{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T06:17:55Z","timestamp":1777097875690,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-14014-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T02:02:14Z","timestamp":1665367334000},"page":"19745-19792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A survey on data-driven iris spoof detectors: state-of-the-art, open issues and future perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3893-332X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palak","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Selwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepika","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"0123456789","key":"14014_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-019-01715-5","volume":"36","author":"E Abdellatef","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdellatef E, Ismail NA, Abd Elrahman SESE, Ismail KN, Rihan M, Abd el-Samie FE (2019) Cancelable multi - biometric recognition system based on deep learning. Vis Comput 36(0123456789):1097\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-019-01715-5","journal-title":"Vis Comput"},{"key":"14014_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agarwal R and Jalal AS (2021) \u201cPresentation attack detection system for fake Iris: a review,\u201d Multimed. Tools Appl, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-10378-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10378-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"14014_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-07700-9","volume":"115","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Jalal AS, Arya KV (2020) Enhanced binary hexagonal Extrema pattern (EBHXEP) descriptor for Iris liveness detection. Wirel Pers Commun 115(3):2627\u20132643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-020-07700-9","journal-title":"Wirel Pers Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"14014_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-020-01870-0","volume":"37","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Jalal AS, Arya KV (2021) Local binary hexagonal Extrema pattern (LBHXEP): a new feature descriptor for fake iris detection. Vis Comput 37(6):1357\u20131368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-020-01870-0","journal-title":"Vis Comput"},{"issue":"December 2018","key":"14014_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2019.105701","volume":"120","author":"N Ahmadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahmadi N, Nilashi M, Samad S, Rashid TA, Ahmadi H (2019) An intelligent method for iris recognition using supervised machine learning techniques. Opt Laser Technol 120(December 2018):105701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.optlastec.2019.105701","journal-title":"Opt Laser Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"14014_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5121\/ijaia.2019.10505","volume":"10","author":"MG Alaslni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alaslni MG, Elrefaei LA (2019) Transfer learning with convolutional neural networks for IRIS recognition. Int J Artif Intell Appl 10(5):49\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5121\/ijaia.2019.10505","journal-title":"Int J Artif Intell Appl"},{"issue":"29\u201330","key":"14014_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20483","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-07988-1","volume":"79","author":"I Bakkouri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bakkouri I, Afdel K (2020) Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on multi-layer feature fusion network for skin lesion recognition in dermoscopy images. Multimed Tools Appl 79(29\u201330):20483\u201320518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-019-07988-1","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"14014_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bakkouri I, Afdel K, Benois-Pineau J, Catheline G, For the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiativ (2022) BG-3DM2F: Bidirectional gated 3D multi-scale feature fusion for Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis, vol. 81, no. 8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-12242-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"14014_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1379639","volume":"14","author":"UA Bhatti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhatti UA, Huang M, Wang H, Zhang Y, Mehmood A, Di W (2018) Recommendation system for immunization coverage and monitoring. Hum Vaccines Immunother 14(1):165\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2017.1379639","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunother"},{"issue":"3","key":"14014_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2018.1557256","volume":"13","author":"UA Bhatti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhatti UA, Huang M, Wu D, Zhang Y, Mehmood A, Han H (2019) Recommendation system using feature extraction and pattern recognition in clinical care systems. Enterp Inf Syst 13(3):329\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17517575.2018.1557256","journal-title":"Enterp Inf Syst"},{"key":"14014_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76386","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2988298","volume":"8","author":"UA Bhatti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhatti UA, Yu Z, Li J, Nawaz SA, Mehmood A, Zhang K, Yuan L (2020) Hybrid watermarking algorithm using Clifford algebra with Arnold scrambling and chaotic encryption. IEEE Access 8:76386\u201376398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2988298","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"14014_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132569","volume":"288","author":"UA Bhatti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhatti UA, Zeeshan Z, Nizamani MM, Bazai S, Yu Z, Yuan L (2022) Assessing the change of ambient air quality patterns in Jiangsu Province of China pre-to post-COVID-19. Chemosphere 288(2):132569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132569","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"14014_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhatti UA et al (2022) Local Similarity-Based Spatial\u2013Spectral Fusion Hyperspectral Image Classification With Deep CNN and Gabor Filtering. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TGRS.2021.3090410","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2021.3090410"},{"key":"14014_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhogal APS, Sollinger D, Trung P, Uhl A (2017) Non-reference image quality assessment for biometric presentation attack detection. Proc - 2017 5th Int Work Biometrics Forensics, IWBF 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IWBF.2017.7935080","DOI":"10.1109\/IWBF.2017.7935080"},{"key":"14014_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2018.04.007","volume":"77","author":"Z Boulkenafet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boulkenafet Z, Komulainen J, Hadid A (2018) On the generalization of color texture-based face anti-spoofing. Image Vis Comput 77:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imavis.2018.04.007","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"key":"14014_CR16","unstructured":"Busch C (2017) \u201cThe ISO\/IEC standards for testing of Presentation Attack Detection,\u201d, [Online]. Available: https:\/\/christoph-busch.de\/files\/Busch-PAD-standards-170329.pdf."},{"key":"14014_CR17","volume-title":"Presentation attack detection using wavelet transform and deep residual neural net","author":"P Chatterjee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chatterjee P, Yalchin A, Shelton J, Roy K, Yuan X, Edoh KD (2019) Presentation attack detection using wavelet transform and deep residual neural net, vol 11637. Springer International Publishing, LNCS"},{"key":"14014_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C, Ross A (2018) \u201cA Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network for Joint Iris Detection and Presentation Attack Detection,\u201d no. March","DOI":"10.1109\/WACVW.2018.00011"},{"key":"14014_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.07.003","volume":"101","author":"M Choudhary","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choudhary M, Tiwari V, Venkanna U (2019) An approach for iris contact lens detection and classification using ensemble of customized DenseNet and SVM. Futur Gener Comput Syst 101:1259\u20131270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2019.07.003","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"14014_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2398815","volume":"10","author":"A Czajka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Czajka A (2015) Pupil dynamics for iris liveness detection. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 10(4):726\u2013735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2398815","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"14014_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Czajka A, Bowyer KW (2018) Presentation attack detection for iris recognition: An assessment of the state-of-the-art. ACM Comput Surv 51(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3232849","DOI":"10.1145\/3232849"},{"issue":"9","key":"14014_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2701332","volume":"12","author":"A Czajka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Czajka A, Bowyer KW, Krumdick M, Vidalmata RG (2017) Recognition of image-orientation-based Iris spoofing. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 12(9):2184\u20132196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2701332","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"14014_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Das P et al. (2020) \u201cIris Liveness Detection Competition (LivDet-Iris) - The 2020 Edition,\u201d IJCB 2020 - IEEE\/IAPR Int. Jt. Conf. Biometrics, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IJCB48548.2020.9304941.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCB48548.2020.9304941"},{"key":"14014_CR24","unstructured":"Daugman J (1994) \u201cBiometric Personal Identification System Based on Iris Analysis,\u201d no. 19"},{"issue":"March 2020","key":"14014_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115266","volume":"182","author":"MR Dronky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dronky MR, Khalifa W, Roushdy M (2021) Using residual images with BSIF for iris liveness detection. Expert Syst Appl 182(March 2020):115266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115266","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"14014_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u201cFAKE IRIS DETECTION USING STRUCTURED LIGHT Connell J, N Ratha, James Gentile, Ruud Bolle (2013) Yorktown Heights , NY 10598 { jconnell , ratha } @ us . ibm . com,\u201d pp. 8692\u20138696","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2013.6639363"},{"key":"14014_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fang M, Damer N, Boutros F, Kirchbuchner F, Kuijper A (2020) \u201cDeep learning multi-layer fusion for an accurate iris presentation attack detection,\u201d Proc. 2020 23rd Int. Conf. Inf. Fusion, FUSION 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/FUSION45008.2020.9190424.","DOI":"10.23919\/FUSION45008.2020.9190424"},{"key":"14014_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3015547","volume":"16","author":"Z Fang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang Z, Czajka A, Bowyer KW (2021) Robust iris presentation attack detection fusing 2D and 3D information. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 16:510\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3015547","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"14014_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2020.104057","volume":"105","author":"M Fang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang M, Damer N, Boutros F, Kirchbuchner F, Kuijper A (2021) Cross-database and cross-attack Iris presentation attack detection using micro stripes analyses. Image Vis Comput 105:104057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imavis.2020.104057","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"issue":"7","key":"14014_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-017-1082-y","volume":"11","author":"M Farmanbar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Farmanbar M, Toygar \u00d6 (2017) Spoof detection on face and palmprint biometrics. Signal, Image Video Process 11(7):1253\u20131260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11760-017-1082-y","journal-title":"Signal, Image Video Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"14014_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2292332","volume":"23","author":"J Galbally","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galbally J, Marcel S, Fierrez J (2014) Image quality assessment for fake biometric detection: application to Iris, fingerprint, and face recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 23(2):710\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIP.2013.2292332","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"14014_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gautam G, Mukhopadhyay S (2018) \u201cContact Lens Detection using Transfer Learning with Deep Representations,\u201d Proc. Int. Jt. Conf. Neural Networks, vol. 2018-July, pp. 1\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IJCNN.2018.8489590.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2018.8489590"},{"key":"14014_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2017.10.003","volume":"42","author":"M Gomez-Barrero","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gomez-Barrero M, Rathgeb C, Li G, Ramachandra R, Galbally J, Busch C (2018) Multi-biometric template protection based on bloom filters. Inf Fusion 42:37\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2017.10.003","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"key":"14014_CR34","unstructured":"Goshtasby AAA (2012) Advances in computer vision and pattern recognition"},{"key":"14014_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2014.10.018","volume":"57","author":"D Gragnaniello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gragnaniello D, Sansone C, Verdoliva L (2015) Iris liveness detection for mobile devices based on local descriptors. Pattern Recogn Lett 57:81\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2014.10.018","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"14014_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2404294","volume":"10","author":"D Gragnaniello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gragnaniello D, Poggi G, Sansone C, Verdoliva L (2015) An investigation of local descriptors for biometric spoofing detection. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 10(4):849\u2013863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2404294","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"issue":"2","key":"14014_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBM.2016.077833","volume":"8","author":"R Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta R, Sehgal P (2016) A survey of attacks on iris biometric systems. Int J Biometeorol 8(2):145\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJBM.2016.077833","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"14014_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gupta P, Behera S, Vatsa M, Singh R (2014) On iris spoofing using print attack. Proc - Int Conf Pattern Recognit:1681\u20131686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPR.2014.296","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2014.296"},{"key":"14014_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) \u201cDeep residual learning for image recognition,\u201d Proc. IEEE Comput. Soc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., vol. 2016-Decem, pp. 770\u2013778, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"14014_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2015.10.010","volume":"82","author":"Y Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu Y, Sirlantzis K, Howells G (2016) Iris liveness detection using regional features. Pattern Recogn Lett 82:242\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2015.10.010","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"issue":"2019","key":"14014_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.06.118","volume":"174","author":"Q Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu Q, Yin S, Ni H, Huang Y (2020) An end to end deep neural network for Iris recognition. Procedia Comput Sci 174(2019):505\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2020.06.118","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"14014_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang X, Ti C, Hou QZ, Tokuta A, Yang R (2013) An experimental study of pupil constriction for liveness detection. Proc IEEE Work Appl Comput Vis:252\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WACV.2013.6475026","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2013.6475026"},{"key":"14014_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hughes K, Bowyer KW (2013) Detection of contact-lens-based iris biometric spoofs using stereo imaging. Proc Annu Hawaii Int Conf Syst Sci:1763\u20131772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/HICSS.2013.172","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2013.172"},{"key":"14014_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishfaq DSR, Selwal A (2021) \u201cFingerprint Spoofing Attacks and their Deep Learning-enabled Remediation: State-of-the-art, Taxonomy, and Future Directions,\u201d pp. 22\u201328","DOI":"10.1109\/CCICT53244.2021.00016"},{"issue":"1","key":"14014_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.818349","volume":"14","author":"AK Jain","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jain AK, Ross A, Prabhakar S (2004) An introduction to biometric recognition. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 14(1):4\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.818349","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"key":"14014_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain AK, Flynn P, Ross AA (2007) Handbook of biometrics","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-71041-9"},{"issue":"Iccmc","key":"14014_CR47","first-page":"125","volume":"1","author":"SD Jamdar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jamdar SD et al (2017) Biometrics: A Tool for Information Security Anil. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 1(Iccmc):125\u2013143","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"14014_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kapur PK, Singh G, Klochkov YS, Kumar U (2020) Decision analytics applications in industry.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3643-4"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"14014_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6623","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08281-x","volume":"79","author":"B Kaur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaur B (2020) Iris spoofing detection using discrete orthogonal moments. Multimed Tools Appl 79(9\u201310):6623\u20136647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-019-08281-x","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"14014_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2018.12.002","volume":"73","author":"B Kaur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaur B, Singh S, Kumar J (2019) Cross-sensor iris spoofing detection using orthogonal features. Comput Electr Eng 73:279\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2018.12.002","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"14014_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kohli N, Yadav D, Vatsa M, Singh R (2013) Revisiting iris recognition with color cosmetic contact lenses. Proc - 2013 Int Conf Biometrics, ICB 2013 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICB.2013.6613021","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6613021"},{"key":"14014_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kohli N, Yadav D, Vatsa M, Singh R, Noore A (2018) \u201cSynthetic iris presentation attack using iDCGAN,\u201d IEEE Int. Jt. Conf. Biometrics, IJCB 2017, vol. 2018-Janua, pp. 674\u2013680 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BTAS.2017.8272756.","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2017.8272756"},{"key":"14014_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O. V Komogortsev, S. Marcos, A. Karpov, and S. Marcos (2013) \u201cLiveness Detection via Oculomotor Plant Characteristics\u00a0: Attack of Mechanical Replicas\u201d","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2013.6612984"},{"issue":"6","key":"14014_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2878542","volume":"14","author":"A Kuehlkamp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kuehlkamp A, Pinto A, Rocha A, Bowyer KW, Czajka A (2019) Ensemble of Multi-View Learning Classifiers for cross-domain Iris presentation attack detection. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 14(6):1419\u20131431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2878542","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"14014_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu N, Li H, Zhang M, Liu J, Sun Z, Tan T (2016) Accurate iris segmentation in non-cooperative environments using fully convolutional networks. 2016 Int Conf Biometrics, ICB:2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICB.2016.7550055","DOI":"10.1109\/ICB.2016.7550055"},{"issue":"1","key":"14014_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2019.2912576","volume":"28","author":"M Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu M, Zhou Z, Shang P, Xu D (2020) Fuzzified image enhancement for deep learning in Iris recognition. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 28(1):92\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TFUZZ.2019.2912576","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"14014_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Long M, Zeng Y (2019) \u201cDetecting Iris Liveness with Batch Normalized Convolutional Neural Network,\u201d vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 493\u2013504, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmc.2019.04378.","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2019.04378"},{"issue":"6","key":"14014_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.34028\/iajit\/17\/6\/11","volume":"17","author":"R Mehmood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehmood R, Selwal A (2020) Polynomial based fuzzy vault technique for template security in fingerprint biometrics. Int Arab J Inf Technol 17(6):926\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34028\/iajit\/17\/6\/11","journal-title":"Int Arab J Inf Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"14014_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2398817","volume":"10","author":"D Menotti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Menotti D, Chiachia G, Pinto A, Robson Schwartz W, Pedrini H, Xavier Falcao A, Rocha A (2015) Deep representations for Iris, face, and fingerprint spoofing detection. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 10(4):864\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2398817","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"14014_CR60","unstructured":"Minaee S, Abdolrashidi A (2019) \u201cDeepIris: Iris Recognition Using A Deep Learning Approach,\u201d [Online]. Available: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1907.09380."},{"key":"14014_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pala F Bhanu B (2017) \u201cIris Liveness Detection by Relative Distance Comparisons,\u201d IEEE Comput. Soc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. Work., vol. 2017-July, pp. 664\u2013671 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.95.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2017.95"},{"key":"14014_CR62","unstructured":"\u201cPresentation attack detection algorithm for face and iris biometrics\u201d (2014) pp. 1387\u20131391"},{"key":"14014_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Puhan NB, Sudha N, Hegde S (2011) A new iris liveness detection method against contact lens spoofing. Proc Int Symp Consum Electron ISCE:71\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCE.2011.5973786","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCE.2011.5973786"},{"key":"14014_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raghavendra R, Busch C (2014) Presentation attack detection on visible spectrum iris recognition by exploring inherent characteristics of Light Field Camera. IJCB 2014\u20132014 IEEE\/IAPR Int Jt Conf Biometrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BTAS.2014.6996226","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2014.6996226"},{"issue":"4","key":"14014_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2400393","volume":"10","author":"R Raghavendra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raghavendra R, Busch C (2015) Robust scheme for iris presentation attack detection using multiscale binarized statistical image features. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 10(4):703\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2400393","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"14014_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raja KB, Raghavendra R, Busch C (2015) \u201cPresentation attack detection using Laplacian decomposed frequency response for visible spectrum and Near-Infra-Red iris systems,\u201d 2015 IEEE 7th Int. Conf. Biometrics Theory, Appl. Syst. BTAS 2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BTAS.2015.7358790.","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2015.7358790"},{"key":"14014_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ratha NK, Connell JH, Bolle RM (2001) An analysis of minutiae matching strength. Lect Notes Comput Sci (including Subser Lect Notes Artif Intell Lect Notes Bioinformatics) 2091 LNCS(2015):223\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-45344-x_32","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45344-x_32"},{"key":"14014_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ribeiro E, Uhl A (2017) Exploring Texture Transfer Learning via Convolutional Neural Networks for Iris Super Resolution. Lect Notes Informatics (LNI), Proc - Ser Gesellschaft fur Inform (00736):0\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/BIOSIG.2017.8053505","DOI":"10.23919\/BIOSIG.2017.8053505"},{"key":"14014_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2015.06.011","volume":"68","author":"I Rigas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rigas I, Komogortsev OV (2015) Eye movement-driven defense against iris print-attacks. Pattern Recogn Lett 68:316\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2015.06.011","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"issue":"c","key":"14014_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5994","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2889996","volume":"7","author":"Z Rui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rui Z, Yan Z (2019) A survey on biometric authentication: toward secure and privacy-preserving identification. IEEE Access 7(c):5994\u20136009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2889996","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"14014_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219322","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3041519","volume":"8","author":"M Sardar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sardar M, Banerjee S, Mitra S (2020) Iris segmentation using interactive deep learning. IEEE Access 8:219322\u2013219330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3041519","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"31","key":"14014_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.12913\/22998624\/64062","volume":"10","author":"A Selwal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Selwal A, Gupta S, Kumar S (2016) A Scheme for Template Security At Feature Fusion Level in Multimodal Biometric System. Adv Sci Technol Res J 10(31):23\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12913\/22998624\/64062","journal-title":"Adv Sci Technol Res J"},{"issue":"5","key":"14014_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-169274","volume":"32","author":"A Selwal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Selwal A, Gupta SK, Surender (2017) Low overhead octet indexed template security scheme for multi-modal biometric system. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 32(5):3325\u20133337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JIFS-169274","journal-title":"J Intell Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"14014_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sequeira AF, Oliveira HP, Monteiro JC, Monteiro JP, Cardoso JS (2014) \u201cMobILive 2014 - Mobile Iris Liveness Detection Competition,\u201d IJCB 2014\u20132014 IEEE\/IAPR Int. Jt. Conf. Biometrics, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BTAS.2014.6996290.","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2014.6996290"},{"key":"14014_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma D, Selwal A (2021) An intelligent approach for fingerprint presentation attack detection using ensemble learning with improved local image features, no. 0123456789. Springer US.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11254-8"},{"issue":"March 2005","key":"14014_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2021.10.013","volume":"152","author":"D Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma D, Selwal A (2021) FinPAD: State-of-the-art of fingerprint presentation attack detection mechanisms, taxonomy and future perspectives. Pattern Recogn Lett 152(March 2005):225\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2021.10.013","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"issue":"0123456789","key":"14014_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-021-02173-8","volume":"38","author":"D Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma D, Selwal A (2021) HyFiPAD\u00a0: a hybrid approach for fingerprint presentation attack detection using local and adaptive image features. Vis Comput 38(0123456789):2999\u20133025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00371-021-02173-8","journal-title":"Vis Comput"},{"key":"14014_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silva P, Luz E, Baeta R, Pedrini H, Falcao AX, Menotti D (2015) \u201cAn Approach to Iris Contact Lens Detection Based on Deep Image Representations,\u201d Brazilian Symp. Comput. Graph. Image Process., vol. 2015-Octob, pp. 157\u2013164https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SIBGRAPI.2015.16.","DOI":"10.1109\/SIBGRAPI.2015.16"},{"key":"14014_CR79","unstructured":"Simonyan K, Zisserman A (2015) \u201cVery deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition,\u201d 3rd Int. Conf. Learn. Represent. ICLR 2015 - Conf. Track Proc., pp. 1\u201314"},{"key":"14014_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.12.003","volume":"52","author":"M Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh M, Singh R, Ross A (2019) A comprehensive overview of biometric fusion. Inf Fusion 52:187\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.12.003","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"key":"14014_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.308","volume":"2016","author":"C Szegedy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Szegedy C, Vanhoucke V, Ioffe S, Shlens J, Wojna Z (2016) Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Vision. Proc IEEE Comput Soc Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit 2016:2818\u20132826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR.2016.308","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Comput Soc Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"14014_CR82","unstructured":"Tan M, Le QV (2019) \u201cEfficientNet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks,\u201d 36th Int. Conf. Mach. Learn. ICML 2019, vol. 2019-June, pp. 10691\u201310700"},{"issue":"1","key":"14014_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3357796","volume":"16","author":"H Tann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tann H, Zhao H, Reda S (2019) A resource-efficient embedded iris recognition system using fully convolutional networks. ACM J Emerg Technol Comput Syst 16(1):1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3357796","journal-title":"ACM J Emerg Technol Comput Syst"},{"key":"14014_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3132582","volume":"17","author":"JE Tapia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tapia JE, Gonzalez S, Busch C (2022) Iris liveness detection using a Cascade of dedicated deep learning networks. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 17:42\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3132582","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"14014_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Therar HM, Mohammed LDEA, Ali APDAJ (2021) \u201cMultibiometric System for Iris Recognition Based Convolutional Neural Network and Transfer Learning,\u201d IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 1105, no. 1, p. 012032, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1757-899x\/1105\/1\/012032.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899x\/1105\/1\/012032"},{"issue":"4","key":"14014_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2406533","volume":"10","author":"S Tirunagari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tirunagari S, Poh N, Windridge D, Iorliam A, Suki N, Ho ATS (2015) Detection of face spoofing using visual dynamics. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 10(4):762\u2013777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2406533","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"issue":"10","key":"14014_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/app9102042","volume":"9","author":"R Tobji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tobji R, Di W, Ayoub N (2019) FMnet: Iris segmentation and recognition by using fully and multi-scale CNN for biometric security. Appl Sci 9(10):1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app9102042","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"14014_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Varkarakis V, Bazrafkan S, Corcoran P (2018) \u201cA deep learning approach to segmentation of distorted iris regions in head-mounted displays,\u201d 2018 IEEE Games, Entertain. Media Conf. GEM 2018, pp. 402\u2013406 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GEM.2018.8516446","DOI":"10.1109\/GEM.2018.8516446"},{"issue":"5","key":"14014_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2313025","volume":"9","author":"D Yadav","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yadav D, Kohli N, Doyle JS, Singh R, Vatsa M, Bowyer KW (2014) Unraveling the effect of textured contact lenses on iris recognition. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 9(5):851\u2013862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2313025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"14014_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yambay D, Doyle JS, Bowyer KW, Czajka A, Schuckers S (2014) \u201cLivDet-iris 2013 - Iris Liveness Detection Competition 2013,\u201d IJCB 2014\u20132014 IEEE\/IAPR Int. Jt. Conf. Biometrics, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BTAS.2014.6996283.","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2014.6996283"},{"key":"14014_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yambay D, Czajka A, Ii F (2015) \u201cLivDet-Iris 2015 \u2013 Iris liveness detection competition 2015 University of Naples\u201d","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2014.6996283"},{"key":"14014_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yambay D et al. (2018) \u201cLivDet iris 2017 - Iris liveness detection competition 2017,\u201d IEEE Int. Jt. Conf. Biometrics, IJCB 2017, vol. 2018-Janua, pp. 733\u2013741, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BTAS.2017.8272763.","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2017.8272763"},{"key":"14014_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang Y, Shen P, Chen C (2019) A robust iris segmentation using fully convolutional network with dilated convolutions. Proc - 2018 IEEE Int Symp Multimedia, ISM 2018:9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISM.2018.00010","DOI":"10.1109\/ISM.2018.00010"},{"key":"14014_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang H, Sun Z, Tan T (2010) Contact lens detection based on weighted LBP. Proc - Int Conf Pattern Recognit:4279\u20134282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPR.2010.1040","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.1040"},{"key":"14014_CR95","unstructured":"Zhang H, Sun Z, Tan T, Wang J (2011) \u201cLearning hierarchical visual codebook for Iris liveness detection\u201d"},{"key":"14014_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Kumar A (2017) \u201cTowards More Accurate Iris Recognition Using Deeply Learned Spatially Corresponding Features,\u201d Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis., vol. 2017-Octob, pp. 3829\u20133838, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCV.2017.411.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.411"},{"key":"14014_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2019.04.010","volume":"93","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Kumar A (2019) A deep learning based unified framework to detect, segment and recognize irises using spatially corresponding features. Pattern Recogn 93:546\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2019.04.010","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-14014-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-022-14014-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-022-14014-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T12:55:45Z","timestamp":1728132945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-022-14014-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["14014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-022-14014-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1380-7501","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All the authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}