Recogn Lett 30(3):275\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2008.10.003","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"12499_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08857-y","volume":"79","author":"AB Jagtap","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jagtap AB, Sawat DD, Hegadi RS et al (2020) Verification of genuine and forged offline signatures using Siamese neural network (SNN). Multimed Tools Appl 79:35109\u201335123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08857-y","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"12499_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jain A, Kumar SS, Pratap SK (2020) Handwritten signature verification using shallow convolutional neural network. Multimed Tools Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-08728-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08728-6"},{"key":"12499_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jain A, Kumar SS, Pratap SK (2020) Signature verification using geometrical features and artificial neural network classifier. Neural Comput & Applic. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-020-05473-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05473-7"},{"key":"12499_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-2285-3_39","volume-title":"Emerging trends in expert applications and security. Advances in intelligent systems and computing","author":"U Jindal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jindal U, Dalal S (2019) A hybrid approach to authentication of signature using DTSVM. In: Rathore V, Worring M, Mishra D, Joshi A, Maheshwari S (eds) Emerging trends in expert applications and security. Advances in intelligent systems and computing, vol 841. Springer, Singapore. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-2285-3_39"},{"key":"12499_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001404003630","volume":"18","author":"MK Kalera","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kalera MK, Srihari S, Xu A (2004) Offline signature verification and identification using distance statistics. Int J Pattern Recognit Artif Intell 18:1339\u20131360","journal-title":"Int J Pattern Recognit Artif Intell"},{"key":"12499_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar R, Kundu L, Sharma JD (2010) A writer-independent off-line signature verification system based on signature morphology. Conference: first international conference on intelligent interactive technologies and multimedia. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1963564.1963610","DOI":"10.1145\/1963564.1963610"},{"key":"12499_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2011.10.009","volume":"33","author":"R Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar R, Sharma JD, Chanda B (2012) Writer-independent off-line signature verification using surroundedness feature. Pattern Recogn Lett 33:301\u2013308","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"12499_CR39","first-page":"34","volume":"2","author":"A Lanitis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lanitis A (2009) A survey of the effects of aging on biometric identity verification. Int J Biom 2(1):34\u201352","journal-title":"Int J Biom"},{"key":"12499_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larkins R., Mayo M. (2008) Adaptive feature thresholding for off line signature verification. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IVCNZ.2008.4762072"},{"issue":"4","key":"12499_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1109\/21.156588","volume":"22","author":"S Lee","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lee S, Pan JC (1992) Offline tracing and representation of signatures. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 22(4):755\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/21.156588","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"key":"12499_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liwicki M, Blumenstein M, Heuvel EL, Berger CEH, Stoel RD, Found B, Chen X, Malik MI (2011) SigComp11: signature verification competition for on- and offline skilled forgeries. Proc. 11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2011.294"},{"issue":"14","key":"12499_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.03.040","volume":"41","author":"HM Mamta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mamta HM (2014) Robust authentication using the unconstrained infrared face images. Expert Syst Appl 41(14):6494\u20136511","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"12499_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2016.02.001","volume":"82","author":"MD Marsicso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marsicso MD, Petrosino A, Ricciardi S (2016) Iris recognition through machine learning techniques: a survey. Pattern Recogn Lett 82(2):106\u2013115","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"12499_CR45","unstructured":"Mendenhall W, Beaver RJ, Beaver BM (2019) Introduction probability and statistics 14th Edition, 1133103758 ISBN\/ASIN, ISBN -10 : 1337554421, Publisher : Cengage Learning; 15th edition"},{"issue":"11","key":"12499_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.02.051","volume":"41","author":"SH Moi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moi SH, Asmuni H, Hassan R, Othman RM (2014) Weighted score level fusion based on nonideal iris and face images. Expert Syst Appl 41(11):5390\u20135404","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"12499_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2012.07.006","volume":"41","author":"MK Muller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muller MK, Tremer M, Bodenstein C, Wurtz RP (2013) Learning invariant face recognition from examples. Neural Netw 41:137\u2013146","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"12499_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4 80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2018.02.027","volume":"79","author":"M Okawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okawa M (2018b) Synergy of foreground\u2013background images for feature extraction: offline signature verification using fisher vector with fused KAZE features. Pattern Recogn 79:4 80\u20134 89","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"12499_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Okawa M (2020) Online signature verification using single-template matching with time-series averaging and gradient boosting. Pattern Recogn 102(2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2020.107227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2020.107227"},{"issue":"6","key":"12499_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-vis:20031078","volume":"150","author":"J Ortega-Garcia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ortega-Garcia J, Fierrez-Aguilar J, Simon D, Gonzalez J, Faundez-Zanuy M, Espinosa V, Satue A, Hernaez I, Igarza J-J, Vivaracho C et al (2003) Mcyt baseline corpus: a bimodal biometric database. IEEE Proc Vis Image Signal Process 150(6):395\u2013401","journal-title":"IEEE Proc Vis Image Signal Process"},{"issue":"1","key":"12499_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6266","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","volume":"9","author":"N Otsu","year":"1979","unstructured":"Otsu N (1979) A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 9(1):6266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"key":"12499_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park J, Govindaraju V, Srihari SN (2000) OCR in a hierarchical feature space. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 22(4)","DOI":"10.1109\/34.845383"},{"issue":"4","key":"12499_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2013.0025","volume":"2","author":"M Parodi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parodi M, Gomez JC, Liwicki M, Alewijnse L (2013) Orthogonal function representation for online signature verification: which features should be looked at? IET Biom 2(4):137\u2013150","journal-title":"IET Biom"},{"key":"12499_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piekarczyk M, Ogiela MR (2013) Matrix-based hierarchical graph matching in off-line handwritten signatures recognition. In: 2nd IAPR Asian conference on pattern recognition. IEEE, pp 897\u2013901","DOI":"10.1109\/ACPR.2013.164"},{"issue":"4","key":"12499_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2013.0012","volume":"2","author":"G Pirlo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pirlo G, Impedovo D (2013) Cosine similarity for analysis and verification of static signatures. IET Biom 2(4):151\u2013158","journal-title":"IET Biom"},{"issue":"5","key":"12499_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2013.2279008","volume":"43","author":"G Pirlo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pirlo G, Impedovo D (2013) Verification of static signatures by optical flowanalysis. IEEE Trans Hum Mach Syst 43(5):499\u2013505","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Hum Mach Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"12499_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2015.2443050","volume":"45","author":"G Pirlo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pirlo G, Cuccovillo V, Diaz-Cabrera M, Impedovo D, Mignone P (2015) Multidomain verification of dynamic signatures using local stability analysis. IEEE Trans Hum Mach Syst 45(6):805\u2013810 https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7145458","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Hum Mach Syst"},{"key":"12499_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rantzsch H, Yang H, Meinel C (2016) Signature embedding: writer independent offline signature verification with deep metric learning. In: International. Symposium on visual computing. Springer, pp 616\u2013625","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-50832-0_60"},{"issue":"2013","key":"12499_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-011-0180-6","volume":"16","author":"D Rivard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rivard D, Granger E, Sabourin R (2013) Multi-feature extraction and selection in writer-independent off-line signature verification. Int J Doc Anal Recognit 16(2013):83\u2013103","journal-title":"Int J Doc Anal Recognit"},{"key":"12499_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Serdouk Y, Nemmour H, Chibani Y (2014). Combination of OC-LBP and longest run features for off-line signature verification. Tenth Int Conf Signal-Image Technol Internet-Based Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/sitis.2014.36","DOI":"10.1109\/sitis.2014.36"},{"key":"12499_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Serdouk Y, Nemmour H, Chibani Y (2016) New off-line hand- written signature verifcation method based on Artifcial immune recognition system. Expert Syst Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.01.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.01.001"},{"key":"12499_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2017.08.004","volume":"66","author":"Y Serdouk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Serdouk Y, Nemmour H, Chibani Y (2017) Handwritten signature verification using the quad-tree histogram of templates and a support vector-based artificial immune classification. Image Vis Comput 66:26\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imavis.2017.08.004","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"key":"12499_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serdouk Y, Nemmour H, Chibani Y (2018) New histogram-based descriptor for off-line handwritten signature verification. IEEE\/ACS 15th Int Conf Comput Syste Appl (AICCSA)","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2018.8612793"},{"issue":"1","key":"12499_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1631315","volume":"13","author":"M Sezgin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sezgin M, Sankur B (2004) Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation. J Electron Imaging 13(1):146\u2013165","journal-title":"J Electron Imaging"},{"key":"12499_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharif M, Attique KM, Faisal M, Yasmin M, Fernandes SL (2018, 2018) A framework for offline signature verification system: best features selection approach. Pattern Recogn Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.01.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.01.021"},{"issue":"2016","key":"12499_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2016.07.015","volume":"84","author":"A Sharma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharma A, Sundaram S (2016) An enhanced contextual DTW based system for online signature verification using vector quantization. Pattern Recogn Lett 84(2016):22\u201328","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"12499_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2017.2647826","volume":"48","author":"A Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharma A, Sundaram S (2018) On the exploration of information from the DTWcost matrix for online signature verification. IEEE Trans Cybern 48(2):611\u2013624","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"key":"12499_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2016.05.023","volume":"80","author":"A Soleimani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soleimani A, Araabi B, Fouladi K (2016) Deep multitask metric learning for offline signature verification. Pattern Recogn Lett 80:84\u201390","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"12499_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srikantan G, Lam SW, Srihari SN (1996) Gradient-based contour encoding for character recognition. Pattern Reconnect 29(7):1147\u20131160 0031-3203\/96 $ 15.00 + .00","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(95)00146-8"},{"key":"12499_CR70","unstructured":"Taboga M (2017) Lectures on probability theory and mathematical statistics. 3rd Edition Paperback, December 8, 2017, Available on: https:\/\/www.statlect.com\/fundamentals-of-statistics\/variance-estimation"},{"key":"12499_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2431493","volume":"3","author":"R Tolosana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tolosana R, Vera-Rodriguez R, Ortega-Garcia J, Fierrez J (2015) Preprocessing and feature selection for improved sensor interoperability in online biometric signature verification. IEEE Access 3:478\u2013489","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"12499_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176792","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176792","volume":"12","author":"R Tolosana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tolosana R, Vera-Rodriguez R, Fierrez J, Morales A, Ortega-Garcia J (2017) Benchmarking desktop and mobile handwriting across COTS devices: the e-BioSign biometric database. PLoS One 12(5):e0176792","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"12499_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5128","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2793966","volume":"2018","author":"R Tolosana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tolosana R, Vera-Rodriguez R, Fierrez J, Ortega-Garcia J (2018) Exploring recurrent neural networks for online handwritten signature biometrics. IEEE Access 2018:5128\u20135138","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"12499_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulrich L et al (2020) Analysis of RGB-D camera technologies for supporting different facial usage scenarios. Multimed Tools Appl:1\u201324","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09479-0"},{"key":"12499_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vamvakas G, Gatos B, Perantonis SJ (2010) Handwritten character recognition through two-stage foreground sub-sampling. Pattern Recogn:2807\u20132816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2010.02.018"},{"issue":"2","key":"12499_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2010.07.028","volume":"44","author":"JF Vargas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vargas JF, Ferrer MA, Travieso CM, Alonso JB (2011) Offline signature verification based on grey level information using texture features. Pattern Recogn 44(2):375\u2013385","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"12499_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1109\/82.749102","volume":"46","author":"Z Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wang Z, Zhang D (1999) Progressive switching median filter for the removal of impulse noise from highly corrupted images. IEEE Trans Circuit Syst II, Analog Digit Signal Process 46:78\u201380","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuit Syst II, Analog Digit Signal Process"},{"key":"12499_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yahyatabar ME, Ghasemi J (2017) Online signature verification using double-stage feature extraction modeled by dynamic feature stability experiment. IET Biom:393\u2013401","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2016.0103"},{"key":"12499_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yahyatabar ME, Baleghi Y, Karami MR (2013) Online signature verification: a Persian-language specific approach. In 21st Iranian conference on electrical engineering (ICEE\u201913), pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/IranianCEE.2013.6599561"},{"key":"12499_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2016.02.003","volume":"32","author":"MB Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Y\u0131lmaz MB, Yan\u0131ko\u011flu B (2016) Score level fusion of classifiers in off-line signature verification. Inf Fusion 32:109\u2013119","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"key":"12499_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang S, Li F (2012) Off-line handwritten Chinese signature verification based on support vector machine multiple classifiers. In: Advances in electric and electronics. Springer, pp 563\u2013568","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28744-2_74"},{"issue":"2019","key":"12499_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.01.058","volume":"125","author":"EN Zois","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zois EN, Alexandridis A, Economou G (2019) Writer independent offline signature verification based on asymmetric pixel relations and unrelated training-testing datasets. Expert Syst Appl 125(2019):14\u201332","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"12499_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zois NE, Papagiannopoulou M, Dimitrios (2018) Hierarchical dictionary learning and sparse coding for static signature verification. IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00084"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12499-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12499-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12499-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T08:40:01Z","timestamp":1656578401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12499-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["12499"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12499-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}