{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T23:17:16Z","timestamp":1782170236299,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007051","name":"Uppsala Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-19989-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T04:02:05Z","timestamp":1723089725000},"page":"22809-22826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Deep learning-based algorithm for automated detection of glaucoma on eye fundus images"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Tampa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martial","family":"Mekongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0067-4254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain","family":"Tiedeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"19989_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.3501","volume":"137","author":"H Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu H et al (2019) Development and validation of a deep learning system to detect glaucomatous optic neuropathy using fundus photographs. JAMA Ophthalmol 137(12):1353\u20131360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.3501","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"19989_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1109\/42.963823","volume":"20","author":"M Lalonde","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lalonde M, Beaulieu M, Gagnon L (2001) Fast and robust optic disc detection using pyramidal decomposition and Hausdorff-based template matching. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 20(11):1193\u20131200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/42.963823","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"19989_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020434","volume":"22","author":"M Nawaz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nawaz M, Nazir T, Javed A, Tariq U, Yong H-S, Khan MA, Cha JA (2022) Efficient deep learning approach to automatic Glaucoma detection using optic disc and optic cup localization. Sensors 22:434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22020434","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"19989_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walter, T., & Klein, J. C. (2001). Segmentation of color fundus images of the human retina: Detection of the optic disc and the vascular tree using morphological techniques. In Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on medical data analysis, 282\u2013287. Springer, London, UK, UK, ISMDA \u201801. https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=646351.691036","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45497-7_43"},{"key":"19989_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohamed, N., Zulkifley, M., & Hussain, A. (2015). On analyzing various density functions of local binary patterns for optic disc segmentation. In 2015 IEEE Symposium on Computer Applications Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE), 37\u201341. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCAIE.2015.7298324","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAIE.2015.7298324"},{"key":"19989_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Merickel, M. B., Abramoff, M. D., Sonka, M., & Wu, X. (2007). Segmentation of the optic nerve head combining pixel classification and graph search. Proceedings of the SPIE, 6512, 651, 215\u2013651, 215\u2013651, 215\u201310. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.710588.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.710588"},{"issue":"2","key":"19989_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2003.820400","volume":"51","author":"H Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li H, Chutatape O (2004) Automated feature extraction in color retinal images by a model based approach. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 51(2):246\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2003.820400","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"19989_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu Y, Xu D, Lin S, Liu J, Cheng J, Cheung CY, Aung T, Wong TY (2011) Sliding window and regression-based cup detection in digital fundus images for glaucoma diagnosis. In: Fichtinger G, Martel AL, Peters TM (eds) MICCAI (3), springer, lecture notes in computer science, vol 6893, pp 1\u20138. https:\/\/dblp.unitrier.de\/db\/conf\/miccai\/miccai2011-3.html#XuXLLCCAW11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23626-6_1"},{"issue":"12","key":"19989_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2011.2164261","volume":"30","author":"S Lu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lu S (2011) Accurate and efficient optic disc detection and segmentation by a circular transformation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 30(12):2126\u20132133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMI.2011.2164261","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"19989_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2003.823261","volume":"23","author":"J Lowell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lowell J, Hunter A, Steel D, Basu A, Ryder R, Fletcher E et al (2004) Optic nerve head segmentation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 23(2):256\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMI.2003.823261","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"19989_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2009.11.009","volume":"40","author":"D Welfer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Welfer D, Scharcanski J, Kitamura CM, Dal Pizzol MM, Ludwig LWB, Marinho DR (2010) Segmentation of the optic disk in color eye fundus images using an adaptive morphological approach. Comput Biol Med 40(2):124\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2009.11.009","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"19989_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2013.2238244","volume":"32","author":"S Morales","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morales S, Naranjo V, Angulo J, Alca\u00f1iz M (2013) Automatic detection of optic disc based on PCA and mathematical morphology. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 32(4):786\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMI.2013.2238244","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"19989_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2010.2053042","volume":"29","author":"A Aquino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aquino A, Gegundez-Arias ME, Marin D (2010) Detecting the optic disc boundary in digital fundus images using morphological, edge detection, and feature extraction techniques. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 29(11):1860\u20131869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMI.2010.2053042","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"19989_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zheng Liu, C. Opas and S. M. Krishnan, (1997). Automatic image analysis of fundus photograph, Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 'Magnificent Milestones and Emerging Opportunities in Medical Engineering' (Cat. No.97CH36136), Chicago, IL, USA, 1997, 524\u2013525, DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IEMBS.1997.757661.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.1997.757661"},{"issue":"3","key":"19989_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(88)90057-X","volume":"21","author":"S Tamura","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tamura S, Okamoto Y, Yamashita K (1988) Zero-crossing interval correction in tracing eye-fundus blood vessels. Pattern Recogn 21(3):227\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0031-3203(88)90057-X","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"8","key":"19989_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.8.902","volume":"83","author":"C Sinthanayothin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sinthanayothin C, Boyce JF, Cook HL, Williamson TH (1999) Automated localization of the optic disc, fovea, and retinal blood vessels from digital colour fundus images. Br J Ophthalmol 83(8):902\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.83.8.902","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"19989_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Osareh, M. Mirmehdi, B. Thomas and R. Markham 2002. Comparison of colour spaces for optic disc localisation in retinal images, 2002 International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Quebec City, QC, Canada, 2002, pp. 743\u2013746 vol.1, DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPR.2002.1044865","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2002.1044865"},{"issue":"1","key":"19989_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-021-00877-5","volume":"20","author":"X Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu X, Guan Y, Li J, Ma Z, Zhang L, Li L (2021) Automatic glaucoma detection based on transfer-induced attention network. Biomed Eng Online 20(1):39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12938-021-00877-5","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"19989_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.3390\/app13042195","volume":"13","author":"C-W Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang C-W, Chang C-Y, Lin Y-Y, Su W-W, Chen HS-L (2023) A Glaucoma detection system based on generative adversarial network and incremental learning. Appl Sci 13:2195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app13042195","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"19989_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0510-3","volume":"33","author":"TW Rogers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rogers TW et al (2019) Evaluation of an AI system for the automated detection of glaucoma from stereoscopic optic disc photographs: the European optic disc assessment study. Eye 33:1791\u20131797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-019-0510-3","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"19989_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.04.021","volume":"231","author":"P Mehta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mehta P et al (2021) Automated detection of glaucoma with interpretable machine learning using clinical data and multi-modal retinal images. Am J Ophthalmol 231:154\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.04.021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"19989_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937205","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2022.937205","volume":"2","author":"AC Thompson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thompson AC, Falconi A, Sappington RM (2022) Deep learning and optical coherence tomography in glaucoma: bridging the diagnostic gap on structural imaging. Front Ophthalmol 2:937205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fopht.2022.937205","journal-title":"Front Ophthalmol"},{"key":"19989_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2022.08.005","volume":"68","author":"LJ Coan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coan LJ et al (2023) Automatic detection of glaucoma via fundus imaging and artificial intelligence: a review. Surv Ophthalmol 68:17\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2022.08.005","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"19989_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.3390\/life12070973","volume":"12","author":"S Biswas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Biswas S, Khan MIA, Hossain MT, Biswas A, Nakai T, Rohdin J (2022) Which Color Channel is better for diagnosing retinal diseases automatically in color fundus photographs. Life 12:973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12070973","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"5","key":"19989_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1109\/34.765658","volume":"21","author":"A Fitzgibbon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fitzgibbon A, Pilu M, Fisher RB (1999) Direct least square fitting of ellipses. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 21(5):476\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/34.765658","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"23","key":"19989_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8493","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/23\/8493","volume":"58","author":"CK Feudjio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Feudjio CK, Klein J, Tiedeu A, Colot O (2013) Automatic extraction of pectoral muscle in the MLO view of mammograms. Phys Med Biol 58(23):8493\u20138515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/23\/8493","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"19989_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2005.857642","volume":"52","author":"C Daul","year":"2005","unstructured":"Daul C, Graebling P, Tiedeu A, Wolf D (2005) 3-D reconstruction of microcalcification clusters using stereo imaging: algorithm and mammographic unit calibration. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 52(12):2058\u20132073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2005.857642","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"19989_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Tiedeu, Ch. Daul, P. Graebling, D. Wolf (2005). Correspondences between microcalcification projections on two mammographic views acquired with digital systems. Comput Med Imaging Graph Vol. 29, n\u00b0 7, 543\u2013553, DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2005.04.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2005.04.007"},{"key":"19989_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rehman ZU, Naqvi SS, Khan TM, Arsalan M, Khan MA, Khalil MA (2018) Multi-parametric optic disc segmentation using Superpixel based feature classification. Expert Syst Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.12.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.12.008"},{"key":"19989_CR30","unstructured":"A Tiedeu, AD Kentsop, C Daul, P Graebling, M Kom (2005). Automated detection and classification of clusters of microcalcifications in mammograms. 2005, 1st IEEE International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (SITIS), Dec. 2005, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon, pp. 15\u201320. https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:8072198"},{"key":"19989_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-020-02237-2","volume":"58","author":"F Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo F, Li W, Tang J et al (2020) Automated glaucoma screening method based on image segmentation and feature extraction. Med Biol Eng Comput 58:2567\u20132586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-020-02237-2","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"19989_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nazir T, Irtaza A, Starovoitov V (2021) Optic disc and optic cup segmentation for Glaucoma detection from blur retinal images using improved mask-RCNN. Int J Opt 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6641980","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6641980"},{"issue":"14","key":"19989_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4916","DOI":"10.3390\/app10144916","volume":"10","author":"S Sreng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sreng S, Maneerat N, Hamamoto K, Win KY (2020) Deep learning for optic disc segmentation and Glaucoma diagnosis on retinal images. Appl Sci 10(14):4916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10144916","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"19989_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01552-8","volume":"36","author":"F Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li F, Wang Y, Xu T, Dong L, Yan L, Jiang M, Zhang X, Jiang H, Wu Z, Zou H (2022) Deep learning-based automated detection for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema in retinal fundus photographs. Eye (Lond) 36(7):1433\u20131441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-021-01552-8","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-024-19989-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-024-19989-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-024-19989-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T11:23:10Z","timestamp":1751455390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-024-19989-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["19989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-024-19989-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-7721","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}