{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T04:12:06Z","timestamp":1749010326671,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photon Netw Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11107-016-0636-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T13:00:43Z","timestamp":1463576443000},"page":"231-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Error performance of optically preamplified hybrid BPSK-PPM systems with transmitter and receiver imperfections"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Taha","family":"Landolsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aly F.","family":"Elrefaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6234-1906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaa","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed S.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"636_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1109\/68.285569","volume":"6","author":"A Phillips","year":"1994","unstructured":"Phillips, A., Cryan, R., Senior, J.: Performance evaluation of optically preamplified PPM systems. Photon. Technol. Lett. IEEE 6(5), 651\u2013653 (1994)","journal-title":"Photon. Technol. Lett. IEEE"},{"issue":"2","key":"636_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-opt:19960180","volume":"143","author":"A Phillips","year":"1996","unstructured":"Phillips, A., Cryan, R., Senior, J.: Optically preamplified pulse-position modulation for fibre-optic communication systems. Optoelectron. IEE Proc. 143(2), 153\u2013159 (1996)","journal-title":"Optoelectron. IEE Proc."},{"issue":"9","key":"636_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2005.855009","volume":"53","author":"K Kiasaleh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiasaleh, K.: Performance of APD-based, PPM free-space optical communication systems in atmospheric turbulence. IEEE Trans. Commun. 53(9), 1455\u20131461 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"636_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caplan, D., Robinson, B., Murphy, R., Stevens, M.: Demonstration of 2.5 Gslots\/s optically-preamplified M-PPM with 4 photons\/bit receiver sensitivity. In: Proceedings of the 2005 OFC\/NFOEC, pp. 1\u20133. (2005)","DOI":"10.1109\/OFC.2005.193210"},{"issue":"5","key":"636_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10297-006-0079-z","volume":"4","author":"D Caplan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Caplan, D.: Laser communication transmitter and receiver design. J. Opt. Fiber Commun. Rep. 4(5), 225\u2013362 (2007)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Fiber Commun. Rep."},{"key":"636_CR6","unstructured":"Edwards, B.L., Israel, D., Wilson, K., Moores, J.D., Fletcher, A.S.: The laser communications relay demonstration. In: The 2012 International Conference on Space Optical Systems and Applications (ICSOS), pp. 1\u20139. (2012)"},{"key":"636_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandrasekhar, S., Liu, X., Wood, T.H., Tkach, R.W.: High sensitivity modulation formats. In: Proceedings of the 2012 OFC\/NFOEC, pp. 1\u20133. (2012)","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2012.OW3H.6"},{"key":"636_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2014.04.004","volume":"20","author":"T Landolsi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Landolsi, T., Elrefaie, A.: Error performance of preamplified optical PPM systems with finite extinction ratios. J. Opt. Fiber Technol. 20, 365\u2013368 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Fiber Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"636_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3644","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2014.2359214","volume":"62","author":"T Landolsi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Landolsi, T., Elrefaie, A.: Performance evaluation of optically preamplified PPM systems with dual-polarized ASE noise and finite extinction ratios. IEEE Trans. Commun. 62(10), 3644\u20133651 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"636_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2005.863251","volume":"24","author":"M Seimetz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seimetz, M., Weinert, C.M.: Options, feasibility, and availability of $$2\\times 4$$ 2 \u00d7 4 $$90^{\\circ }$$ 90 \u2218 hybrids for coherent optical systems. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 24(3), 1317\u20131322 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Lightwave Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"636_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2011.2172915","volume":"30","author":"X Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu, X., Wood, T., Tkach, R., Chandrasekhar, S.: Demonstration of record sensitivities in optically preamplified receivers by combining PDM-QPSK and M-ary pulse-position modulation. J. Lightwave Technol. 30(4), 406\u2013413 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"636_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2015.07.011","volume":"25","author":"T Landolsi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Landolsi, T., Hassan, M.S., Elrefaie, A.F., Hamid, S.: Performance evaluation of optically-preamplified hybrid QPSK M-ary PPM systems with finite extinction ratios. J. Opt. Fiber Technol. 25, 33\u201338 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Fiber Technol."},{"key":"636_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, M., et\u00a0al.: Nyquist-mPPM-QPSK modulation for power and spectrum efficient optical communications. In: 2016 Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC), pp. 1\u20133. (2016)","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2016.W3D.6"},{"issue":"6","key":"636_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2003.811149","volume":"15","author":"M Pauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pauer, M., Winzer, P.: Impact of extinction ratio on return-to-zero coding gain in optical noise limited receivers. Photon. Technol. Lett. IEEE 15(6), 879\u2013881 (2003)","journal-title":"Photon. Technol. Lett. IEEE"},{"key":"636_CR15","unstructured":"Wei, H., Elrefaie, A.F., Xue, X., Wang, S.Y.: Generation of Optical Signals with Return-to-Zero Format. US Patent 2002\/0196508 A1 (2002)"},{"key":"636_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamid, S., Hassan, M., Elrefaie, A.: Performance of optically-preamplified PDM-BPSK M-ary PPM and PDM-QPSK-M-ary PPM systems with finite extinction ratio. In: 2015 IEEE 8th GCC Conference and Exhibition (GCCCE), pp. 1\u20136. (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEEGCC.2015.7060052"},{"issue":"2","key":"636_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.1986.1074698","volume":"4","author":"LG Kazovsky","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kazovsky, L.G.: Balanced phase-locked loops for optical homodyne receivers: performance analysis, design considerations, and laser linewidth requirements. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 4(2), 182\u2013195 (1986)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Lightwave Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"636_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1109\/50.124497","volume":"10","author":"S Norimatsu","year":"1992","unstructured":"Norimatsu, S., Iwashita, K.: Linewidth requirements for optical synchronous detection systems with nonnegligible loop delay time. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 10(3), 341\u2013349 (1992)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"636_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geisler, D.J., et\u00a0al.: Demonstration of 2.1 photon-per-bit sensitivity for BPSK at 9.94-Gb\/s with rate-1\/2 FEC. In: Proceedings of the 2013 OFC\/NFOEC, pp. 1\u20133. (2013)","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2013.OM2C.6"},{"issue":"11","key":"636_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2010.2048198","volume":"28","author":"S Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Kam, P., Yu, C., Chen, J.: Decision-aided carrier phase estimation for coherent optical communications. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 28(11), 1597\u20131607 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"636_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prabhu, V.K.: PSK performance with imperfect carrier phase recovery. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. AES\u201312(2), 275\u2013286 (1976)","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1976.308305"},{"key":"636_CR22","unstructured":"Hamid, S.: Performance Evaluation of Optically Preamplified M-ary PPM Systems for Free-Space Optical Communications. Master\u2019s thesis, American University of Sharjah (2012)"},{"issue":"7","key":"636_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1109\/50.29634","volume":"7","author":"NA Olsson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Olsson, N.A.: Lightwave systems with optical amplifiers. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 7(7), 1071\u20131082 (1989)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"636_CR24","unstructured":"Ramaswami, R., Sivarajan, K., Sasaki, G.: Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, chap. 4, 3rd edn. Morgan Kaufmann (2009)"},{"key":"636_CR25","volume-title":"Phase-Modulated Optical Communication Systems","author":"KP Ho","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ho, K.P.: Phase-Modulated Optical Communication Systems, 1st edn. Springer, New York (2005)","edition":"1"},{"key":"636_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeruchim, M.C., Balaban, P., Shanmugan, K.S.: Simulation of Communication Systems: Modeling, Methodology and Techniques, chap. 5, 2nd edn. Springer (2000)","DOI":"10.1007\/b117713"},{"issue":"6","key":"636_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1109\/MCD.2006.307281","volume":"22","author":"A Tychopoulos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tychopoulos, A., Koufopavlou, O., Tomkos, I.: FEC in optical communications\u2013a tutorial overview on the evolution of architectures and the future prospects of outband and inband FEC for optical communications. IEEE Circuits Devices Mag. 22(6), 79\u201386 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE Circuits Devices Mag."}],"container-title":["Photonic Network Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11107-016-0636-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11107-016-0636-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11107-016-0636-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11107-016-0636-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T15:11:31Z","timestamp":1748963491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11107-016-0636-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11107-016-0636-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-974X","1572-8188"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1387-974X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-8188"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]]}}}