{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:13:07Z","timestamp":1778602387679,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,4]],"date-time":"2007-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1194134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Process Lett"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-007-9058-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,3]],"date-time":"2007-11-03T02:06:55Z","timestamp":1194055615000},"page":"43-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparing Combination Rules of Pairwise Neural Networks Classifiers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Olivier","family":"L\u00e9zoray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Cardot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"9058_CR1","first-page":"113","volume":"1","author":"E Allwein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Allwein E, Schapire R and Singer Y (2000). Reducing multiclass to binary: a unifying approach for margin classifiers. J Mach Learn Rese 1(2): 113\u2013141","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Rese"},{"key":"9058_CR2","first-page":"324","volume":"39","author":"RA Bradley","year":"1952","unstructured":"Bradley RA and Terry ME (1952). The rank analysis of incomplete block designs: I. The method of paired comparisons. Biometrika 39: 324\u2013345","journal-title":"The method of paired comparisons. Biometrika"},{"key":"9058_CR3","volume-title":"Constructive learning techniques for designing neural network systems","author":"C Campbell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Campbell C (1997). Constructive learning techniques for designing neural network systems. Academic Press, San Diego"},{"key":"9058_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardot H, Lezoray O (2002) Graph of neural networks for pattern recognition. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) vol 2. pp. 124\u2013127.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2002.1048441"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9058_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013637720281","volume":"47","author":"K Crammer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Crammer K and Singer Y (2002). On the learnability and design of output codes for multiclass problems. Mach Learn 47(2\u20133): 201\u2013233","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"9058_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.105","volume":"2","author":"T Dietterich","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dietterich T and Bakiri G (1995). Solving Multiclass learning problems via error-coorecting output codes. J Artif Intelli Res 2: 263\u2013286","journal-title":"J Artif Intelli Res"},{"key":"9058_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.4.349","volume":"17","author":"C Ding","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ding C and Dubchak I (2001). Multiclass protein fold recognition using support vector machines and neural networks. Bioinformatics 17: 349\u2013358","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"9058_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan K, Keerthi S (2005) Which is the best Multiclass SVM method? An empirical study. In: International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems. pp 278\u2013285","DOI":"10.1007\/11494683_28"},{"key":"9058_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frank E, Kramer S (2004) Ensembles of nested dichotomies for multi-class problems. In: ICML. pp 305\u2013312","DOI":"10.1145\/1015330.1015363"},{"key":"9058_CR10","unstructured":"Friedman J (1996) Another approach to polychotomous classification. Technical report, Department of Statistics, Stanford University"},{"key":"9058_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furnkranz J. (2002) Pairwise classification as an ensemble technique. In: European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML). pp 97\u2013110","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36755-1_9"},{"key":"9058_CR12","first-page":"721","volume":"2","author":"J Furnkranz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Furnkranz J (2002). Round Robin Classification. J Mach Learn Res 2: 721\u2013747","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9058_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1028144844","volume":"26","author":"T Hastie","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hastie T and Tibshirani R (1998). Classification by pairwise coupling. Ann Stat 26(2): 451\u2013471","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"9058_CR14","unstructured":"Hettich S, Blake C, Merz C (1998) UCI repository of machine learning databases. Technical report, University of California, Irvine, Department of Information and Computer Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"9058_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1109\/72.991427","volume":"13","author":"C-W Hsu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hsu C-W and Lin C-J (2002). A comparison of methods for multi-class support vector machines. IEEE Transa Neural Netw 13(2): 415\u2013425","journal-title":"IEEE Transa Neural Netw"},{"key":"9058_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ie E, Weston J, Noble W, Leslie C (2005) Multi-class protein fold recognition using adaptive codes. In: International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML). pp 329\u2013336","DOI":"10.1145\/1102351.1102393"},{"key":"9058_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klautau A, Jevti\u0107 N, Orlitsky A (2002) Combined binary classifiers with applications to speech recognition. In: International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP). pp 2469\u20132472","DOI":"10.21437\/ICSLP.2002-643"},{"key":"9058_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"A Klautau","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klautau A, Jevti\u0107 N and Orlitsky A (2003). On nearest neighbor error-correcting output codes with application to all-pairs multiclass support vector machnies. J Mach Learn Rese 4: 1\u201315","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Rese"},{"issue":"6","key":"9058_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1109\/72.165597","volume":"3","author":"S Knerr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Knerr S, Personnaz L and Dreyfus G (1992). Handwritten digit recognition by neural networks with single-layer training. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 3(6): 962\u2013968","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"9058_CR20","unstructured":"Ko J, Kim E, Byun H (2004) Improved N-division output coding for multiclass learning problems. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), vol. 3. pp 470\u2013 473"},{"key":"9058_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kressel U (1999) Advances in Kernel methods, support vector learning, Chapt. Pairwise classification and support vector machines. MIT Press","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1130.003.0020"},{"issue":"3","key":"9058_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1109\/72.572102","volume":"8","author":"T-Y Kwok","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kwok T-Y and Yeung D-Y (1997). Constructive algorithms for structure learning in feedforward neural networks for regression problems. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 8(3): 630\u2013645","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"9058_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065701000485","volume":"11","author":"O Lezoray","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lezoray O and Cardot H (2001). A neural network architecture for data classification. Int J Neural Syst 11(1): 33\u201342","journal-title":"Int J Neural Syst"},{"key":"9058_CR24","unstructured":"Lezoray O, Cardot H (2005) Combining multiple pairwise neural networks classifiers: a comparative study. In: International Workshop on Artificial Neural Networks and Intelligent Information Processing (ANNIIP). pp 52\u201361"},{"key":"9058_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-002-0120-z","volume":"14","author":"O Lezoray","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lezoray O, Elmoataz A and Cardot H (2003). A color object recognition scheme: application to cellular sorting. Mach Vis Appl 14: 166\u2013171","journal-title":"Mach Vis Appl"},{"issue":"57","key":"9058_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2003.10.010","volume":"C","author":"O Lezoray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lezoray O, Fournier D and Cardot H (2004). Neural network induction graph for pattern recognition. Neurocomputing C(57): 257\u2013274","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"5","key":"9058_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1109\/72.788664","volume":"10","author":"B-L Lu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lu B-L and Ito M (1999). Task decomposition and module combination based on class relations: a modular neural network for pattern classification. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 10(5): 1244\u20131256","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"9058_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masulli F, Valentini G (2000) Comparing decomposition methods for classification. In: International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems and Allied Technologies, vol 2. pp 788\u2013792","DOI":"10.1109\/KES.2000.884164"},{"key":"9058_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayoraz E, Alpaydin E (1999) Support vector machines for multi-class classification. In: International Work conference on Artificial Neural Networks, vol 2. pp 833\u2013842","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0100551"},{"key":"9058_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreira M, Mayoraz E (1998) Improved pairwise coupling classification with correcting classifiers. In: European Conference on Machine Learning (ECML). pp 160\u2013171","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0026686"},{"key":"9058_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ou G, Murphey Y, Feldkamp A (2004) Multiclass pattern classification using neural networks. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) vol. 4. pp 585\u2013588","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1333840"},{"key":"9058_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phetkaew T, Kijsirikul B, Rivepiboon W (2003) Reordering adaptive directed acyclic graphs: an improved algorithm for multiclass support vector machines. In: International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), vol 2. pp 1605\u20131610","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2003.1223939"},{"key":"9058_CR33","unstructured":"Platt J, Cristianini N, Shawe-Taylor J (2000) Large margin DAGs for multiclass classification. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), vol 12. pp 547\u2013553"},{"key":"9058_CR34","unstructured":"Price D, Knerr S, Personnaz L (1995) Pairwise neural network classifiers with propabilistic outputs. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), vol 7. pp 1109\u2013116"},{"key":"9058_CR35","volume-title":"C4.5: programs for machine learning","author":"J Quinlan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Quinlan J (1993). C4.5: programs for machine learning. Morgann Kauffman, San Mateo"},{"key":"9058_CR36","first-page":"101","volume":"5","author":"R Rifkin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rifkin R and Klautau A (2004). In defense of one-vs-all classification. J Mach Learn Rese 5: 101\u2013141","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Rese"},{"key":"9058_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savicky P, Furnkranz J (2003) Combining pairwise classifiers with stacking. In: Intellignent Data Analysis (IDA). pp 219\u2013229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45231-7_21"},{"key":"9058_CR38","unstructured":"Takahashi F, Abe S (2003) Optimizing directed acyclic graph support vector machines. In: Artificial Neural Networks in Pattern Recognition (ANNPR). pp 166\u2013173"},{"key":"9058_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tax D, Duin R (2002) Using two-class classifiers for multiclass classification. In: International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), vol 2. pp 124\u2013127","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2002.1048253"},{"key":"9058_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vural V, Dy JG (2004) A hierarchical method for multi-class support vector machines. In: International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML). p 105","DOI":"10.1145\/1015330.1015427"},{"issue":"2","key":"9058_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(05)80023-1","volume":"5","author":"D Wolpert","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wolpert D (1992). Stacked generalization. Neural Netw 5(2): 241\u2013260","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"issue":"6","key":"9058_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2004.11","volume":"16","author":"Z-H Zhou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhou Z-H and Jiang Y (2003). NeC.45: neural ensemble based C.45. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 16(6): 770\u2013773","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"}],"container-title":["Neural Processing Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11063-007-9058-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11063-007-9058-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11063-007-9058-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]],"date-time":"2023-05-14T16:05:20Z","timestamp":1684080320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11063-007-9058-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["9058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11063-007-9058-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1370-4621","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-773X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,4]]}}}