{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T11:02:41Z","timestamp":1772362961055,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-13294-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T22:02:49Z","timestamp":1654639369000},"page":"26821-26835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Measurement and verification of cognitive load in multimedia presentation using an eye tracker"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Ruichen","family":"Cong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiichi","family":"Tago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1325-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"13294_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen S, Epps J, Chen F (2013) An investigation of pupil-based cognitive load measurement with low cost infrared webcam under light reflex interference. In: Proceedings of 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). Osaka, Japan. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EMBC.2013.6610222, pp 3202\u20133205","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2013.6610222"},{"issue":"3","key":"13294_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01320076","volume":"3","author":"JM Clark","year":"1991","unstructured":"Clark JM, Paivio A (1991) Dual coding theory and education. Educ Psychol Rev 3(3):149\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01320076","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Rev"},{"key":"13294_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faraway JJ (2016) Extending the Linear Model with R: Generalized Linear, Mixed Effects and Nonparametric Regression Models. Second Edition. CRC Press","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315382722"},{"issue":"3","key":"13294_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.023","volume":"83","author":"E Galy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Galy E, Cariou M, M\u00e9lan C (2012) What is the relationship between mental workload factors and cognitive load types? Int J Psychophysiol 83 (3):269\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.023","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"13294_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721412436811","volume":"21","author":"SD Goldinger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goldinger SD, Papesh MH (2012) Pupil dilation reflects the creation and retrieval of memories. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 21(2):90\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963721412436811","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"3423","key":"13294_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1126\/science.132.3423.349","volume":"132","author":"EH Hess","year":"1960","unstructured":"Hess EH, Polt JM (1960) Pupil size as related to interest value of visual stimuli. Science 132(3423):349\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.132.3423.349","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3611","key":"13294_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1126\/science.143.3611.1190","volume":"143","author":"EH Hess","year":"1964","unstructured":"Hess EH, Polt JM (1964) Pupil size in relation to mental activity during simple problem-solving. Science 143(3611):1190\u20131192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.143.3611.1190","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"13294_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hossain G, Yeasin M (2014) Understanding effects of cognitive load from pupillary responses using hilbert analytic phase. In: 2014 IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops. Columbus, OH, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPRW.2014.62, pp 381\u2013386","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2014.62"},{"key":"13294_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6518-z","volume":"79","author":"P Jercic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jercic P, Sennersten C, Lindley C (2020) Modeling cognitive load and physiological arousal through pupil diameter and heart rate. Multimed Tools Appl 79:3145\u20133159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6518-zhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-018-6518-z","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"13294_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang X, Atkins MS, Tien G, Zheng B, Bednarik R (2014) Pupil dilations during target-pointing respect Fitts\u2019 law. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA \u201914). Santa Barbara, California. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2578153.2578178, pp 175\u2013182","DOI":"10.1145\/2578153.2578178"},{"key":"13294_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johannessen E, Szulewski A, Radulovic N, White M, Braund H, Howes D, Rodenburg D, Davies C (2020) Psychophysiologic measures of cognitive load in physician team leaders during trauma resuscitation. Computers in Human Behavior. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106393"},{"issue":"3","key":"13294_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2010.01069.x","volume":"48","author":"J Klingner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klingner J, Tversky B, Hanrahan P (2011) Effects of visual and verbal presentation on cognitive load in vigilance, memory, and arithmetic tasks. Psychophysiol 48(3):323\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2010.01069.xhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2010.01069.x","journal-title":"Psychophysiol"},{"key":"13294_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8759-3_11","volume":"163","author":"Kumar A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar A, Sangwan SR, Nayyar A (2020) Multimedia social big data: Mining. Multimedia Big Data Computing for IoT Applications 163:289\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-8759-3_11","journal-title":"Multimedia Big Data Computing for IoT Applications"},{"key":"13294_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2013.12.001","volume":"30","author":"J Leppink","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leppink J, Paas F, Gog T, Vleuten CPM, Merri\u00ebnboer JJG (2014) Effects of pairs of problems and examples on task performance and different types of cognitive load. Learn Instr 30:32\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2013.12.001","journal-title":"Learn Instr"},{"key":"13294_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhang C, Hang B, Wang S, Chao HC (2019) An audio attention computational model based on information entropy of two channels and exponential moving average. Hum-centric Comput Inf Sci 9(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13673-019-0166-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13673-019-0166-9"},{"key":"13294_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(02)80005-6","volume":"41","author":"RE Mayer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mayer RE (2002) Multimedia learning. Psychol Learn Motiv 41:85\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0079-7421(02)80005-6https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0079-7421(02)80005-6","journal-title":"Psychol Learn Motiv"},{"key":"13294_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pfleging B, Fekety DK, Schmidt A, Kun AL (2016) A model relating pupil diameter to mental workload and lighting conditions. In: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI\u201916). San Jose California, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2858036.2858117, pp 5776\u20135788","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858117"},{"key":"13294_CR18","unstructured":"Pomplun M, Sunkara S (2003) Pupil dilation as an indicator of cognitive workload in Human-Computer interaction. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on HCI. Crete, Greece, p 273"},{"key":"13294_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rafiqi S, Wangwiwattana C, Kim J, Fernandez E, Nair S, Larson EC (2015) Pupilware: Towards pervasive cognitive load measurement using commodity devices. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA \u201915). Corfu, Greece. Article. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2769493.2769506, vol 42, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1145\/2769493.2769506"},{"issue":"2","key":"13294_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1134-4","volume":"51","author":"J Reilly","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reilly J, Kelly A, Kim SH, Jett S, Zuckerman B (2019) The human task-evoked pupillary response function is linear: Implications for baseline response scaling in pupillometry. Behav Res Methods 51(2):865\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-018-1134-4","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"13294_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-007-9053-4","volume":"19","author":"W Schnotz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schnotz W, K\u00fcrschner C (2007) A reconsideration of cognitive load theory. Educ Psychol Rev 19(4):469\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-007-9053-4","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"13294_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","volume":"27","author":"CE Shannon","year":"1948","unstructured":"Shannon CE (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst Tech J 27(3):379\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","journal-title":"Bell Syst Tech J"},{"issue":"3","key":"13294_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3745\/JIPS.01.0044","volume":"15","author":"H Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song H, Lee K, Moon N (2019) User modeling using user preference and user life pattern based on personal bio data and SNS data. J Inf Process Syst 15(3):645\u2013654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3745\/JIPS.01.0044","journal-title":"J Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"13294_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-010-9128-5","volume":"22","author":"J Sweller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sweller J (2010) Element interactivity and intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. Educ Psychol Rev 22:123\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-010-9128-5","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Rev"},{"key":"13294_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-387691-1.00002-8","volume":"55","author":"J Sweller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sweller J (2011) Cognitive load theory. The psychology of learning and motivation:, Cognition in education 55:37\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-387691-1.00002-8","journal-title":"The psychology of learning and motivation:, Cognition in education"},{"issue":"6","key":"13294_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.3745\/JIPS.04.0152","volume":"15","author":"L Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang L, Guo Y (2019) An evolution model of rumor spreading based on wechat social circle. J Inf Process Syst 15(6):1422\u20131437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3745\/JIPS.04.0152","journal-title":"J Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"13294_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.37398\/JSR.2020.640137 10.37398\/JSR.2020.640137","volume":"64","author":"J William","year":"2020","unstructured":"William J, Murugesh R (2020) Potential eye tracking metrics and indicators to measure cognitive load in Human-Computer interaction research. J Sci Res 64:168\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37398\/JSR.2020.640137https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37398\/JSR.2020.640137","journal-title":"J Sci Res"},{"key":"13294_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21006-3_50","volume":"9171","author":"X Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu X, Xue C, Zhou F (2015) An Experimental Study on Visual Search Factors of Information Features in a Task Monitoring Interface. Human-Computer Interaction: Users and Contexts 9171:525\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-21006-3_50","journal-title":"Human-Computer Interaction: Users and Contexts"},{"key":"13294_CR29","first-page":"59","volume":"7","author":"Y Xue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xue Y, Li Z (2019) Research on online learning cognitive load quantitative model based on eye tracking technology. Modern Educ Technol 7:59\u201365. (in Chinese)","journal-title":"Modern Educ Technol"},{"key":"13294_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zagermann J, Pfeil U, Reiterer H (2016) Measuring Cognitive Load using Eye Tracking Technology in Visual Computing. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors on Novel Evaluation Methods for Visualization (BELIV \u201916). Baltimore. MD. USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2993901.2993908, pp 78\u201385","DOI":"10.1145\/2993901.2993908"},{"key":"13294_CR31","unstructured":"Zeng X (2018) Quantitative Analysis of Pupil Diameter and Pupillary Light Reflex. Soochow University. Master Thesis. (in Chinese)"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-13294-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-022-13294-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-13294-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T07:31:18Z","timestamp":1658215878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-022-13294-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["13294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-022-13294-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}