{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:16:34Z","timestamp":1791612994201,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-19079-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T06:01:46Z","timestamp":1712124106000},"page":"89931-89948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A transformer model for boundary detection in continuous sign language"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razieh","family":"Rastgoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6582-8691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kourosh","family":"Kiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0617-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Escalera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"19079_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S (2020) Sign language recognition: a deep survey. Exp Syst Appl 164:113794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113794"},{"key":"19079_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S, Athitsos V, Sabokrou M (2024) A survey on recent advances in Sign Language Production. Exp Syst Appl 243:122846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122846"},{"issue":"Part B","key":"19079_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118993","volume":"213","author":"A N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Marcos","year":"2023","unstructured":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Marcos A, Perez-de-Vi\u00f1aspre O, Labaka G (2023) A survey on sign language machine translation. Exp Syst Appl 213(Part B):118993","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"key":"19079_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S, Sabokrou M (2024) Multi-modal zero-shot dynamic hand gesture recognition. Exp Syst Appl 247:123349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123349"},{"key":"19079_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S (2024) Word separation in continuous sign language using isolated signs and post-processing. Exp Syst Appl 249(Part B):123695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123695"},{"issue":"1","key":"19079_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-02920-8","volume":"13","author":"R Rastgoo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S (2022) Real-time isolated hand sign language recognition using deep networks and SVD. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 13(1):591\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-021-02920-8","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Human Comput"},{"key":"19079_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-021-00444-8","volume":"8","author":"L Alzubaidi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alzubaidi L et al (2021) Review of deep learning: concepts, CNN architectures, challenges, applications, future directions. J Big Data 8:53","journal-title":"J Big Data"},{"issue":"28","key":"19079_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43781","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-15112-7","volume":"82","author":"R Rastgoo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S (2023) ZS-GR: zero-shot gesture recognition from RGB-D videos. Multimed Tools Appl 82(28):43781\u201343796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-15112-7","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"19079_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rezaei M, Rastgoo M, Athitsos V (2023) TriHorn-Net: a model for accurate depth-based 3D hand pose estimation. Exp Syst Appl 223:119922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.119922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.119922"},{"issue":"1","key":"19079_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-13573-w","volume":"82","author":"R Rastgoo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S (2023) A deep co-attentive hand-based video question answering framework using multi-view skeleton. Multimed Tools Appl 82(1):1401\u20131429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-022-13573-w","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"19079_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S, Sabokrou M (2021) Sign language production: a review. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Workshops. IEEE, pp 3451\u20133461","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW53098.2021.00384"},{"issue":"1","key":"19079_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09700-0","volume":"80","author":"R Rastgoo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S (2021) Hand pose aware multimodal isolated sign language recognition. Multimed Tools Appl 80(1):127\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-09700-0","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"31\u201332","key":"19079_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22965","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09048-5","volume":"79","author":"R Rastgoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S (2020) Video-based isolated hand sign language recognition using a deep cascaded model. Multimed Tools Appl 79(31\u201332):22965\u201322987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-020-09048-5","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"11","key":"19079_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3390\/e20110809","volume":"20","author":"R Rastgoo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S (2018) Multi-modal deep hand sign language recognition in still images using restricted Boltzmann machine. Entropy 20(11):809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e20110809","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"19079_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammadi Z, Akhavanpour A, Rastgoo R, Sabokrou M (2023) Diverse hand gesture recognition dataset. Multimed Tools Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-17268-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-17268-8"},{"key":"19079_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nada B, Ibrahim HHZ, MMS (2020) Advances, challenges and opportunities in continuous sign language recognition. J Eng Appl Sci 15(5):1205\u20131227","DOI":"10.36478\/jeasci.2020.1205.1227"},{"issue":"18","key":"19079_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185151","volume":"20","author":"JJ Bird","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bird JJ, Ek\u00e1rt A, Faria DR (2020) British sign language recognition via late fusion of computer vision and leap motion with transfer learning to american sign language. Sensors (Switzerland) 20(18):1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20185151","journal-title":"Sensors (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"3","key":"19079_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00612-w","volume":"2","author":"G Halvardsson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Halvardsson G et al (2021) Interpretation of Swedish sign language using convolutional neural networks and transfer learning. SN Comput Sci 2(3):1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-021-00612-w","journal-title":"SN Comput Sci"},{"key":"19079_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jiang X et al (2020) Fingerspelling Identification for Chinese Sign Language via AlexNet-Based Transfer Learning and Adam Optimizer. Sci Program 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/3291426.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3291426"},{"key":"19079_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharma S, Gupta R, Kumar A (2021) Continuous sign language recognition using isolated signs data and deep transfer learning\u2019, J Ambient Intell Human Comput. Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2020) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-021-03418-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-03418-z"},{"key":"19079_CR21","unstructured":"Boris M, Turner GH, Lohan KS, Hastie H (2017) Towards continuous sign language recognition with deep learning. The Heriot-Watt University School. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:5525834"},{"issue":"1","key":"19079_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.3390\/s21072437","volume":"21","author":"I Papastratis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Papastratis I, Dimitropoulos K, Daras P (2021) continuous sign language recognition through a context-aware generative adversarial network. Sensors (Basel) 21(1):2437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21072437","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"19079_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR48806.2021.9412364","volume-title":"25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)","author":"K Koishybay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koishybay K, Mukushev M, Sandygulova A (2021) Continuous sign language recognition with iterative spatiotemporal fine-tuning. In: 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, Milan, Italy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPR48806.2021.9412364"},{"key":"19079_CR24","first-page":"7361","volume-title":"2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","author":"R Cui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cui R, Liu H, Zhang CH (2017) Recurrent convolutional neural networks for continuous sign language recognition by staged optimization. In: 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, Honolulu, HI, USA, pp 7361\u20137369"},{"key":"19079_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuo R, Mak B (2022) C2SLR: consistency-enhanced continuous sign language recognition. In: IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp 5131\u2013140","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00507"},{"key":"19079_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou H et al (2021) Informer: beyond efficient transformer for long sequence time-series forecasting. The Thirty-Fifth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-21) 35:11106\u201311115","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i12.17325"},{"key":"19079_CR27","unstructured":"Dosovitskiy A et al (2021) An image is worth 16x16 words: transformers for image recognition at scale. International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)"},{"key":"19079_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Girshick R, Gupta A, He K (2018) Non-local neural networks. In: IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, Salt Lake City, USA, pp 7794\u20137803","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00813"},{"key":"19079_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carion N, Massa F, Synnaeve G, Usunier N, Kirillov A, Zagoruyko S (2020) End-to-end object detection with transformers. In: 16th European Computer Vision Association (ECCV). ECCV, Glasgow, UK","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_13"},{"key":"19079_CR30","unstructured":"Ramachandran P, Parmar N, Vaswani A, Bello I, Levskaya A, Shlens J (2019) Stand-alone self-attention in vision models. In: 33rd Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2019). Vancouver, Canada"},{"key":"19079_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang H, Zhu Y, Green B, Adam H, Yuille A, Chen LCh (2020) Axial-deeplab: stand-alone axial-attention for panoptic segmentation. In: 16th European Computer Vision Association (ECCV). Glasgow, UK, pp 108\u2013126","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58548-8_7"},{"key":"19079_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahajan D, Girshick R, Ramanathan V, He K, Paluri M, Li Y, Bharambe A, Maaten L (2018) Exploring the limits of weakly supervised pretraining. In: European Computer Vision Association (ECCV). Glasgow, UK, pp 185\u2013201","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01216-8_12"},{"key":"19079_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie Q, Luong MT, Hovy E, Le QV (2020) Self-training with noisy student improves ImageNet classification. In: IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). Seattle, WA, USA, pp 106787\u20131069","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01070"},{"key":"19079_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kolesnikov A, Beyer L, Zhai X, Puigcerver J, Yung J, Gelly S, Houlsby N (2020) Big transfer (BiT): General visual representation learning. In: 16th European Computer Vision Association (ECCV). Glasgow, UK, pp 491\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-58558-7_29","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58558-7_29"},{"key":"19079_CR35","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S (2022) A Non-Anatomical Graph Structure for isolated hand gesture separation in continuous gesture sequences. arXiv:2207.07619"},{"key":"19079_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2019.2929257","volume":"73","author":"Z Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao Z, Hidalgo Martinez G, Simon T, Wei S, Sheikh YA (2021) OpenPose: realtime multi-person 2D pose estimation using part affinity fields. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 73:172\u2013186","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"19079_CR37","unstructured":"Vaswani A, Shazeer N, Parmar N, Uszkoreit J, Jones L, Gomez AN, Kaiser L, Polosukhin I (2017) Attention is all you need. Adv Neural Inform Process Syst 30(NIPS 2017):5998\u20136008"},{"key":"19079_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rastgoo R, Kiani K, Escalera S (2020) Hand sign language recognition using multi-view hand skeleton. Exp Syst Appl 150:113336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113336"},{"key":"19079_CR39","unstructured":"Neidle C, Thangali A, Sclaroff S (2012) Challenges in development of the american sign language lexicon video dataset (ASLLVD) Corpus. IN: 5th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Interactions between Corpus and Lexicon, LREC 2012. Istanbul, Turkey. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/asllrp\/av\/dai-asllvd.html. Accessed Apr 2024"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-024-19079-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-024-19079-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-024-19079-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T20:04:34Z","timestamp":1735416274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-024-19079-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"42","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["19079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-024-19079-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval (include appropriate approvals or waivers)"}},{"value":"All authors confirm their consent for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors certify that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interest"}}]}}