{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:50:12Z","timestamp":1762869012618,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14423-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T16:05:17Z","timestamp":1676045117000},"page":"27005-27025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identifying the walking patterns of visually impaired people by extending white cane with smartphone sensors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7540-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izaz","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7734-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shah","family":"Khusro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0693-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irfan","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"14423_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1922649.1922653","volume":"43","author":"JK Aggarwal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aggarwal JK, Ryoo MS (2011) Human activity analysis: a review. ACM Comput Surv 43(3):1\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1922649.1922653","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"issue":"6","key":"14423_CR2","first-page":"1731","volume":"10","author":"F Alam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alam F, Pachauri S (2017) Comparative study of J48, naive Bayes and one-R classification technique for credit card fraud detection using WEKA. Adv Compu Sci Technol 10(6):1731\u20131743","journal-title":"Adv Compu Sci Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"14423_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2018.2879069","volume":"68","author":"B And\u00f2","year":"2019","unstructured":"And\u00f2 B, Baglio S, Marletta V, Crispino R, Pistorio A (2019) A measurement strategy to assess the optimal design of an RFID-based navigation aid. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 68(7):2356\u20132362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIM.2018.2879069","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"14423_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bao L, Intille SS (2004) Activity recognition from user-annotated acceleration data. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Pervasive Computing, PERVASIVE 2004, Vienna Austria. Springer, pp 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-24646-6_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24646-6_1"},{"key":"14423_CR5","unstructured":"Blindness and vision impairement: key facts (2021) World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/blindness-and-visual-impairment. Accessed July 05, 2022"},{"key":"14423_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Croce D, Gallo P, Garlisi D, Giarr\u00e9 L, Mangione S, Tinnirello I (2014) ARIANNA: A smartphone-based navigation system with human in the loop. In: 22nd Mediterranean Conference of Control and Automation (MED), 2014 Palermo, Italy. IEEE, pp 8\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MED.2014.6961318","DOI":"10.1109\/MED.2014.6961318"},{"key":"14423_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4073584","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4073584","volume":"2016","author":"R Dama\u0161evi\u010dius","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dama\u0161evi\u010dius R, Vasiljevas M, \u0160alkevi\u010dius J, Wo\u017aniak M (2016) Human activity recognition in AAL environments using random projections. Computa Mathema Meth Med 2016:4073584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/4073584","journal-title":"Computa Mathema Meth Med"},{"key":"14423_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dargie W Analysis of Time and Frequency Domain Features of Accelerometer Measurements. In: Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, San Francisco, CA, USA,. pp 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCCN.2009.5235366","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN.2009.5235366"},{"key":"14423_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Davis J, Goadrich M (2006) The relationship between Precision-Recall and ROC curves. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML'06), Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA. pp 233\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1143844.1143874","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143874"},{"key":"14423_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3001500","volume":"23","author":"PJ Duh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duh PJ, Sung YC, Chiang LYF, Chang YJ, Chen KW (2021) V-eye: a vision-based navigation system for the visually impaired. IEEE Transac Multimed 23:1567\u20131580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMM.2020.3001500","journal-title":"IEEE Transac Multimed"},{"key":"14423_CR11","unstructured":"Eibe Frank MAH, Ian H (2016) Data mining: practical machine learning tools and techniques. 4th edn. Morgan Kaufmann"},{"key":"14423_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2013.04.031","volume":"7","author":"E Garcia-Ceja","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garcia-Ceja E, Brena R (2013) Long-term activity recognition from accelerometer data. Procedia Technol 7:248\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.protcy.2013.04.031","journal-title":"Procedia Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"14423_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/1656274.1656278","volume":"11","author":"M Hall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hall M, Frank E, Holmes G, Pfahringer B, Reutemann P, Witten IH (2009) The WEKA data mining software: an update. ACM SIGKDD Explor Newslett 11(1):10\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1656274.1656278","journal-title":"ACM SIGKDD Explor Newslett"},{"issue":"1","key":"14423_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3014955","volume":"21","author":"X Hou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hou X, Bergmann J (2021) Pedestrian dead reckoning with wearable sensors: a systematic review. IEEE Sensors J 21(1):143\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3014955","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J"},{"issue":"6","key":"14423_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2019.1615999","volume":"15","author":"MH Husin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Husin MH, Lim YK (2020) InWalker: smart white cane for the blind. Disab Rehab: Assist Technol 15(6):701\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17483107.2019.1615999","journal-title":"Disab Rehab: Assist Technol"},{"key":"14423_CR16","unstructured":"Khan M, Ahamed SI, Rahman M, Smith RO (2011) A feature extraction method for realtime human activity recognition on cell phones. In: Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium on Quality of Life Technology (isQoLT 2011), Toronto, Canada, June 5-8. pp. 1\u20136. https:\/\/epublications.marquette.edu\/mscs_fac\/183"},{"issue":"10","key":"14423_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13099","DOI":"10.3390\/s131013099","volume":"13","author":"AM Khan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khan AM, Siddiqi MH, Lee S-W (2013) Exploratory data analysis of acceleration signals to select light-weight and accurate features for real-time activity recognition on smartphones. Sensors 13(10):13099\u201313122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s131013099","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"14423_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503291","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/503291","volume":"10","author":"AM Khan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khan AM, Tufail A, Khattak AM, Laine TH (2014) Activity recognition on smartphones via sensor-fusion and KDA-based SVMs. Int J Distri Sensor Netw 10:503291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/503291","journal-title":"Int J Distri Sensor Netw"},{"key":"14423_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6058","volume":"6","author":"I Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan I, Khusro S, Ullah I (2018) Technology-assisted white cane: evaluation and future directions. PeerJ 6:e6058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.6058","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"14423_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan I, Khusro S, Ullah I, Mahfooz S (2019) Towards Smartphone-Based Navigation for Visually Impaired People. In: Proceedings of the Computational Methods in Systems and Software (CoMeSyso2018), Online, Czech Republic. Computational and Statistical Methods in Intelligent Systems. Springer International Publishing, pp 366\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-00211-4_32","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00211-4_32"},{"key":"14423_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26712","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3052415","volume":"9","author":"S Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan S, Nazir S, Khan HU (2021) Analysis of navigation assistants for blind and visually impaired people: a systematic review. IEEE Access 9:26712\u201326734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3052415","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"14423_CR22","first-page":"99","volume":"7","author":"SY Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim SY, Cho K (2013) Usability and design guidelines of smart canes for users with visual impairments. Int J Des 7(1):99\u2013110 http:\/\/www.ijdesign.org\/index.php\/IJDesign\/article\/view\/1209\/559","journal-title":"Int J Des"},{"issue":"1","key":"14423_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13673-020-00222-0","volume":"10","author":"J Kunhoth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kunhoth J, Karkar A, Al-Maadeed S, Al-Ali A (2020) Indoor positioning and wayfinding systems: a survey. Human-centric Comput Inform Sci 10(1):1\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13673-020-00222-0","journal-title":"Human-centric Comput Inform Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"14423_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/02564602.2020.1819893","volume":"39","author":"B Kuriakose","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kuriakose B, Shrestha R, Sandnes FE (2022) Tools and Technologies for Blind and Visually Impaired Navigation Support: a review. IETE Tech Rev 39(1):3\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02564602.2020.1819893","journal-title":"IETE Tech Rev"},{"key":"14423_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee GT, Seo SB, Jeon WS (2021) Indoor Localization by Kalman Filter based Combining of UWB-Positioning and PDR. In: 2021 IEEE 18th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), Las Vegas, NV, USA, pp 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CCNC49032.2021.9369588","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC49032.2021.9369588"},{"issue":"9","key":"14423_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14091763","volume":"14","author":"L Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li L, Ke Y, Zhang T, Zhao J, Huang Z (2022) A human defecation prediction method based on multi-domain features and improved support vector machine. Symmetry 14(9):1763","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"issue":"6","key":"14423_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061371","volume":"17","author":"B-S Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin B-S, Lee C-C, Chiang P-Y (2017) Simple smartphone-based guiding system for visually impaired people. Sensors 17(6):1371","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"21","key":"14423_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216238","volume":"20","author":"P Mahida","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahida P, Shahrestani S, Cheung H (2020) Deep learning-based positioning of visually impaired people in indoor environments. Sensors 20(21):1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20216238","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"3","key":"14423_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies10030054","volume":"10","author":"A Meliones","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meliones A, Filios C, Llorente J (2022) Reliable ultrasonic obstacle recognition for outdoor blind navigation. Technol 10(3):54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/technologies10030054","journal-title":"Technol"},{"key":"14423_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mocanu A, Sita V, Avram C, Radu D, A\u015ftilean A (2020) Assistive Navigation Application for Blind People using a White Cane Embedded System. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR), Cluj-Napoca, Romania. IEEE, pp 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/AQTR49680.2020.9129942","DOI":"10.1109\/AQTR49680.2020.9129942"},{"issue":"3","key":"14423_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.2006190","volume":"56","author":"SJ Preece","year":"2009","unstructured":"Preece SJ, Goulermas JY, Kenney LP, Howard D (2009) A comparison of feature extraction methods for the classification of dynamic activities from accelerometer data. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 56(3):871\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2008.2006190","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"14423_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ravi N, Dandekar N, Mysore P, Littman ML (2005) Activity Recognition from Accelerometer Data. In: Porter B (ed) IAAI'05: Proceedings of the 17th conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. vol 2005. AAAI Press, pp 1541\u20131546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5555\/1620092.1620107","DOI":"10.5555\/1620092.1620107"},{"issue":"12","key":"14423_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s21124033","volume":"21","author":"P Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren P, Elyasi F, Manduchi R (2021) Smartphone-based inertial Odometry for blind walkers. Sensors 21(12):1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21124033","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"14","key":"14423_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144767","volume":"21","author":"KM Reyes Leiva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reyes Leiva KM, Ja\u00e9n-Vargas M, Codina B, Serrano Olmedo JJ (2021) Inertial measurement unit sensors in assistive Technologies for Visually Impaired People, a review. Sensors 21(14):1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21144767","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"14423_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Riehle TH, Anderson SM, Lichter PA, Whalen WE, Giudice NA (2013) Indoor inertial waypoint navigation for the blind. In: 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE on Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Osaka, Japan, 03-07 July 2013 2013. IEEE, pp 5187\u20135190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EMBC.2013.6610717","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2013.6610717"},{"key":"14423_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seni G, Elder JF (2010) Ensemble methods in data mining: improving accuracy through combining predictions. Synt Lect Data Mining Knowle Disc, vol 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2200\/S00240ED1V01Y200912DMK002","DOI":"10.2200\/S00240ED1V01Y200912DMK002"},{"key":"14423_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shoaib M, Scholten H (2013) Havinga PJ Towards physical activity recognition using smartphone sensors. In: IEEE 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing\/Autonomic and Trusted Computing (UIC\/ATC), 2013, Vietri sul Mare, Italy. IEEE, pp 80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/UIC-ATC.2013.43","DOI":"10.1109\/UIC-ATC.2013.43"},{"issue":"3","key":"14423_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1109\/TST.2014.6838194","volume":"19","author":"X Su","year":"2014","unstructured":"Su X, Tong H, Ji P (2014) Activity recognition with smartphone sensors. Tsinghua Sci Technol 19(3):235\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TST.2014.6838194","journal-title":"Tsinghua Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"14423_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-013-0328-8","volume":"17","author":"P Vera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vera P, Zenteno D, Salas J (2014) A smartphone-based virtual white cane. Pattern Anal Applic 17(3):623\u2013632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10044-013-0328-8","journal-title":"Pattern Anal Applic"},{"key":"14423_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang HC, Katzschmann RK, Teng S, Araki B, Giarr\u00e9 L, Rus D (2017) Enabling independent navigation for visually impaired people through a wearable vision-based feedback system. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Singapore, pp 6533\u20136540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICRA.2017.7989772","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2017.7989772"},{"issue":"8","key":"14423_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7499","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3153610","volume":"22","author":"Q Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Q, Luo H, Wang J, Sun L, Ma Z, Zhang C, Fu M, Zhao F (2022) Recent advances in pedestrian navigation activity recognition: a review. IEEE Sensors J 22(8):7499\u20137518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3153610","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J"},{"issue":"6","key":"14423_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6010","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3147309","volume":"22","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Z, Yang Z, Wang Z (2022) An adaptive indoor positioning method using multisource information fusion combing Wi-fi\/MM\/PDR. IEEE Sensors J 22(6):6010\u20136018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3147309","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J"},{"issue":"5","key":"14423_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2208","volume":"14","author":"W Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu W, Dasgupta S, Ramirez EE, Peterson C, Norman GJ (2012) Classification accuracies of physical activities using smartphone motion sensors. J Med Internet Res 14(5):e130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.2208","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"14423_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yasir M, Lestari IN, Setiawan C, Ulfiah EMR, Hamidi EAZ (2021) Design and Implementation of The Blind Navigation Aids Using Ultrasonic Sensor. In: 2021 7th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT), Bandung, Indonesia, pp 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICWT52862.2021.9678455","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWT52862.2021.9678455"},{"key":"14423_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Bao J, Song Y (2018) Human activity recognition based on time series analysis using U-net. arXiv preprint. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1809.08113","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1809.08113"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-023-14423-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-023-14423-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-023-14423-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T20:05:30Z","timestamp":1687550730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-023-14423-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["14423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-14423-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1380-7501"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7721"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 February 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors explicitly declare \u201cNo Competing Interests\u201d are at stake and there is \u201cNo Conflict of Interest\u201d with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias the article\u2019s content.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}