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In particular, we consider that an environment can assign\n                    <jats:italic>valences<\/jats:italic>\n                    to entities, be they used as reactants or inhibitors in a reaction, as well as\n                    <jats:italic>select<\/jats:italic>\n                    the entities which can appear in the successor state as product of a reaction. This provides a framework for\n                    <jats:italic>immersing<\/jats:italic>\n                    reaction system specifications into different contexts. We also derive a notion of\n                    <jats:italic>polarised reaction systems<\/jats:italic>\n                    , where entities can appear only as reactants or inhibitors in any given reaction. We compare the expressive power of the models, also showing some equivalences between them, and test them on three case studies derived from physiology, ecology, and chemistry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-026-10074-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:11:30Z","timestamp":1782475890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immersing reaction system specifications in evaluating environments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bottoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Labella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Mitrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ion","family":"Petre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10074_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-025-10037-6","author":"A Alhazov","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alhazov A, Freund R, Ivanov S, Verlan S (2025) The busy beaver game for reaction systems. 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