{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:32:52Z","timestamp":1760524372522,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Part-Of-Speech tagging is widely used in the natural language process. There are many statistical approaches in this area. The most popular one is Hidden Markov Model. In this paper, an alternative approach, linear-chain Conditional Random Fields, is introduced. The Conditional Random Fields is a factor graph approach that can naturally incorporate arbitrary, non-independent features of the input without conditional independence among the features or distributional assumptions of inputs. This paper applied the Conditional Random Fields for the car review word Part-Of-Speech tagging and then the feature extraction, which can be used as an input to an opinion mining system. To reduce the computational time, we also proposed applying the Limited-memory BFGS algorithm to train the Conditional Random Fields. Furthermore, this paper evaluated the Conditional Random Fields and the classical graph approach using the car review dataset to demonstrate that the Conditional Random Fields have a more robust result with a smaller training dataset.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-13303-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T00:02:33Z","timestamp":1654819353000},"page":"803-817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A conditional random field framework for language process in product review mining"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Ming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0456-7931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"13303_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9469.2005.00426.x","volume":"32","author":"A Azzalini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Azzalini A (2005) The skew-normal distribution and related multivariate families. 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In: 15th ACM SIGKDD International conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, pp 417\u2013424"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-13303-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-022-13303-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-13303-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T01:21:24Z","timestamp":1672276884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-022-13303-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["13303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-022-13303-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1380-7501"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7721"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Conflict of Interests"}}]}}