{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T11:10:32Z","timestamp":1761390632049,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB0690303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB0690303"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimed Tools Appl"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-025-20886-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T07:16:05Z","timestamp":1746515765000},"page":"43871-43900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A study of watermarking techniques for data publishing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Shuguang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaochen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiabao","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"20886_CR1","first-page":"95","volume":"7","author":"SZS Idrus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Idrus SZS, Cherrier E, Rosenberger C, Schwartzmann J-J (2013) A review on authentication methods. Australian J Basic Appl Sci 7(5):95\u2013107","journal-title":"Australian J Basic Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"20886_CR2","first-page":"45","volume":"19","author":"YA Younis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Younis YA, Kifayat K, Merabti M (2014) An access control model for cloud computing. J Inf Sec Appl 19(1):45\u201360","journal-title":"J Inf Sec Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"20886_CR3","first-page":"289","volume":"9","author":"R Bhanot","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhanot R, Hans R (2015) A review and comparative analysis of various encryption algorithms. Int J Sec Its Appl 9(4):289\u2013306","journal-title":"Int J Sec Its Appl"},{"key":"20886_CR4","unstructured":"Paganini P (2023) The BlackCat\/ALPHV ransomware gang claims to have stolen 80GB of data from the Reddit in February cyberattack. https:\/\/securityaffairs.com\/147591\/data-breach\/reddit-files-blackcat-alphv-ransomware.html"},{"key":"20886_CR5","unstructured":"Paganini P (2024) AT &T confirmed that the data breach impacted 51 million former and current customers and is notifying them. https:\/\/securityaffairs.com\/161685\/data-breach\/att-data-breach-51m-customers.html"},{"issue":"8","key":"20886_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1109\/49.464718","volume":"13","author":"JT Brassil","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brassil JT, Low S, Maxemchuk NF, O\u2019Gorman L (1995) Electronic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying. IEEE Jo Select Areas Commun 13(8):1495\u20131504","journal-title":"IEEE Jo Select Areas Commun"},{"key":"20886_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.07.040","volume":"30","author":"N Mir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mir N (2014) Copyright for web content using invisible text watermarking. Comput Hum Behav 30:648\u2013653","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"20886_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1109\/6046.923822","volume":"3","author":"P Bassia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bassia P, Pitas I, Nikolaidis N (2001) Robust audio watermarking in the time domain. IEEE Trans Multimed 3(2):232\u2013241","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Multimed"},{"key":"20886_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2016.04.005","volume":"128","author":"G Hua","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hua G, Huang J, Shi YQ, Goh J, Thing VL (2016) Twenty years of digital audio watermarking-a comprehensive review. Signal Process 128:222\u2013242","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"key":"20886_CR10","first-page":"52241","volume":"37","author":"H Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu H, Guo M, Jiang Z, Wang L, Gong N (2024) Audiomarkbench: benchmarking robustness of audio watermarking. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 37:52241\u201352265","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"20886_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2017.2712162","volume":"28","author":"M Asikuzzaman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Asikuzzaman M, Pickering MR (2017) An overview of digital video watermarking. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 28(9):2131\u20132153","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol"},{"key":"20886_CR12","unstructured":"Luo X, Li Y, Chang H, Liu C, Milanfar P, Yang F (2023) Dvmark: a deep multiscale framework for video watermarking. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"6","key":"20886_CR13","first-page":"1022","volume":"18","author":"M Xie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xie M, Wu C, Shen J, Hwang M (2016) A survey of data distortion watermarking relational databases. Int J Netw Sec 18(6):1022\u20131033","journal-title":"Int J Netw Sec"},{"key":"20886_CR14","first-page":"38","volume":"37","author":"V Khanduja","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khanduja V (2017) Database watermarking, a technological protective measure: perspective, security analysis and future directions. J Inf Sec Appl 37:38\u201349","journal-title":"J Inf Sec Appl"},{"key":"20886_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27970","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3157866","volume":"10","author":"S Rani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rani S, Halder R (2022) Comparative analysis of relational database watermarking techniques: an empirical study. IEEE Access 10:27970\u201327989","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"20886_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzo S.G, Bertini F, Montesi D, Stomeo C (2017) Text watermarking in social media. In: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE\/ACM international conference on advances in social networks analysis and mining 2017, Sydney, Australia, July 31 - August 03, 2017, pp. 208\u2013211","DOI":"10.1145\/3110025.3116203"},{"key":"20886_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8011","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2796585","volume":"6","author":"NS Kamaruddin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamaruddin NS, Kamsin A, Por LY, Rahman H (2018) A review of text watermarking: theory, methods, and applications. IEEE Access 6:8011\u20138028","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"27","key":"20886_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08881-y","volume":"79","author":"S Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar S, Singh BK, Yadav M (2020) A recent survey on multimedia and database watermarking. Multimed Tools Appl 79(27):20149\u201320197","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"20","key":"20886_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08801-0","volume":"80","author":"A Anand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anand A, Singh AK (2021) Watermarking techniques for medical data authentication: a survey. Multimed Tools Appl 80(20):30165\u201330197","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"20886_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Kiernan J (2002) Watermarking relational databases. In: Proceedings of 28th international conference on very large data bases, VLDB 2002, Hong Kong, August 20-23, 2002, pp 155\u2013166","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-155860869-6\/50022-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"20886_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-003-0097-x","volume":"12","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Haas PJ, Kiernan J (2003) Watermarking relational data: framework, algorithms and analysis. The VLDB J 12(2):157\u2013169","journal-title":"The VLDB J"},{"issue":"1","key":"20886_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11859-006-0204-0","volume":"12","author":"X Cui","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cui X, Qin X, Sheng G (2007) A weighted algorithm for watermarking relational databases. Wuhan Univ J Nat Sci 12(1):79\u201382","journal-title":"Wuhan Univ J Nat Sci"},{"key":"20886_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo F, Wang J, Li D (2006) Fingerprinting relational databases. In: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM symposium on applied computing (SAC):Dijon, France, April 23-27, 2006, pp 487\u2013492","DOI":"10.1145\/1141277.1141391"},{"key":"20886_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou X, Huang M, Peng Z (2007) An additive-attack-proof watermarking mechanism for databases\u2019 copyrights protection using image. In: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on applied computing (SAC):Seoul, Korea, March 11-15, 2007, pp 254\u2013258","DOI":"10.1145\/1244002.1244066"},{"issue":"12","key":"20886_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2008.1024.1029","volume":"4","author":"A Al-Haj","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-Haj A, Odeh A (2008) Robust and blind watermarking of relational database systems. J Comput Sci 4(12):1024","journal-title":"J Comput Sci"},{"key":"20886_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan S, Chen C, Yang K, Yang T, Yu J (2022) An attribute-attack-proof watermarking technique for relational database. In: IEEE international conference on trust, security and privacy in computing and communications, TrustCom 2022, Wuhan, China, December 9-11, 2022, pp 1136\u20131143","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom56396.2022.00156"},{"key":"20886_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang K, Yuan S, Yu J, Wang Y, Yang T, Chen C (2024) Don\u2019t abandon the primary key: a high-synchronization and robust virtual primary key scheme for watermarking relational databases. In: International conference on information and communications security, pp 289\u2013309","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-8801-9_15"},{"issue":"7","key":"20886_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2005.116","volume":"17","author":"R Sion","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sion R, Atallah MJ, Prabhakar S (2005) Rights protection for categorical data. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 17(7):912\u2013926","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"20886_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.190668","volume":"20","author":"M Shehab","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shehab M, Bertino E, Ghafoor A (2008) Watermarking relational databases using optimization-based techniques. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 20(1):116\u2013129","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"20886_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2011.223","volume":"24","author":"M Kamran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kamran M, Farooq M (2012) An information-preserving watermarking scheme for right protection of EMR systems. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 24(11):1950\u20131962","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"20886_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2012.227","volume":"25","author":"M Kamran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamran M, Suhail S, Farooq M (2013) A robust, distortion minimizing technique for watermarking relational databases using once-for-all usability constraints. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 25(12):2694\u20132707","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"20886_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2014.2349911","volume":"27","author":"S Iftikhar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iftikhar S, Kamran M, Anwar Z (2015) RRW - a robust and reversible watermarking technique for relational data. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 27(4):1132\u20131145","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"20886_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2015.2439962","volume":"10","author":"J Franco-Contreras","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franco-Contreras J, Coatrieux G (2015) Robust watermarking of relational databases with ontology-guided distortion control. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Sec 10(9):1939\u20131952","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Sec"},{"issue":"6","key":"20886_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2851517","volume":"31","author":"D Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu D, Zhao D, Zheng S (2019) A new robust approach for reversible database watermarking with distortion control. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 31(6):1024\u20131037","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"20886_CR35","first-page":"14","volume":"36","author":"Z Ren","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ren Z, Fang H, Zhang J, Ma Z, Lin R, Zhang W, Yu N (2024) A robust database watermarking scheme that preserves statistical characteristics. IEEE Trans Autom Control 36(6):14","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Autom Control"},{"key":"20886_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chai H, Yang S, Jiang ZL, Wang X (2019) A robust and reversible watermarking technique for relational dataset based on clustering. In: 18th IEEE international conference on trust, security and privacy in computing and communications \/ 13th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science and Engineering, TrustCom\/BigDataSE 2019, Rotorua, New Zealand, August 5-8, 2019, pp. 411\u2013418","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom\/BigDataSE.2019.00062"},{"issue":"7","key":"20886_CR37","first-page":"7440","volume":"35","author":"W Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li W, Li N, Yan J, Zhang Z, Yu P, Long G (2023) Secure and high-quality watermarking algorithms for relational database based on semantic. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 35(7):7440\u20137456","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"20886_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Xia H, Pang J, Liu J, Ren K, Chu L, Cao Y, Xiong L (2024) Tabularmark: watermarking tabular datasets for machine learning. In: Proceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC conference on computer and communications security, pp 3570\u20133584","DOI":"10.1145\/3658644.3690373"},{"key":"20886_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Swarup V, Jajodia S (2003) Constructing a virtual primary key for fingerprinting relational data. In: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM workshop on digital rights management 2003, Washington, DC, USA, October 27, 2003, pp 133\u2013141","DOI":"10.1145\/947380.947398"},{"issue":"22","key":"20886_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7647","DOI":"10.3390\/s21227647","volume":"21","author":"M Fatima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fatima M, Nisar MW, Rashid J, Kim J, Kamran M, Hussain A (2021) A novel fingerprinting technique for data storing and sharing through clouds. Sensors 21(22):7647","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"20886_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Guo H, Jajodia S (2004) Tamper detection and localization for categorical data using fragile watermarks. In: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on digital rights management 2004, Washington, DC, USA, October 25, 2004, pp. 73\u201382","DOI":"10.1145\/1029146.1029159"},{"issue":"10","key":"20886_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2005.06.003","volume":"176","author":"H Guo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guo H, Li Y, Liu A, Jajodia S (2006) A fragile watermarking scheme for detecting malicious modifications of database relations. Inf Sci 176(10):1350\u20131378","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"20886_CR43","first-page":"189","volume":"5","author":"A Hamadou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamadou A, Sun X, Gao L, Shah S (2011) A fragile zero-watermarking technique for authentication of relational databases. Int J Digital Content Technol its Appl 5(5):189\u2013200","journal-title":"Int J Digital Content Technol its Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"20886_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2005.12","volume":"2","author":"Y Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li Y, Swarup V, Jajodia S (2005) Fingerprinting relational databases: schemes and specialties. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2(1):34\u201345","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing"},{"key":"20886_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arun R, Praveen K, Chandra Bose D, Nath HV (2012) A distortion free relational database watermarking using patch work method. In: Proceedings of the international conference on information systems design and intelligent applications 2012 (INDIA 2012) Held in Visakhapatnam, India, January 2012, pp. 531\u2013538","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27443-5_61"},{"issue":"12","key":"20886_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1109\/97.883364","volume":"7","author":"SH Low","year":"2000","unstructured":"Low SH, Maxemchuk NF (2000) Capacity of text marking channel. IEEE Signal Process Lett 7(12):345\u2013347","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"20886_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1109\/76.974678","volume":"11","author":"D Huang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huang D, Yan H (2001) Interword distance changes represented by sine waves for watermarking text images. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 11(12):1237\u20131245","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol"},{"key":"20886_CR48","unstructured":"Kim Y-W, Moon K-A, Oh I-S (2003) A text watermarking algorithm based on word classification and inter-word space statistics. In: ICDAR, pp 775\u2013779"},{"key":"20886_CR49","unstructured":"Yang H, Kot AC (2004) Text document authentication by integrating inter character and word spaces watermarking. In: 2004 IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo (ICME)(IEEE Cat. No. 04TH8763), vol 2, pp 955\u2013958"},{"key":"20886_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1117\/12.527147","volume":"5306","author":"AM Alattar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alattar AM, Alattar OM (2004) Watermarking electronic text documents containing justified paragraphs and irregular line spacing. Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI 5306:685\u2013695","journal-title":"Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI"},{"issue":"1","key":"20886_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2005.1407718","volume":"22","author":"FA Baqai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baqai FA, Lee J-H, Agar AU, Allebach JP (2005) Digital color halftoning. IEEE Signal Process Mag 22(1):87\u201396","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag"},{"key":"20886_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang L, Guo W, Lu Y, Yang Y, Li L, Liu Z (2019) Text watermarking for ooxml format documents based on color transformation. In: 2019 IEEE international conference on intelligence and security informatics (ISI), pp 155\u2013157","DOI":"10.1109\/ISI.2019.8823497"},{"key":"20886_CR53","first-page":"61","volume":"45","author":"B Khosravi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khosravi B, Khosravi B, Khosravi B, Nazarkardeh K (2019) A new method for pdf steganography in justified texts. J Inf Sec Appl 45:61\u201370","journal-title":"J Inf Sec Appl"},{"key":"20886_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Jin Y (2022) A high-capacity text watermarking method based on geometric micro-distortion. In: 2022 26th international conference on pattern recognition (ICPR), pp 1749\u20131755","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR56361.2022.9956587"},{"key":"20886_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Branchetti S, Bertini F, Montesi D (2022) Grayscale text watermarking. In: Proceedings of the 26th international database engineered applications symposium, pp 166\u2013170","DOI":"10.1145\/3548785.3548794"},{"key":"20886_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2013.05.108","volume":"17","author":"X Rui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rui X, XiaoJun C, Jinqiao S (2013) A multiple watermarking algorithm for texts mixed chinese and english. Procedia Comput Sci 17:844\u2013851","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"20886_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64955","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2916674","volume":"7","author":"U Khadam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khadam U, Iqbal MM, Azam MA, Khalid S, Rho S, Chilamkurti N (2019) Digital watermarking technique for text document protection using data mining analysis. IEEE Access 7:64955\u201364965","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"20886_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86104","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3297263","volume":"11","author":"FN Al-Wesabi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Wesabi FN, Alrowais F, Mohamed HG, Duhayyim MA, Hilal AM, Motwakel A (2023) Heuristic optimization algorithm based watermarking on content authentication and tampering detection for english text. IEEE Access 11:86104\u201386111","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"20886_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxab087","volume":"65","author":"AM Hilal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hilal AM, Al-Wesabi FN, Abdelmaboud A, Hamza MA, Mahzari M, Hassan AQA (2021) A hybrid intelligent text watermarking and natural language processing approach for transferring and receiving an authentic english text via internet. The Comput J 65(2):423\u2013435","journal-title":"The Comput J"},{"key":"20886_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mustafa Hilal A, Al-Wesabi FN, Alamgeer M, Hamza MA, Mahzari M, Almekhlafi MA\u00a0(2022) An optimal text watermarking method for sensitive detecting of illegal tampering attacks.\u00a0Computers, Materials & Continua 70(3)","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2022.019686"},{"issue":"11","key":"20886_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.01.030","volume":"180","author":"H-J Shiu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shiu H-J, Ng K-L, Fang J-F, Lee RC, Huang C-H (2010) Data hiding methods based upon dna sequences. Inf Sci 180(11):2196\u20132208","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"20886_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.12.023","volume":"85","author":"LY Por","year":"2012","unstructured":"Por LY, Wong K, Chee KO (2012) Unispach: a text-based data hiding method using unicode space characters. J Syst Soft 85(5):1075\u20131082","journal-title":"J Syst Soft"},{"key":"20886_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang B, Yu Y, Ling H (2023) A method of generating and tracing unmarked text watermarking based on thesaurus. In: Proceedings of the 2023 7th international conference on high performance compilation, computing and communications","DOI":"10.1145\/3606043.3606065"},{"key":"20886_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munyer T, Zhong X (2023) Deeptextmark: Deep learning based text watermarking for detection of large language model generated text. arXiv:2305.05773","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3376693"},{"key":"20886_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoo K, Ahn W, Jang J, Kwak N (2023) Robust multi-bit natural language watermarking through invariant features. In: Proceedings of the 61st annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp 2092\u20132115","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.117"},{"key":"20886_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelnabi S, Fritz M (2021) Adversarial watermarking transformer: Towards tracing text provenance with data hiding. In: 2021 IEEE symposium on security and privacy (SP), pp 121\u2013140","DOI":"10.1109\/SP40001.2021.00083"},{"key":"20886_CR67","unstructured":"Zhang R, Hussain S.S, Neekhara P, Koushanfar F (2023) Remark-llm: a robust and efficient watermarking framework for generative large language models. arXiv:2310.12362"},{"key":"20886_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topkara U, Topkara M, Atallah MJ (2006) The hiding virtues of ambiguity: quantifiably resilient watermarking of natural language text through synonym substitutions. In: Proceedings of the 8th workshop on multimedia and security, pp 164\u2013174","DOI":"10.1145\/1161366.1161397"},{"key":"20886_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topkara M, Topkara U, Atallah MJ (2006) Words are not enough: sentence level natural language watermarking. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM International workshop on contents protection and security, pp 37\u201346","DOI":"10.1145\/1178766.1178777"},{"key":"20886_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzo SG, Bertini F, Montesi D (2016) Content-preserving text watermarking through unicode homoglyph substitution. In: Proceedings of the 20th international database engineering & applications symposium, pp 97\u2013104","DOI":"10.1145\/2938503.2938510"},{"key":"20886_CR71","first-page":"11613","volume":"36","author":"X Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang X, Zhang J, Chen K, Zhang W, Ma Z, Wang F, Yu N (2022) Tracing text provenance via context-aware lexical substitution. Proc AAAI Conf Artif Intell 36:11613\u201311621","journal-title":"Proc AAAI Conf Artif Intell"},{"issue":"7","key":"20886_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2007.01.029","volume":"87","author":"PVK Borges","year":"2007","unstructured":"Borges PVK, Mayer J (2007) Text luminance modulation for hardcopy watermarking. Signal Process 87(7):1754\u20131771","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"key":"20886_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borges PVK, Mayer J, Izquierdo E (2007) Performance analysis of text halftone modulation. In: 2007 IEEE international conference on image processing, vol 3, pp 285","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2007.4379302"},{"issue":"8","key":"20886_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2008.2007294","volume":"10","author":"PVK Borges","year":"2008","unstructured":"Borges PVK, Mayer J, Izquierdo E (2008) Robust and transparent color modulation for text data hiding. IEEE Trans Multimed 10(8):1479\u20131489","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Multimed"},{"key":"20886_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li D, You M, Kim J (2012) High-capacity blind binary text document watermarking scheme robust to print-and-scan operations. In: International conference on bio-science and bio-technology, pp 33\u201340","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35521-9_5"},{"issue":"1","key":"20886_CR76","first-page":"170","volume":"21","author":"L Tan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tan L, Sun X, Sun G (2012) Print-scan resilient text image watermarking based on stroke direction modulation for chinese document authentication. Radioengineering 21(1):170\u2013181","journal-title":"Radioengineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"20886_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2878541","volume":"14","author":"H Fang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fang H, Zhang W, Zhou H, Cui H, Yu N (2018) Screen-shooting resilient watermarking. IEEE Trans Inf Foren Sec 14(6):1403\u20131418","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Foren Sec"},{"issue":"12","key":"20886_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8121403","volume":"8","author":"K Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang K, Tian X, Yu H, Yu M, Yin A (2019) A high capacity watermarking technique for the printed document. Electronics 8(12):1403","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"20886_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-5771-5","volume":"78","author":"L Tan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan L, Hu K, Zhou X, Chen R, Jiang W (2019) Print-scan invariant text image watermarking for hardcopy document authentication. Multimed Tools Appl 78:13189\u201313211","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"20886_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varna AL, Rane S, Vetro A (2009) Data hiding in hard-copy text documents robust to print, scan and photocopy operations. In: 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp 1397\u20131400","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2009.4959854"},{"key":"20886_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2013.04.022","volume":"35","author":"F Daraee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daraee F, Mozaffari S (2014) Watermarking in binary document images using fractal codes. Pattern Recognit Lett 35:120\u2013129","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Lett"},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"20886_CR82","first-page":"191","volume":"25","author":"M Taleby Ahvanooey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taleby Ahvanooey M, Dana Mazraeh H, Tabasi SH (2016) An innovative technique for web text watermarking (aitw). Inform Secur J: Glob Perspect 25(4\u20136):191\u2013196","journal-title":"Inform Secur J: Glob Perspect"},{"key":"20886_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65981","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2866063","volume":"6","author":"MT Ahvanooey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahvanooey MT, Li Q, Hou J, Mazraeh HD, Zhang J (2018) Aitsteg: an innovative text steganography technique for hidden transmission of text message via social media. IEEE Access 6:65981\u201365995","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"20886_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bashir HM, Li Q, Hou J (2020) A high capacity text steganography utilizing unicode zero-width characters. In: 2020 International conferences on internet of things (iThings) and IEEE green computing and communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData) and IEEE Congress on Cybermatics (Cybermatics):pp. 668\u2013675","DOI":"10.1109\/iThings-GreenCom-CPSCom-SmartData-Cybermatics50389.2020.00116"},{"key":"20886_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2019.101702","volume":"90","author":"MT Ahvanooey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahvanooey MT, Li Q, Zhu X, Alazab M, Zhang J (2020) Anitw: a novel intelligent text watermarking technique for forensic identification of spurious information on social media. Comput & Sec 90:101702","journal-title":"Comput & Sec"},{"key":"20886_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24257","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3254586","volume":"11","author":"NB Rofiatunnajah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rofiatunnajah NB, Barmawi AM (2023) Improving anitw performance using bigrams character encoding and identity-based signature. IEEE Access 11:24257\u201324280","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"20886_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiu H-J, Lin B-S, Lin B-S, Huang P-Y, Huang C-H, Lei C-L (2018) Data hiding on social media communications using text steganography. In: Risks and Security of internet and systems: 12th International Conference, CRiSIS 2017, Dinard, France, September 19-21, 2017, Revised Selected Papers 12, pp 217\u2013224","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76687-4_15"},{"issue":"3","key":"20886_CR88","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"SA Patiburn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patiburn SA, Iranmanesh V, Teh PL (2017) Text steganography using daily emotions monitoring. Int J Educ Manag Eng 7(3):1","journal-title":"Int J Educ Manag Eng"},{"key":"20886_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13635-019-0084-4","volume":"2019","author":"SG Rizzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rizzo SG, Bertini F, Montesi D (2019) Fine-grain watermarking for intellectual property protection. EURASIP J Inf Sec 2019:1\u201320","journal-title":"EURASIP J Inf Sec"},{"key":"20886_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertini F, Rizzo SG, Montesi D (2019) Can information hiding in social media posts represent a threat?. Computer 52(10):52\u201360","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2019.2917199"},{"key":"20886_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahoo S, Roshan R, Singh V, Halder R (2020) Bdmark: a blockchain-driven approach to big data watermarking. In: Intelligent information and database systems: 12th Asian Conference, ACIIDS 2020, Phuket, Thailand, March 23\u201326, 2020, Proceedings 12, pp 71\u201384","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3380-8_7"},{"key":"20886_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10687","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-19325-2","volume":"84","author":"Z Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu Z, Wei J, Li C, Zhai J, Tong D (2024) Robust copyright tracing and trusted transactions using zero-watermarking and blockchain. Multimed Tools Appl 84:10687\u201310724","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Tools and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-025-20886-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11042-025-20886-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11042-025-20886-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T11:03:56Z","timestamp":1761390236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11042-025-20886-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["20886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-025-20886-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7721"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7721"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}