{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:36:58Z","timestamp":1777387018281,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photon Netw Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11107-018-0763-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T03:05:17Z","timestamp":1521428717000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Performance analysis of WDM-FSO system under adverse weather conditions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4113-5484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehtab","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"763_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2329501","volume":"16","author":"MA Khalighi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khalighi, M.A., Uysal, M.: Survey on free space optical communication: a communication theory perspective. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 16(4), 2231\u20132258 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"763_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahdy, A., Deogun, J.S.: Wireless optical communications: a survey. In: Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, vol. 4, pp. 2399\u20132404 (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2004.1311464"},{"issue":"7","key":"763_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19990377","volume":"35","author":"G Nykolak","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nykolak, G., Szajowski, P.F., Tourgee, G., Presby, H.: 2.5 Gbit\/s free space optical link over 4.4 km. Electron. Lett. 35(7), 578\u2013579 (1999)","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"763_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Gailani, S.A., Mohammad, A.B., Shaddad, R.Q.: Evaluation of a 1 Gb\/s free space optic system in typical Malaysian weather. In: Proceedings of IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics, pp. 121\u2013124 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICP.2012.6379839"},{"issue":"1","key":"763_CR5","first-page":"46","volume":"4","author":"A Ramezani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramezani, A., Noroozi, M.R., Aghababaee, M.: Analyzing free space optical communication performance. Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol. 4(1), 46\u201351 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol."},{"issue":"20","key":"763_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.02.014","volume":"124","author":"J Singh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh, J., Kumar, N.: Performance analysis of different modulation format on free space optical communication system. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124(20), 4651\u20134654 (2013)","journal-title":"Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt."},{"issue":"6","key":"763_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1364\/JON.2.000178","volume":"2","author":"S Bloom","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bloom, S., Korevaar, E., Schuster, J., Willebrand, H.: Understanding the performance of free space optics. J. Opt. Netw. 2(6), 178\u2013200 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Netw."},{"key":"763_CR8","first-page":"321","volume-title":"Rate-Adaptive Free-Space Optical Links over Atmospheric Turbulence and Misalignment Fading Channels","author":"A Garc\u00eda-Zambrana","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Zambrana, A., Castillo-V\u00e1zquez, C., Castillo-V\u00e1zquez, B.: Rate-Adaptive Free-Space Optical Links over Atmospheric Turbulence and Misalignment Fading Channels, pp. 321\u2013340. Intech Open Science, London (2012). (Book Chapter 13)"},{"key":"763_CR9","unstructured":"Matsumoto, M.: Next generation free-space optical system by system design optimization and performance enhancement. In: Proceedings of Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, pp. 501\u2013506 (2012)"},{"key":"763_CR10","unstructured":"ITU-T Recommendation G 694.2, Spectral Grids for WDM Applications: CWDM Wavelength Grid. https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-G.694.2\/en (2003)"},{"key":"763_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vigneshwaran, S., Muthumani, I., Sivananantha, R.: Investigations on free space optics communication system. In: IEEE International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded System (ICICES-2013), 21\u201322, Chennai, India, pp. 819\u2013824 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICES.2013.6508300"},{"issue":"8","key":"763_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.11.008","volume":"125","author":"N Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar, N.: Enhanced performance analysis of inter-satellite optical-wireless communication (IsOWC) system. Optik 125(8), 1045\u2013949 (2014)","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"6","key":"763_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.5.000641","volume":"5","author":"AO Aladeloba","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aladeloba, A.O., Woolfson, M.S., Phillips, A.J.: WDM FSO network with turbulence attenuated interchannel crosstalk. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 5(6), 641\u2013651 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"763_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, M.: Mitigating the effects of fog attenuation in FSO communication link using multiple transceivers and EDFA. J. Opt. Commun. ISSN (Online) 2191-6322, ISSN (Print) 0173-4911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2016-0061 (2016)","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2016-0061"},{"key":"763_CR15","unstructured":"Al-Gailani, S.A., Mohammad, A.B., Shaddad, R.Q.: Scalable Hybri WDM\/multi-beam free space optical network in tropical weather. In: 1st International Conference Recent Trends in Information and Communication Technologies, pp. 12\u201320. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johar, Malaysia (2014)"},{"key":"763_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, M.: Simulative investigation on the effect of different parameters on the performance of IsOWC link. J. Opt. Commun. ISSN (Online) 2191-6322, ISSN (Print) 0173-4911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2016-0058 (2016)","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2016-0058"},{"key":"763_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, M.: Modelling and performance analysis of 10 Gbps inter-satellite optical wireless communication link. J. Opt. Commun. ISSN (Online) 2191-6322, ISSN (Print) 0173-4911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2016-0092 (2016)","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2016-0092"},{"issue":"1","key":"763_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2012.145.148","volume":"8","author":"S Hitam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hitam, S., Suhaimi, S.N., Noor, A.S.M., Anas, S.B.A., Sahbudin, R.K.Z.: Performance analysis on 16-channels wavelength division multiplexing in free space optical communication under tropical regions environment. J. Comput. Sci. 8(1), 145\u2013148 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"763_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2012.11.059","volume":"124","author":"HA Fadhil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fadhil, H.A., Amphawan, A., Shamsuddin, H.A.B., Abd, T.H., Al - Khafaji, H.M.R., Aljunid, S.A., Ahamed, N.: Optimization of free space optics parameters: an optimum solution for bad weather conditions. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124(19), 3969\u20133973 (2013)","journal-title":"Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt."},{"key":"763_CR20","unstructured":"Singh, M.: Impact of various parameters on the performance of inter-aircraft optical wireless communication link. J. Opt. Commun. ISSN (Online) 2191-6322, ISSN (Print) 0173-4911"},{"key":"763_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, M.: Simulative analysis of an inter-aircraft optical wireless communication system using amplifier. J. Opt. Commun. ISSN (Online) 2191-6322, ISSN (Print) 0173-4911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2016-0022 (2016)","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2016-0022"},{"key":"763_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, M: Evaluation of FSO link using array of photodetectors, journal of optical communications. ISSN (Online) 2191-6322, ISSN (Print) 0173-4911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2016-0026 (2016)","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2016-0026"},{"issue":"12","key":"763_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2006.884561","volume":"24","author":"M Abtahi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abtahi, M., Lemieux, P., Mathlouthi, W., Rusch, L.A.: Suppression of turbulence-induced scintillation in free-space optical communication systems using saturated optical amplifiers. J. Lightwave Technol. 24(12), 4966\u20134973 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"763_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.22.000708","volume":"22","author":"S Arnon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arnon, S.: Performance of a laser $$\\upmu $$ \u03bc satellite network with an optical preamplifier. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22(4), 708\u2013715 (2005)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"763_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-017-4375-0","volume":"95","author":"M Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh, M.: Enhanced performance analysis of inter-aircraft optical wireless communication link (IaOWC) usinf EDFA pre-amplifier. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 95(1), 1\u201311 (2017). Springer","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"763_CR26","unstructured":"Khalighi, M.A., Aitamer, N., Schwartz, N., Bourennane, S.: Turbulence mitigation by aperture averaging in wireless optical systems. In: IEEE 10th International Conference on Telecommunications, 8th\u201310th, Zagreb, Croatia (2009)"},{"issue":"9","key":"763_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-013-9845-3","volume":"46","author":"P Kaur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaur, P., Jain, V.K., Kar, S.: Effect of atmospheric conditions and aperture averaging on capacity of free space optical links. Opt. Quant. Electron. 46(9), 1139\u20131148 (2014)","journal-title":"Opt. Quant. Electron."},{"issue":"8","key":"763_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2014.0926","volume":"9","author":"P Kaur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaur, P., Jain, V.K., Kar, S.: Performance analysis of free space optical links using multi-input multi-output and aperture averaging in presence of turbulence and various weather conditions. IET Commun. 9(8), 1104\u20131109 (2015). 5 21","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"key":"763_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.07.020","volume":"125","author":"N Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar, N., Rana, D.R.: Enahnced performance analysis of inter-aircraft optical wireless communication (IaOWC) system. Optik 125, 486\u2013488 (2014). Elsevier","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"763_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2012.08.055","volume":"286","author":"V Sharma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharma, V., Kumar, N.: Improved analysis of 2.5 Gbps inter-satellite link (ISL) in inter-satellite optical-wireless communication (IsOWC) system. Opt. Commun. 286, 96\u2013102 (2013). Elsevier","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"763_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.10.037","volume":"125","author":"N Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar, N., Sharma, A.K., Kapoor, V.: Enahnced performance of 10 Gb\/s optical ODFM-RoF transmission links. Optik 125, 1864\u20131867 (2014). Elsevier","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"763_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.07.090","volume":"125","author":"V Sharma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharma, V., Kaur, A.: Moeling and simulation of long reach high speed inter-satellite link (ISL). Optik 125, 883\u2013886 (2014). Elsevier","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"3","key":"763_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2008.2010061","volume":"27","author":"J Armstrong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Armstrong, J.: OFDM for optical communications. J. Lightwave Technol. 27(3), 189\u2013204 (2009)","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"763_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2013.04.100","volume":"124","author":"V Sharma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharma, V., Kaur, G.: High speed long reach OFDM-FSO transmission link incorporating OSSB ans OTSB schemes. Optik 124, 6111\u20136114 (2014)","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"8","key":"763_CR35","first-page":"37","volume":"58","author":"V Sharma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharma, V., Chaudhary, S.: Implementation of hybrid OFDM-FSO transmission systems. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 58(8), 37\u201340 (2012)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"763_CR36","series-title":"Frequenz","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Performance Analysis of Hybrid WDM-FSO System Under Various Weather Conditions","author":"S Robinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robinson, S., Jasmine, S.: Performance Analysis of Hybrid WDM-FSO System Under Various Weather Conditions. Frequenz, pp. 1\u20139. DeGruyter, Berlin (2016)"},{"key":"763_CR37","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Long Range Cost Effective WDM-FSO System Using Hybrid Optical Amplifiers, Wireless Personal Communications","author":"N Dayal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dayal, N., Singh, P., Kaur, P.: Long Range Cost Effective WDM-FSO System Using Hybrid Optical Amplifiers, Wireless Personal Communications, pp. 1\u201313. Springer, Berlin (2017)"},{"key":"763_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-017-4720-3","volume":"97","author":"P Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh, P., Kaur, P., Grover, M., Madhu, C.: Multibeam WDM-FSO system: an optimum solution for clear and hazy weather conditions. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 97, 1\u201313 (2017)","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"763_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2012.145.148","volume":"8","author":"S Hitam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hitam, S., Suhaimi, S.N., Noor, A.S.M., Sahbudin, S.B.A.A., Zakiah, R.K.: Performance analysis on 16-channels wavelength division multiplexing in free space optical transmission under tropical regions environment. J. Comput. Sci. 8(1), 145 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"763_CR40","first-page":"376","volume":"5","author":"R Shaddad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shaddad, R., Mohammad, A.B., Al-Hetar, A.: Performance evaluation for optical backhaul and wireless front-end in hybrid opticalwireles access network. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. Rapid Commun. 5(3\u20134), 376\u2013380 (2011)","journal-title":"Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. Rapid Commun."},{"issue":"19","key":"763_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2012.11.059","volume":"124","author":"HA Fadhil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fadhil, H.A., Amphawan, A., Shamsuddin, H.A., Hussein Abd, T., Al-Khafaji, H.M., Aljunid, S., Ahmed, N.: Optimization of free space optics parameters: an optimum solution for bad weather conditions. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124(19), 3969\u20133973 (2013)","journal-title":"Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt."},{"key":"763_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1515\/JOC.2011.043","volume":"32","author":"N Kumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kumar, N., Sharma, A.K., Kapoor, V.: Performance evaluation of free space optics communication system in the presence of forward error correction techniques. J. Opt. Commun. 32, 243\u2013245 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"763_CR43","first-page":"486","volume":"125","author":"DR Rana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rana, D.R., Kumar, N.: Enhanced performance analysis of inter-aircraft optical-wireless communication (IaOWC). System 125(1), 486\u2013488 (2014)","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"763_CR44","first-page":"1125","volume":"4","author":"N Sahu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sahu, N., Prajapti, J.C.: Optimization of WDM-FSO link using multiple beams under different rain condition. Int. J. Adv. Res. Electron. Commun. Eng. 4, 1125\u20131131 (2015)","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. Electron. Commun. Eng."},{"key":"763_CR45","first-page":"84","volume":"530","author":"E Korevaar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Korevaar, E.: Availability of free space optics (FSO) and hybrid FSO\/RF systems. Proc. SPIE Opt. Wireless Commun. IV. 530, 84\u201395 (2001)","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE Opt. Wireless Commun. IV."},{"issue":"6","key":"763_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1364\/JON.2.000178","volume":"2","author":"S Bloom","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bloom, S., Korevaar, E.: Understanding the performance of free space optics. J. Opt. Netw. 2(6), 178\u2013200 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Netw."},{"issue":"31","key":"763_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5736","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.47.005736","volume":"47","author":"M Akiba","year":"2008","unstructured":"Akiba, M., Ogawa, K., Walkamori, K., Kodate, K., Ito, S.: Measurements and simulation of the effect of snow fall on free space optical propagation. Appl. Opt. 47(31), 5736\u20135743 (2008)","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."}],"container-title":["Photonic Network Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11107-018-0763-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11107-018-0763-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11107-018-0763-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]],"date-time":"2019-10-12T23:22:37Z","timestamp":1570922557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11107-018-0763-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11107-018-0763-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-974X","1572-8188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-974X","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}