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While virtual reality is becoming a practical replacement for training that is otherwise expensive, dangerous, or inconvenient to deliver, virtual simulations can also enhance the learning process. Based on the concept of \u2018attention computing\u2019, we developed and tested a novel \u2018gaze-adaptive\u2019 training method within a virtual putting environment augmented with eye and motion tracking. To our knowledge, this work is the first application of attention computing and adaptive virtual reality to sports skill training. Novice golfers were randomly assigned to either standard putting practice in virtual reality (control) or gaze-adaptive training conditions. For gaze-adaptive training, the golf ball was sensitive to the participant\u2019s gaze and illuminated when fixated upon, to prompt longer and more stable pre-shot fixations. We recorded the effect of these training conditions on task performance, gaze control, and putting kinematics. Gaze-adaptive training was successful in generating more expert-like gaze control and putting kinematics, although this did not transfer to improved performance outcomes within the abbreviated training paradigm. These findings suggest that gaze-adaptive environments can enhance visuomotor learning and may be a promising method for augmenting virtual training environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17973-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T07:02:46Z","timestamp":1704351766000},"page":"60861-60879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Attention computing for enhanced visuomotor skill performance: Testing the effectiveness of gaze-adaptive cues in virtual reality golf putting"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3880-3856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Max","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9329-1262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Vine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"17973_CR1","volume-title":"A Gentle Introduction to Stata","author":"AC Acock","year":"2014","unstructured":"Acock AC (2014) A Gentle Introduction to Stata, 4th edn. 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