{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:46:56Z","timestamp":1764604016280,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17571-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T09:14:42Z","timestamp":1702372482000},"page":"56569-56618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["GPOD: An Efficient and Secure Graphical Password Authentication System by Fast Object Detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5741-7630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palash","family":"Ray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debasis","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weizhi","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumyadeep","family":"Hore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"17571_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsaiari H, Papadaki M, Dowland P, Furnell S (2016) A review of graphical authentication utilising a keypad input method. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Saudi Students Conference in the UK, pp 359\u2013374, World Scientific","DOI":"10.1142\/9781783269150_0031"},{"key":"17571_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maity M, Dhane DM, Mungle T, Chakraborty R, Deokamble V, Chakraborty C (2016) A secure one-time password authentication scheme using image texture features. In: Security in Computing and Communications: 4th International Symposium, SSCC 2016, Jaipur, India, September 21-24, 2016, Proceedings 4, Springer, pp 283\u2013294","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-2738-3_24"},{"issue":"11","key":"17571_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1145\/359168.359172","volume":"22","author":"R Morris","year":"1979","unstructured":"Morris R, Thompson K (1979) Password security: A case history\u2019\u2019. Commun ACM 22(11):594\u2013597","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"17571_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.03.063","volume":"79","author":"MAS Gokhale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gokhale MAS, Waghmare VS (2016) The shoulder surfing resistant graphical password authentication technique\u2019\u2019. Procedia Comput Sci 79:490\u2013498","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"17571_CR5","unstructured":"Komanduri S, Hutchings DR (2008) Order and entropy in picture passwords. in Proceedings of graphics interface 2008, pp 115\u2013122, Citeseer"},{"key":"17571_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2017.09.016","volume":"77","author":"D Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin D, Hilbert N, Storer C, Jiang W, Fan J (2018) Uface: Your universal password that no one can see\u2019\u2019. Comput Secur 77:627\u2013641","journal-title":"Comput Secur"},{"issue":"1","key":"17571_CR7","first-page":"508","volume":"11","author":"M Sasmal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sasmal M, Ray P, Sen M, Mukherjee R, Bandyopadhyay S (2020) A brief review on text and image captcha\u2019\u2019. Turkish J Comput Math Educ (TURCOMAT) 11(1):508\u2013526","journal-title":"Turkish J Comput Math Educ (TURCOMAT)"},{"issue":"1","key":"17571_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2017.014735","volume":"63","author":"R Amin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amin R, Sherratt RS, Giri D, Islam SH, Khan MK (2017) A software agent enabled biometric security algorithm for secure file access in consumer storage devices\u2019\u2019. IEEE Trans Consumer Electron 63(1):53\u201361","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Consumer Electron"},{"issue":"3","key":"17571_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1006\/jnca.1997.0058","volume":"20","author":"H Schumacher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schumacher H, Ghosh S (1997) A fundamental framework for network security\u2019\u2019. J Netw Comput Appl 20(3):305\u2013322","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"17571_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2015.7389804","volume":"61","author":"D Giri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giri D, Sherratt RS, Maitra T, Amin R (2015) Efficient biometric and password based mutual authentication for consumer usb mass storage devices\u2019\u2019. IEEE Trans Consumer Electron 61(4):491\u2013499","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Consumer Electron"},{"issue":"2","key":"17571_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2011.11.009","volume":"35","author":"X Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li X, Xiong Y, Ma J, Wang W (2012) An efficient and security dynamic identity based authentication protocol for multi-server architecture using smart cards. J Netw Comput Appl 35(2):763\u2013769","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"key":"17571_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.02.016","volume":"217","author":"S Kostromina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kostromina S, Gnedykh D (2016) Students\u2019 psychological characteristics as factor of effective acquisition of visual information in e-learning. Procedia-Soc Behavioral Sci 217:34\u201341","journal-title":"Procedia-Soc Behavioral Sci"},{"key":"17571_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray P, Giri D, Kumar S, Sahoo P (2019) Fp-captcha: An improved captcha design scheme based on face points. In: international conference on information technology and applied mathematics, Springer, pp 218\u2013233","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34152-7_17"},{"issue":"4","key":"17571_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11696-0","volume":"81","author":"S De","year":"2022","unstructured":"De S, Bhaumik J, Giri D (2022) A secure image encryption scheme based on three different chaotic maps. Multimed Tools Appl 81(4):5485\u20135514","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"17571_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahumik J, De S (2018) A symmetric key-based image encryption scheme. In: Proceedings of the international conference on computing and communication systems: I3CS 2016, NEHU, Shillong, India, Springer, pp 663\u2013672","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-6890-4_64"},{"issue":"2","key":"17571_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2016.2539942","volume":"15","author":"H-M Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun H-M, Chen S-T, Yeh J-H, Cheng C-Y (2016) A shoulder surfing resistant graphical authentication system. IEEE Trans Dependable Sec Comput 15(2):180\u2013193","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dependable Sec Comput"},{"key":"17571_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panda S, Kumari M, Mondal S (2018) Sgp: A safe graphical password system resisting shoulder-surfing attack on smartphones. In: international conference on information systems security, Springer, pp 129\u2013145","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-05171-6_7"},{"key":"17571_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2017.05.006","volume":"70","author":"X Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu X, Wang Z, Li Y, Li L, Zhu WT, Song L (2017) Evopass: evolvable graphical password against shoulder-surfing attacks. Comput Secur 70:179\u2013198","journal-title":"Comput Secur"},{"key":"17571_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayashi E, Dhamija R, Christin N, Perrig A (2008) Use your illusion: secure authentication usable anywhere. In: Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Usable privacy and security, pp 35\u201345","DOI":"10.1145\/1408664.1408670"},{"key":"17571_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray P, Mukherjee R, Giri D, Sasmal M (2022) Smartgp: A framework for a two-factor graphical password authentication using smart devices. In: international conference on frontiers in computing and systems, Springer, pp 231\u2013240","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-2680-0_21"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"17571_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2005.04.020","volume":"63","author":"A De Angeli","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Angeli A, Coventry L, Johnson G, Renaud K (2005) Is a picture really worth a thousand words? exploring the feasibility of graphical authentication systems. Int J Hum-computer Stud 63(1\u20132):128\u2013152","journal-title":"Int J Hum-computer Stud"},{"key":"17571_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu X, Qiu J, Ma L, Gao H, Ren Z (2011) A novel cued-recall graphical password scheme. In: 2011 Sixth International Conference on Image and Graphics, IEEE, pp 949\u2013956","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIG.2011.16"},{"issue":"8","key":"17571_CR23","first-page":"775","volume":"12","author":"MA Alia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alia MA, Hnaif AA, Abdalla AM, Maria EMA (2018) An improved authentication scheme based on graphical passwords. ICIC Exp Lett 12(8):775\u2013783","journal-title":"ICIC Exp Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"17571_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-016-5472-z","volume":"11","author":"LY Por","year":"2017","unstructured":"Por LY, Ku CS, Islam A, Ang TF (2017) Graphical password: prevent shoulder-surfing attack using digraph substitution rules. Front Comput Sci 11(6):1098\u20131108","journal-title":"Front Comput Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"17571_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-013-0216-7","volume":"13","author":"T-S Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu T-S, Lee M-L, Lin H-Y, Wang C-Y (2014) Shoulder-surfing-proof graphical password authentication scheme. Int J Inf Secur 13(3):245\u2013254","journal-title":"Int J Inf Secur"},{"key":"17571_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng Y (2012) Designing click-draw based graphical password scheme for better authentication. In: 2012 IEEE Seventh international conference on networking, architecture, and storage, IEEE, pp 39\u201348","DOI":"10.1109\/NAS.2012.9"},{"key":"17571_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen W, Gavrila SI, Korolev V, Ayers RP, Swanstrom R (2003) Picture password: a visual login technique for mobile devices. UMBC Student Collection","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.7030"},{"key":"17571_CR28","first-page":"4","volume":"9","author":"R Dhamija","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dhamija R, Perrig A et al (2000) Deja vu-a user study: Using images for authentication. USENIX Secur Sympos 9:4\u20134","journal-title":"USENIX Secur Sympos"},{"key":"17571_CR29","unstructured":"Blonder GE (1996) Graphical password. Sept. 24. US Patent 5,559,961"},{"key":"17571_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brostoff S, Sasse MA (2000) Are passfaces more usable than passwords? a field trial investigation. In: People and computers XIV-usability or else!, Springer, pp 405\u2013424","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-0515-2_27"},{"key":"17571_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amin R, Islam S, Khan MK, Karati A, Giri D, Kumari S et al. (2017) A two-factor rsa-based robust authentication system for multiserver environments. Secur Commun Netw 2017","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5989151"},{"key":"17571_CR32","volume":"61","author":"T Maitra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maitra T, Singh S, Saurabh R, Giri D (2021) Analysis and enhancement of secure three-factor user authentication using chebyshev chaotic map. J Inf Sec Appl 61:102915","journal-title":"J Inf Sec Appl"},{"key":"17571_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2014.09.003","volume":"61","author":"J Schmidhuber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmidhuber J (2015) Deep learning in neural networks: An overview. Neural Netw 61:85\u2013117","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"17571_CR34","unstructured":"Szegedy C, Toshev A, Erhan D (2013) Deep neural networks for object detection. In: Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 2553\u20132561"},{"key":"17571_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ray P, Bera A, Giri D, Bhattacharjee D (2023) Style matching captcha: match neural transferred styles to thwart intelligent attacks. Multimed Syst 1\u201331","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2769420\/v1"},{"key":"17571_CR36","unstructured":"Jermyn I, Mayer A, Monrose F, Reiter MK, Rubin A (1999) The design and analysis of graphical passwords. In: 8th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 99)"},{"key":"17571_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tullis TS, Tedesco DP, McCaffrey KE (2011) Can users remember their pictorial passwords six years later. In: CHI\u201911 Extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems, pp 1789\u20131794, Association for Computing Machinery","DOI":"10.1145\/1979742.1979945"},{"issue":"4","key":"17571_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2333112.2333114","volume":"44","author":"R Biddle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Biddle R, Chiasson S, Van Oorschot PC (2012) Graphical passwords: Learning from the first twelve years. ACM Comput Surv (CSUR) 44(4):1\u201341","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv (CSUR)"},{"issue":"7","key":"17571_CR39","first-page":"1678","volume":"8","author":"H Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao H, Jia W, Ye F, Ma L (2013) A survey on the use of graphical passwords in security. JSW 8(7):1678\u20131698","journal-title":"JSW"},{"key":"17571_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syukri AF, Okamoto E, Mambo M (1998) A user identification system using signature written with mouse. In: Australasian conference on information security and privacy, Springer, pp 403\u2013414","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0053751"},{"key":"17571_CR41","unstructured":"Varenhorst C, Kleek M, Rudolph L (2004) Passdoodles: A lightweight authentication method. Res Sci Instit"},{"key":"17571_CR42","unstructured":"Orozco M, Malek B, Eid M, El Saddik A (2006) Haptic-based sensible graphical password In: proceedings of virtual concept 56:1\u20134"},{"key":"17571_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss R, De Luca A (2008) Passshapes: utilizing stroke based authentication to increase password memorability. In: Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges, pp 383\u2013392","DOI":"10.1145\/1463160.1463202"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"17571_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2005.04.010","volume":"63","author":"S Wiedenbeck","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wiedenbeck S, Waters J, Birget J-C, Brodskiy A, Memon N (2005) Passpoints: Design and longitudinal evaluation of a graphical password system. Int J Hum-comput Stud 63(1\u20132):102\u2013127","journal-title":"Int J Hum-comput Stud"},{"key":"17571_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiasson S, Van Oorschot PC, Biddle R (2007) Graphical password authentication using cued click points. In: European Symposium on Research in Computer Security,Springer, pp 359\u2013374","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74835-9_24"},{"key":"17571_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Eekelen WA, Van den Elst J, Khan V-J (2013) Picassopass: a password scheme using a dynamically layered combination of graphical elements. In: CHI\u201913 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp\u00a01857\u20131862, Association for Computing Machinery","DOI":"10.1145\/2468356.2468689"},{"key":"17571_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.03.006","volume":"53","author":"C-L Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu C-L, Tsai C-J, Chang T-Y, Tsai W-J, Zhong P-K (2015) Implementing multiple biometric features for a recall-based graphical keystroke dynamics authentication system on a smart phone. J Netw Comput Appl 53:128\u2013139","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"17571_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2003.1186723","volume":"2","author":"T Pering","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pering T, Sundar M, Light J, Want R (2003) Photographic authentication through untrusted terminals. IEEE Pervasive Comput 2(1):30\u201336","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput"},{"key":"17571_CR49","first-page":"11","volume":"13","author":"D Davis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Davis D, Monrose F, Reiter MK (2004) On user choice in graphical password schemes. USENIX Security Symposium 13:11\u201311","journal-title":"USENIX Security Symposium"},{"key":"17571_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiedenbeck S, Waters J, Sobrado L, Birget J-C (2006) Design and evaluation of a shoulder-surfing resistant graphical password scheme. In: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces, pp 177\u2013184","DOI":"10.1145\/1133265.1133303"},{"key":"17571_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bicakci K, Atalay NB, Yuceel M, Gurbaslar H, Erdeniz B (2009) Towards usable solutions to graphical password hotspot problem. In: 2009 33rd Annual IEEE international computer software and applications conference, IEEE 2:318\u2013323","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2009.153"},{"key":"17571_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao H, Liu X, Dai R, Wang S, Chang X (2009) Analysis and evaluation of the colorlogin graphical password scheme. In: 2009 Fifth international conference on image and graphics, IEEE, pp 722\u2013727","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIG.2009.62"},{"issue":"2","key":"17571_CR53","first-page":"320","volume":"8","author":"MA Haque","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haque MA, Imam B (2014) A new graphical password: combination of recall & recognition based approach. Int J Comput, Electrical, Automation, Control Inf Eng 8(2):320\u2013324","journal-title":"Int J Comput, Electrical, Automation, Control Inf Eng"},{"key":"17571_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao H, Li X (2007) S3pas: A scalable shoulder-surfing resistant textual-graphical password authentication scheme. In: 21st international conference on advanced information networking and applications workshops (AINAW\u201907),IEEE, 2:467\u2013472","DOI":"10.1109\/AINAW.2007.317"},{"key":"17571_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Oorschot PC, Wan T (2009) Twostep: An authentication method combining text and graphical passwords,\u201d in international conference on e-technologies, Springer, pp 233\u2013239","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01187-0_19"},{"key":"17571_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao H, Ren Z, Chang X, Liu X, Aickelin U (2010) A new graphical password scheme resistant to shoulder-surfing. In: 2010 international conference on cyberworlds, IEEE, pp 194\u2013199","DOI":"10.1109\/CW.2010.34"},{"key":"17571_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng W, Lee WH, Au MH, Liu Z (2017) Exploring effect of location number on map-based graphical password authentication. In: australasian conference on information security and privacy, Springer, pp 301\u2013313","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59870-3_17"},{"key":"17571_CR58","first-page":"28","volume":"41","author":"F Wolf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wolf F, Aviv AJ, Kuber R (2018) it\u2019s all about the start classifying eyes-free mobile authentication techniques. J Inf Secur Appl 41:28\u201340","journal-title":"J Inf Secur Appl"},{"key":"17571_CR59","first-page":"1","volume":"40","author":"JD Still","year":"2018","unstructured":"Still JD, Bell J (2018) Incognito: Shoulder-surfing resistant selection method. J Inf Secur Appl 40:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Inf Secur Appl"},{"key":"17571_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2016.11.010","volume":"65","author":"W Meng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meng W, Li W, Kwok L-F, Choo K-KR (2017) Towards enhancing click-draw based graphical passwords using multi-touch behaviours on smartphones. Comput Secur 65:213\u2013229","journal-title":"Comput Secur"},{"key":"17571_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuppusamy K (2019) Passcontext and passactions: transforming authentication into multi-dimensional contextual and interaction sequences. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 1\u201328","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-019-01336-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"17571_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-019-01269-3","volume":"11","author":"SA Alsuhibany","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alsuhibany SA (2020) Usability and shoulder surfing vulnerability of pattern passwords on mobile devices using camouflage patterns. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 11(4):1645\u20131655","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Human Comput"},{"key":"17571_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eljetlawi AM, Ithnin N (2008) Graphical password: Comprehensive study of the usability features of the recognition base graphical password methods. In: 2008 third international conference on convergence and hybrid information technology, IEEE, 2:1137\u20131143","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCIT.2008.20"},{"key":"17571_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khodadadi T, Islam A, Baharun S, Komaki S (2016) Evaluation of recognition-based graphical password schemes in terms of usability and security attributes.\u201d Int J Electrical Comput Eng (2088-8708) 6(6)","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v6i6.11227"},{"issue":"3","key":"17571_CR65","first-page":"102","volume":"7","author":"YS Chuen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chuen YS, Al-Rashdan M, Al-Maatouk Q (2020) Graphical password strategy. J Critical Rev 7(3):102\u2013104","journal-title":"Graphical password strategy. J Critical Rev"},{"key":"17571_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14075","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-015-3129-9","volume":"75","author":"J-N Luo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Luo J-N, Yang M-H (2016) A mobile authentication system resists to shoulder-surfing attacks. Multimed Tools Appl 75:14075\u201314087","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"17571_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.5626\/JCSE.2020.14.4.163","volume":"14","author":"TI Shammee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shammee TI, Akter T, Mou M, Chowdhury F, Ferdous MS (2020) A systematic literature review of graphical password schemes. J Comput Sci Eng 14(4):163\u2013185","journal-title":"J Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"17571_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.07.038","volume":"101","author":"W Meng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meng W, Zhu L, Li W, Han J, Li Y (2019) Enhancing the security of fintech applications with map-based graphical password authentication. Future Generation Comput Syst 101:1018\u20131027","journal-title":"Future Generation Comput Syst"},{"key":"17571_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaka JG, Ishaq OO, Ojeniyi JO (2021) Recognition-based graphical password algorithms: A survey. In: 2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cyberspac (CYBER NIGERIA),IEEE, pp 44\u201351","DOI":"10.1109\/CYBERNIGERIA51635.2021.9428801"},{"issue":"2","key":"17571_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.9734\/ajrcos\/2021\/v9i230220","volume":"9","author":"GY Izadeen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Izadeen GY, Ameen SY (2021) Smart android graphical password strategy: A review. Asian J Res Comput Sci 9(2):59\u201369","journal-title":"Asian J Res Comput Sci"},{"key":"17571_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51294","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3069164","volume":"9","author":"SZ Nizamani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nizamani SZ, Hassan SR, Shaikh RA, Abozinadah EA, Mehmood R (2021) A novel hybrid textual-graphical authentication scheme with better security, memorability, and usability. IEEE Access 9:51294\u201351312","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"17571_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16861","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-7043-9","volume":"78","author":"H Salehifar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salehifar H, Bayat P, Majd MA (2019) Eye gesture blink password: a new authentication system with high memorable and maximum password length. Multimed Tools Appl 78:16861\u201316885","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"17571_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bostan H, Bostan A (2023) Shoulder surfing resistant graphical password schema: Randomized pass points (rpp). Multimed Tools and Appl 1\u201325","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-15227-x"},{"key":"17571_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.03.071","volume":"79","author":"K Patra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patra K, Nemade B, Mishra DP, Satapathy PP (2016) Cued-click point graphical password using circular tolerance to increase password space and persuasive features. Procedia Comput Sci 79:561\u2013568","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"17571_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knudsen LR, Robshaw MJ, Knudsen LR, Robshaw MJ (2011) Brute force attacks.. The Block Cipher Companion pp 95\u2013108","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17342-4_5"},{"issue":"1","key":"17571_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2019.2920538","volume":"66","author":"N Merhav","year":"2019","unstructured":"Merhav N, Cohen A (2019) Universal randomized guessing with application to asynchronous decentralized brute-force attacks. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 66(1):114\u2013129","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Theory"},{"key":"17571_CR77","first-page":"41","volume":"39","author":"WI Khedr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khedr WI (2018) Improved keylogging and shoulder-surfing resistant visual two-factor authentication protocol. J Inf Secur Appl 39:41\u201357","journal-title":"J Inf Secur Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"17571_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2009.12","volume":"7","author":"F Callegati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Callegati F, Cerroni W, Ramilli M (2009) Man-in-the-middle attack to the https protocol. IEEE Secur Privacy 7(1):78\u201381","journal-title":"IEEE Secur Privacy"},{"key":"17571_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wazid M, Katal A, Goudar R, Singh D, Tyagi A, Sharma R, Bhakuni P (2013) A framework for detection and prevention of novel keylogger spyware attacks. In: 2013 7th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), pp\u00a0433\u2013438. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCO.2013.6481194"},{"key":"17571_CR80","unstructured":"Aviv AJ, Gibson K, Mossop E, Blaze M, Smith JM (2010) Smudge attacks on smartphone touch screens. In: 4th USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies (WOOT 10)"},{"key":"17571_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao J, Hays J, Ehinger KA, Oliva A, Torralba A (2010) Sun database: Large-scale scene recognition from abbey to zoo. In: 2010 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3485\u20133492. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5539970"},{"key":"17571_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin TY, Maire M, Belongie S, Hays J, Perona P, Ramanan D, Doll\u00e1r P, Zitnick CL (2014) Microsoft coco: Common objects in context. In: Computer Vision\u2013ECCV 2014: 13th European Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, September 6-12, 2014, Proceedings, Part V 13, pp 740\u2013755. Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10602-1_48"},{"key":"17571_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redmon J, Divvala S, Girshick R, Farhadi A (2016) You only look once: Unified, real-time object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp\u00a0779\u2013788","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.91"},{"key":"17571_CR84","unstructured":"Ren S, He K, Girshick R, Sun J (2015) Faster r-cnn: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. In Advances in neural information processing systems, pp\u00a091\u201399"},{"key":"17571_CR85","unstructured":"Foley D, Oreilly R (2018) An evaluation of convolutional neural network models for object detection in images on low-end devices. In: AICS, pp\u00a0350\u2013361"},{"key":"17571_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogez G, Weinzaepfel P, Schmid C (2017) Lcr-net: Localization-classification-regression for human pose. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3433\u20133441","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.134"},{"key":"17571_CR87","unstructured":"Tang S, Yuan Y (2015) Object detection based on convolutional neural network. In: International Conference-IEEE\u20132016"},{"issue":"8","key":"17571_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1109\/34.868688","volume":"22","author":"J Shi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shi J, Malik J (2000) Normalized cuts and image segmentation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 22(8):888\u2013905","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"17571_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar BV, Abirami S, Lakshmi RB, Lohitha R, Udhaya R (2019) Detection and content retrieval of object in an image using yolo. In: IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, 590:012062, IOP Publishing","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/590\/1\/012062"},{"key":"17571_CR90","unstructured":"Redmon J, Farhadi A (2018) Yolov3: An incremental improvement. arXiv:1804.02767"},{"key":"17571_CR91","unstructured":"Forouzan BA, Mukhopadhyay D (2015) Cryptography and network security, vol.\u00a012. Mc Graw Hill Education (India) Private Limited New York, NY, USA"},{"key":"17571_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braz C, Robert J-M (2006) Security and usability: the case of the user authentication methods. In: Proceedings of the 18th Conference on l\u2019Interaction Homme-Machine, pp\u00a0199\u2013203","DOI":"10.1145\/1132736.1132768"},{"issue":"1","key":"17571_CR93","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"M Hub","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hub M, Capek J, Myskova R (2011) Relationship between security and usability-authentication case study. Int J Comput Commun 5(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"Int J Comput Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"17571_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1037\/h0068244","volume":"1","author":"EA Kirkpatrick","year":"1894","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick EA (1894) An experimental study of memory. Psychol Rev 1(6):602","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"17571_CR95","unstructured":"Madigan S, Yuille J (1983) Image memory. Imagery, Memory, and Cognition: Essays in Honor of Allan Paivio. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ"},{"key":"17571_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bera A, Bhattacharjee D, Nasipuri M (2018) Hand biometric verification with hand image-based captcha. In: advanced computing and systems for security: volume five,Springer, pp 3\u201318","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-8180-4_1"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17571-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17571-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17571-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T06:19:16Z","timestamp":1716617956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17571-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["17571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17571-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7721"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they do not own any identifiable conflicting financial interests or personal ties that might have potentially influenced the findings presented in this research article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest \/ Competing interests"}}]}}