{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T22:11:15Z","timestamp":1773785475853,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17942-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T05:02:16Z","timestamp":1710565336000},"page":"87527-87551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["R-GCN: a\u00a0residual-gated recurrent unit convolution network model for anomaly detection in blockchain transactions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Rajmohan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. Ananth","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. G.","family":"Sandhya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5055-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"17942_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2894727","volume":"21","author":"R Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang R, Yu FR, Si P, Yang Z, Zhang Y (2019) Integrated blockchain and edge computing systems: a survey, some research issues and challenges. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 21(2):1508\u20131532","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials"},{"key":"17942_CR2","unstructured":"Nakamoto S (2008) Re: Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper. Crypt Mailing List 1\u20132"},{"key":"17942_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14488-w","volume":"82","author":"K Kiania","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kiania K, Jameii SM, Rahmani AM (2023) Blockchain-based privacy and security preserving in electronic health: a systematic review. Multimed Tools Appl 82:28493\u201328519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-14488-w","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"17942_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s42400-019-0038-7","volume":"2","author":"A Khraisat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khraisat A, Gondal I, Vamplew P, Kamruzzaman J (2019) Survey of intrusion detection systems: techniques, datasets and challenges. Cybersecurity 2(1):1\u201322","journal-title":"Cybersecurity"},{"issue":"20","key":"17942_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app9204396","volume":"9","author":"H Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu H (2019) Machine learning and deep learning methods for intrusion detection systems: a survey. Appl Sci 9(20):4396","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"17942_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-020-03410-y","volume":"77","author":"R Atefinia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atefinia R, Ahmadi M (2021) Network intrusion detection using multi-architectural modular deep neural network. J Supercomput 77(4):3571\u20133593","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"17942_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36623","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11465-z","volume":"81","author":"SK Yadav","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yadav SK, Sharma K, Kumar C et al (2022) Blockchain-based synergistic solution to current cybersecurity frameworks. Multimed Tools Appl 81:36623\u201336644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11465-z","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"17942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2022.04.018","volume":"134","author":"M Masuduzzaman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Masuduzzaman M, Islam A, Sadia K, Shin SY (2022) UAV-based MEC-assisted automated traffic management scheme using blockchain. Futur Gener Comput Syst 134:256\u2013270","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"17942_CR9","first-page":"2438","volume":"18","author":"J Weng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weng J, Weng J, Zhang J, Li M, Zhang Y (2019) Deepchain: auditable and privacy-preserving deep learning with blockchain-based incentive. IEEE Trans Dependable Secur Comput 18(5):2438\u20132455","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dependable Secur Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"17942_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3460427","volume":"54","author":"X Yin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yin X, Zhu Y, Hu J (2021) A comprehensive survey of privacy-preserving federated learning: a taxonomy, review, and future directions. ACM Comput Surv (CSUR) 54(6):1\u201336","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv (CSUR)"},{"issue":"1","key":"17942_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102397","volume":"58","author":"D Berdik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berdik D, Otoum S, Schmidt N, Porter D, Jararweh Y (2021) A survey on blockchain for information systems management and security. Inf Process Manag 58(1):102397","journal-title":"Inf Process Manag"},{"key":"17942_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14624-6","volume":"82","author":"AS Yadav","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yadav AS, Singh N, Kushwaha DS (2023) Evolution of Blockchain and consensus mechanisms & its real-world applications. Multimed Tools Appl 82:34363\u201334408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-14624-6","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"17942_CR13","first-page":"100027","volume":"2","author":"M Javaid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Javaid M, Haleem A, Singh RP, Khan S, Suman R (2021) Blockchain technology applications for industry 4.0: a literature-based review. Blockchain: Res Appl 2(4):100027","journal-title":"Blockchain: Res Appl"},{"key":"17942_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.01.011","volume":"118","author":"N Moustafa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moustafa N, Keshk M, Choo K-KR, Lynar T, Camtepe S, Whitty M (2021) DAD: a distributed anomaly detection system using ensemble one-class statistical learning in edge networks. Futur Gener Comput Syst 118:240\u2013251","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"17942_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.12.005","volume":"130","author":"G Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li G, Dong Y, Li J, Xuekun Song (2022) Strategy for dynamic blockchain construction and transmission in novel edge computing networks. Futur Gener Comput Syst 130:19\u201332","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"17942_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3390\/a13050121","volume":"13","author":"IE Livieris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Livieris IE, Pintelas E, Stavroyiannis S, Pintelas P (2020) Ensemble deep learning models for forecasting cryptocurrency time-series. Algorithms 13(5):121","journal-title":"Algorithms"},{"key":"17942_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas C, Watson Z, Kim M, Baidya A, Lamsal M, Chowdhury MH, Basnet M, Poudel KN (2021) Cryptocurrency analysis using machine learning and deep learning. In: 2021 IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium (SPMB), IEEE, pp 01\u201303","DOI":"10.1109\/SPMB52430.2021.9672268"},{"key":"17942_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35398","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3163305","volume":"10","author":"R Parekh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parekh R, Patel NP, Thakkar N, Gupta R, Tanwar S, Davidson SG, Sharma R (2022) DL-GuesS: deep learning and Sentiment Analysis-based Cryptocurrency Price Prediction. IEEE Access 10:35398\u201335409","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"17942_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.06.037","volume":"125","author":"W Qiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiang W, Liu R, Jin H (2021) Defending CNN against privacy leakage in edge computing via binary neural networks. Futur Gener Comput Syst 125:460\u2013470","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"17942_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2022.3180883","volume":"17","author":"A Falcetta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Falcetta A (2022) Privacy-preserving deep learning with homomorphic encryption: an introduction. IEEE Comput Intell Mag 17(3):14\u201325","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Intell Mag"},{"key":"17942_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30623","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09368-6","volume":"80","author":"J Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng J, Xie L, Tang X, Xiong N, Liu B (2021) A survey of security threats and defense on Blockchain. Multimed Tools Appl 80:30623\u201330652","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"17942_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2020.3001061","volume":"7","author":"Y Qu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qu Y, Yu S, Zhou W, Tian Y (2020) Gan-driven personalized spatial-temporal private data sharing in cyber-physical social systems. IEEE Trans Netw Sci Eng 7(4):2576\u20132586","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Netw Sci Eng"},{"key":"17942_CR23","unstructured":"Tram\u00e8r F, Boneh D, Paterson K (2020) Remote side-channel attacks on anonymous transactions. In: 29th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX security 20), pp 2739\u20132756"},{"issue":"2","key":"17942_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4018\/IJISP.2020040105","volume":"14","author":"G Maji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maji G, Mandal S, Sen S (2020) Dual image-based dictionary encoded data hiding in spatial domain. Int J Inform Secur Priv (IJISP) 14(2):83\u2013101","journal-title":"Int J Inform Secur Priv (IJISP)"},{"key":"17942_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2019.10.008","volume":"137","author":"A Alabdulatif","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alabdulatif A, Khalil I, Yi X (2020) Towards secure big data analytic for cloud-enabled applications with fully homomorphic encryption. J Parallel Distrib Comput 137:192\u2013204","journal-title":"J Parallel Distrib Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"17942_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102462","volume":"58","author":"T Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu T, Liu X, Chen T, Zhang X, Huang X, Niu W, Lu J, Zhou K, Liu Y (2021) Transaction-based classification and detection approach for Ethereum smart contract. Inf Process Manag 58(2):102462","journal-title":"Inf Process Manag"},{"key":"17942_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ofori-Boateng D, Dominguez IS, Akcora C, Kantarcioglu M, Gel YR (2021) Topological anomaly detection in dynamic multilayer blockchain networks. In: Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Springer, Cham,\u00a0pp 788\u2013804","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86486-6_48"},{"key":"17942_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen H, Fang J, Wu J, Zheng Z (2021) Transaction-based hidden strategies against general phishing detection framework on ethereum, In: 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), IEEE, pp 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS51556.2021.9401091"},{"key":"17942_CR29","unstructured":"Li S, Xu F, Wang R, Zhong S (2021) Self-supervised incremental deep graph learning for ethereum phishing scam detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.10176"},{"key":"17942_CR30","unstructured":"Qian P, Liu Z, He Q, Huang B, Tian D, Wang X (2022) Smart contract vulnerability detection technique: a survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.05872"},{"key":"17942_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-15152-z","volume":"82","author":"A Zakzouk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zakzouk A, El-Sayed A, Hemdan EED (2023) A blockchain-based electronic medical records management framework in smart healthcare infrastructure. Multimed Tools Appl 82:35419\u201335437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-15152-z","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"17942_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2021.114061","volume":"407","author":"H Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan H (2022) The digital asset value and currency supervision under deep learning and blockchain technology. J Comput Appl Math 407:114061","journal-title":"J Comput Appl Math"},{"issue":"9","key":"17942_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6358","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3142030","volume":"18","author":"P Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar P, Kumar R, Gupta GP, Tripathi R, Srivastava G (2022) P2TIF: a Blockchain and Deep Learning Framework for privacy-preserved threat intelligence in Industrial IoT. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 18(9):6358\u20136367","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inf"},{"key":"17942_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104186","volume":"136","author":"X Pan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pan X, Zhong B, Sheng D, Yuan X, Wang Y (2022) Blockchain and deep learning technologies for construction equipment security information management. Autom Constr 136:104186","journal-title":"Autom Constr"},{"key":"17942_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noei M, Parvizimosaed M, Bigdeli AS, Yalpanian M (2022) A secure hybrid permissioned blockchain and deep learning platform for CT image classification. In: 2022 International Conference on Machine Vision and Image Processing (MVIP), IEEE, pp 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/MVIP53647.2022.9738736"},{"key":"17942_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2021.11.023","volume":"153","author":"D Saveetha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saveetha D, Maragatham G (2022) Design of Blockchain enabled intrusion detection model for detecting security Attacks using deep learning. Pattern Recognit Lett 153:24\u201328","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Lett"},{"key":"17942_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chancellor S, Nitzburg G, Hu A, Zampieri F, De Choudhury M (2019) Discovering alternative treatments for opioid use recovery using social media, In: Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp 1\u201315","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300354"},{"key":"17942_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.04.064","volume":"133","author":"W Zhong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhong W, Gu F (2019) A multi-level deep learning system for malware detection. Expert Syst Appl 133:151\u2013162","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"17942_CR39","first-page":"66","volume":"14","author":"V Marchetto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marchetto V (2019) An investigation of cryptojacking: malware analysis and defense strategies. J Strategic Innov Sustain 14(1):66\u201380","journal-title":"J Strategic Innov Sustain"},{"issue":"1","key":"17942_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/grow.12342","volume":"51","author":"S Shahab","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahab S, Allam Z (2020) Reducing transaction costs of tradable permit schemes using Blockchain smart contracts. Growth Change 51(1):302\u2013308","journal-title":"Growth Change"},{"key":"17942_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.10.018","volume":"129","author":"J Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu J, Ye X, Li H (2022) A high precision intrusion detection system for network security communication based on multi-scale convolutional neural network. Futur Gener Comput Syst 129:399\u2013406","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"17942_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19021","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-14154-7","volume":"82","author":"A Devi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Devi A, Kumar A, Rathee G, Saini H (2023) User authentication of industrial internet of things (IIoT) through Blockchain. Multimed Tools Appl 82(12):19021\u201319039","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"17942_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.02.060","volume":"97","author":"MU Hassan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hassan MU, Rehmani MH, Chen J (2019) Privacy preservation in blockchain based IoT systems: integration issues, prospects, challenges, and future research directions. Futur Gener Comput Syst 97:512\u2013529","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"17942_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma R, Dhanda N, Nagar V (2023) Application of truffle suite in a blockchain environment. In: Proceedings of Third International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security. Springer, Singapore,\u00a0pp 693\u2013702","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-1142-2_54"},{"issue":"5","key":"17942_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s11280-022-01011-8","volume":"25","author":"F Dai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dai F, Liu G, Mo Q, Xu W, Huang B (2022) Task offloading for vehicular edge computing with edgecloud cooperation. World Wide Web 25(5):1999\u20132017","journal-title":"World Wide Web"},{"key":"17942_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.09.040","volume":"128","author":"A Mohammad Samar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohammad Samar A, Barto\u0161 V, Lee B (2022) GRU-based deep learning approach for network intrusion alert prediction. Futur Gener Comput Syst 128:235\u2013247","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"17942_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2022.08.011","volume":"138","author":"I Debicha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Debicha I, Bauwens R, Debatty T, Dricot J-M, Kenaza T, Mees W (2023) TAD: Transfer learning-based multi-adversarial detection of evasion attacks against network intrusion detection systems. Futur Gener Comput Syst 138:185\u2013197","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17942-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17942-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17942-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T10:12:30Z","timestamp":1734084750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17942-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["17942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17942-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No animals were involved in this study. All applicable international, national, and\/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they do not have any conflict of interest that influences the work reported in this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}