{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T17:12:52Z","timestamp":1775581972718,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61772539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61772539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61972405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61972405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12507-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T11:05:04Z","timestamp":1646996704000},"page":"20443-20463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effective PRNU extraction via densely connected hierarchical network"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huawei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"12507_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2640938","volume":"12","author":"M Al-Ani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Ani M, Khelifi F (2016) On the spn estimation in image forensics: a systematic empirical evaluation. IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur 12(5):1067\u20131081","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur"},{"key":"12507_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buades A, Coll B, Morel JM (2005) A non-local algorithm for image denoising. In: 2005 IEEE Computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR\u201905), vol 2, pp 60\u201365. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.38"},{"key":"12507_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burger HC, Schuler CJ, Harmeling S (2012) Image denoising: can plain neural networks compete with bm3d? In: 2012 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2392\u20132399. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2012.6247952"},{"key":"12507_CR4","unstructured":"Carletta J (1996) Assessing agreement on classification tasks: the kapp.a statistic. arXiv:cmp-lg\/9602004"},{"issue":"1","key":"12507_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2007.916285","volume":"3","author":"M Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen M, Fridrich J, Goljan M, Luk\u00e1s J (2008) Determining image origin and integrity using sensor noise. IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur 3(1):74\u201390","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"12507_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.12.018","volume":"226","author":"AJ Cooper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cooper AJ (2013) Improved photo response non-uniformity (prnu) based source camera identification. Forens Sci Int 226(1\u20133):132\u2013141","journal-title":"Forens Sci Int"},{"key":"12507_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cortiana A, Conotter V, Boato G, De Natale FG (2011) Performance comparison of denoising filters for source camera identification. In: Media watermarking, security, and forensics III, international society for optics and photonics, vol 7880, p 788007","DOI":"10.1117\/12.872489"},{"key":"12507_CR8","first-page":"287","volume":"6,101","author":"CA Corum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Corum CA, Connolly KM, Bawolek EJ (2000) Dark frame subtraction. US Patent 6,101:287","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"issue":"8","key":"12507_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2007.901238","volume":"16","author":"K Dabov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dabov K, Foi A, Katkovnik V, Egiazarian K (2007) Image denoising by sparse 3-d transform-domain collaborative filtering. IEEE Trans Image Process 16(8):2080\u20132095","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"12","key":"12507_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3736","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2006.881969","volume":"15","author":"M Elad","year":"2006","unstructured":"Elad M, Aharon M (2006) Image denoising via sparse and redundant representations over learned dictionaries. IEEE Trans Image process 15 (12):3736\u20133745","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image process"},{"issue":"5","key":"12507_CR11","first-page":"921","volume":"12","author":"L Excoffier","year":"1995","unstructured":"Excoffier L, Slatkin M (1995) Maximum-likelihood estimation of molecular haplotype frequencies in a diploid population. Molecul Biol Evol 12 (5):921\u2013927","journal-title":"Molecul Biol Evol"},{"key":"12507_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filler T, Fridrich J, Goljan M (2008) Using sensor pattern noise for camera model identification. In: 2008 15th IEEE international conference on image processing, pp 126\u20131299. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2008.4712000"},{"key":"12507_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gloe T (2012) Feature-based forensic camera model identification. In: Transactions on data hiding and multimedia security VIII, pp 42\u201362. Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31971-6_3"},{"key":"12507_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gloe T, B\u00f6hme R (2010) The\u2019dresden image database\u2019for benchmarking digital image forensics. In: Proceedings of the 2010 ACM symposium on applied computing, pp 1584\u20131590","DOI":"10.1145\/1774088.1774427"},{"key":"12507_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goljan M, Fridrich J, Filler T (2009) Large scale test of sensor fingerprint camera identification. In: Media forensics and security, international society for optics and photonics, vol 7254, p 72540I","DOI":"10.1117\/12.805701"},{"key":"12507_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2015) Delving deep into rectifiers: surpassing human-level performance on imagenet classification. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, pp 1026\u20131034","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.123"},{"key":"12507_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 770\u2013778","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"issue":"02","key":"12507_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488598000094","volume":"6","author":"S Hochreiter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hochreiter S (1998) The vanishing gradient problem during learning recurrent neural nets and problem solutions. Int J Uncertain Fuzz Knowl-Based Syst 6 (02):107\u2013116","journal-title":"Int J Uncertain Fuzz Knowl-Based Syst"},{"key":"12507_CR19","unstructured":"Holst G (1998) CCD arrays cameras and displays, 2nd edn. SPIE Press"},{"key":"12507_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang G, Liu Z, Van Der Maaten L, Weinberger KQ (2017) Densely connected convolutional networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 4700\u20134708","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"12507_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janesick JR (2001) Scientific charge-coupled devices, vol 83. SPIE Press","DOI":"10.1117\/3.374903"},{"issue":"2","key":"12507_CR22","first-page":"48","volume":"43","author":"X Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang X, Wei S, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Du X, DU G (2019) Survey of imaging device source identification. J Bjing Jiaotong Univ 43(2):48\u201357","journal-title":"J Bjing Jiaotong Univ"},{"issue":"1","key":"12507_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-5281-2014-1","volume":"2014","author":"X Kang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kang X, Chen J, Lin K, Anjie P (2014) A context-adaptive spn predictor for trustworthy source camera identification. EURASIP J Image Vid Process 2014(1):1\u201311","journal-title":"EURASIP J Image Vid Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"12507_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2011.2168214","volume":"7","author":"X Kang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kang X, Li Y, Qu Z, Huang J (2011) Enhancing source camera identification performance with a camera reference phase sensor pattern noise. IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur 7(2):393\u2013402","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur"},{"key":"12507_CR25","unstructured":"Kay SM (1993) Fundamentals of statistical signal processing. Prentice Hall PTR"},{"key":"12507_CR26","unstructured":"Kingma DP, Ba J (2014) Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. arXiv:14126980"},{"key":"12507_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kligvasser I, Shaham TR, Michaeli T (2018) xunit: learning a spatial activation function for efficient image restoration. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2433\u20132442","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00258"},{"key":"12507_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lefkimmiatis S (2018) Universal denoising networks: a novel cnn architecture for image denoising. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3204\u20133213","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00338"},{"key":"12507_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levin A, Nadler B (2011) Natural image denoising: optimality and inherent bounds. In: CVPR 2011, pp 2833\u20132840. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995309"},{"issue":"3","key":"12507_CR30","first-page":"379","volume":"5","author":"XW Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li XW, Sun K, Li LD (2014) Accelerated tracing scheme for gaussian fingerprinting. J Inf Hiding Multim Signal Process 5(3):379\u2013390","journal-title":"J Inf Hiding Multim Signal Process"},{"key":"12507_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu P, Zhang H, Zhang K, Lin L, Zuo W (2018) Multi-level wavelet-cnn for image restoration. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, pp 773\u2013782","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00121"},{"issue":"1","key":"12507_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5101-3","volume":"78","author":"M Long","year":"2019","unstructured":"Long M, Peng F, Zhu Y (2019) Identifying natural images and computer generated graphics based on binary similarity measures of prnu. Multimed Tools Applic 78(1):489\u2013506","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Applic"},{"issue":"2","key":"12507_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2006.873602","volume":"1","author":"J Lukas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lukas J, Fridrich J, Goljan M (2006) Digital camera identification from sensor pattern noise. IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur 1(2):205\u2013214","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Forens Secur"},{"issue":"2","key":"12507_CR34","first-page":"386","volume":"1","author":"M Mastriani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mastriani M, Giraldez AE (2007) Microarrays denoising via smoothing of coefficients in wavelet domain. Int J Electron Commun Eng 1(2):386\u2013393","journal-title":"Int J Electron Commun Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"12507_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1109\/97.803428","volume":"6","author":"MK Mihcak","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mihcak MK, Kozintsev I, Ramchandran K, Moulin P (1999) Low-complexity image denoising based on statistical modeling of wavelet coefficients. IEEE Signal Process Lett 6(12):300\u2013303","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"key":"12507_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park B, Yu S, Jeong J (2019) Densely connected hierarchical network for image denoising. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, pp 1\u201310","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2019.00263"},{"key":"12507_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronneberger O, Fischer P, Brox T (2015) U-net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. In: International conference on medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention, pp 234\u2013241. Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24574-4_28"},{"key":"12507_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi W, Caballero J, Husz\u00e1r F, Totz J, Aitken AP, Bishop R, Rueckert D, Wang Z (2016) Real-time single image and video super-resolution using an efficient sub-pixel convolutional neural network. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1874\u20131883","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.207"},{"key":"12507_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101046","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2928356","volume":"7","author":"H Tian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tian H, Xiao Y, Cao G, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Zhao Y (2019) Daxing smartphone identification dataset. IEEE Access 7:101046\u2013101053","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"12507_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging6030009","volume":"6","author":"P Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang P, Baracchi D, Ni R, Zhao Y, Argenti F, Piva A (2020) A survey of deep learning-based source image forensics. J Imaging 6(3):9","journal-title":"J Imaging"},{"key":"12507_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang WC, Jiang J, Chen CH (2020) A fast source camera identification and verification method based on prnu analysis for use in video forensic investigations. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 1\u201322","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09763-z"},{"issue":"2","key":"12507_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13017","volume":"61","author":"H Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng H, Kang X (2016) Fast source camera identification using content adaptive guided image filter. J Forens Sci 61(2):520\u2013526","journal-title":"J Forens Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"12507_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2662206","volume":"26","author":"K Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang K, Zuo W, Chen Y, Meng D, Zhang L (2017) Beyond a gaussian denoiser: residual learning of deep cnn for image denoising. IEEE Trans Image Process 26(7):3142\u20133155","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"9","key":"12507_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4608","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2839891","volume":"27","author":"K Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang K, Zuo W, Zhang L (2018) Ffdnet: toward a fast and flexible solution for cnn-based image denoising. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(9):4608\u20134622","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"1","key":"12507_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1109\/TCI.2016.2644865","volume":"3","author":"H Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao H, Gallo O, Frosio I, Kautz J (2016) Loss functions for image restoration with neural networks. IEEE Trans Comput Imag 3(1):47\u201357","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Imag"},{"issue":"7","key":"12507_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6809-4","volume":"78","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Zheng N, Qiao T, Xu M (2019) Source camera identification via low dimensional prnu features. Multimed Tools Applic 78(7):8247\u20138269","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Applic"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12507-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12507-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12507-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T03:12:05Z","timestamp":1726801925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12507-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["12507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-022-12507-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Conflict of Interests"}}]}}