{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:15:39Z","timestamp":1775888139195,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photon Netw Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11107-020-00913-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T08:06:56Z","timestamp":1602576416000},"page":"36-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Modeling and minimization of FWM effects in DWDM-based long-haul optical communication systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5400-9831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farman","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fazal","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousaf","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Usman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"913_CR1","volume-title":"Optical Fiber Communications, Principals and Practice","author":"JM Senior","year":"2008","unstructured":"Senior, J.M.: Optical Fiber Communications, Principals and Practice, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, London (2008)","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"913_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2019.07.004","volume":"452","author":"H Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Jin, L., Zhang, H., Xu, Y., Shi, L., Wang, T., Chen, H., Wang, D., Ohuima, X.: All-fiber nonlinear optical switch based on polarization controller coiled SMF\u2013GIMF\u2013SMF for ultrashort pulse generation. J. Opt. Commun. 452(1), 7\u201311 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"15","key":"913_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5113","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2018.2869788","volume":"36","author":"Z Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Guo, X., Fu, X., Shu, C., Li, Z.: Investigation of four-wave-mixing crosstalk in phase-sensitive fiber optical parametric amplifier. J. Lightw. Technol. 36(15), 5113\u20135120 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Lightw. Technol."},{"key":"913_CR4","unstructured":"Habib, U., Steeg, M., Stohr, A., Gomes, N.J.: Radio-over-fiber-supported 60GHz multiuser transmission using leaky wave antenna. In: International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP)"},{"key":"913_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habib, U., Aighobahi, A.E., Wang, C., Gomes, N.J.: Radio over fiber transport of mm-Wave 2x2 MIMO for spatial diversity and multiplexing. In: IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP), Long Beach USA, pp. 39\u201342 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/MWP.2016.7791280"},{"key":"913_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali, F., Khan, Y., Ali, A., Ahmad, G.: Minimization of nonlinear impairments and its impact on transmission performances of high-capacity long-haul optical networks. J. Opt. Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2018-0092","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2018-0092"},{"key":"913_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, F., Khan, Y., Qureshi, S. S., Ahmad, S., Waqas, M.: Effect of fiber-optics nonlinearities in long-haul and ultra-high speed DWDM optical transmission networks at 10, 40 and 100 Gb\/s ultra-high speed data rates. J. Opt. Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2018-0173","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2018-0173"},{"issue":"3","key":"913_CR8","first-page":"1700","volume":"3","author":"S Marvin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marvin, S., Pratheesh, P.: Analysis of SPM and FWM in optical fiber communication system using optisystem. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. 3(3), 1700\u20131704 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol."},{"key":"913_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, F., Khan, Y., Qureshi, S. S.: Transmission performance comparison of 16*100 Gbps dense wavelength division multiplexed long haul optical networks at different advance modulation formats under the influence of nonlinear impairments. J. Opt. Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2018-0185","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2018-0185"},{"issue":"2","key":"913_CR10","first-page":"368","volume":"4","author":"OF Anjum","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anjum, O.F., Horak, P., Jung, Y., Suzuki, M., Yamamoto, Y., Hasegawa, T., Petropoulos, P., Richardson, D.J., Parmigianil, F.: Bandwidth enhancement of inter-modal four wave mixing Bragg scattering by means of dispersion engineering. APL Photonics 4(2), 368\u2013370 (2018)","journal-title":"APL Photonics"},{"key":"913_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huszan\u00edk, T., Tur\u00e1n, J., Ovsen\u00edk, L.: On mitigation of four-wave mixing in high capacity ultra-DWDM system. In: Proceedings of the International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC), pp. 1\u20134. Krakow-Wieliczka, Poland (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/CarpathianCC.2019.8766021"},{"issue":"2","key":"913_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics2020426","volume":"2","author":"D Jiangbing","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiangbing, D., Li, L., Xinyu, F., Qingwen, L., Zuyuan, H.: Sensitivity enhancement for fiber bragg grating sensors by four wave mixing. Photonics 2(2), 426\u2013439 (2015)","journal-title":"Photonics"},{"issue":"4","key":"913_CR13","first-page":"01","volume":"2","author":"A Panda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Panda, A., Mishra, D.P.: Nonlinear effect of four wave mixing for wdm in radio-over-fiber systems. J. Electron. Commun. Eng. Res. 2(4), 01\u201306 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Electron. Commun. Eng. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"913_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11107-019-00857-9","volume":"38","author":"SK Pandey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pandey, S.K., Yadav, S.: Theoretical analysis of self-phase modulation effect on different parameters in optical transmission system. J. Photon. Netw. Commun. 38(2), 289\u2013297 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Photon. Netw. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"913_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"e Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"e Wu, J. W., Nakarmi, B., Won, Y. H., : Highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing in single-mode fabry-perot laser diode subject to dual-mode injection. IEEE Photonics J. 8(2), 1\u20136 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"issue":"19","key":"913_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4210","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2736962","volume":"35","author":"J Colin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colin, J., Karlsson, M.: Effects of polarization-mode dispersion on degenerate four-wave mixing. J. Lightw. Technol. 35(19), 4210\u20134218 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Lightw. Technol."},{"key":"913_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kavitha, K., priya, R. V., Devi, M.V. R.: Mixed fiber optical parametric amplifiers for broadband optical communication systems with reduced nonlinear effects. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, India (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCSP.2017.8286754"},{"key":"913_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalid, R.: Analysis of the Q-factor of the external modulation with different optical filters to overcome the fwm non-linearity in the fiber networks. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wireless Systems and Networks, pp. 19\u201322. Lahore, Pakistan (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWSN.2017.8250010"},{"key":"913_CR19","first-page":"414","volume":"11","author":"JL Paza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paza, J.L., Alvaradoc, Y.J., Ascanoa, L.L., Vera, C.C.: Three levels of propagation of the four-wave mixing signal. J. Res. Phys. 11, 414\u2013421 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Res. Phys."},{"key":"913_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, M.: Efficiency of four wave mixing effect at different system parameters of an optical fiber WDM transmission link. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Engineering, pp. 21\u201322. Computational Sciences, Chandigarh, India (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/RAECS.2015.7453428"},{"issue":"1","key":"913_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2667722","volume":"35","author":"D Uzunidis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uzunidis, D., Matrakidis, C.: Analytical FWM expressions for coherent optical transmission systems. J. Lightw. Technol. 35(1), 2734\u20132740 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Lightw. Technol."},{"issue":"23","key":"913_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28316","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.028316","volume":"22","author":"D Uzunidis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uzunidis, D., Matrakidis, C., Stavdas, A.: Simplified model for nonlinear noise calculation in coherent optical OFDM systems. J. Op. Express 22(23), 28316\u201326 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Op. Express"},{"key":"913_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2016.05.022","volume":"378","author":"D Uzunidis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uzunidis, D., Matrakidis, C., Stavdas, A.: An improved model for estimating the impact of FWM in coherent optical systems. J. Opt. Commun. 378, 22\u201327 (2016)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"key":"913_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anjum, O.F.: Channel selective wavelength conversion by means of inter modal four wave mixing. In: Proceedings Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition, pp. 1\u20133. San Diego, CA, USA (2019)","DOI":"10.1364\/OFC.2019.W4F.4"},{"issue":"4","key":"913_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2013.2295208","volume":"32","author":"P Poggiolini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poggiolini, P.: The GN-model of fiber non-linear propagation and its applications. J. Lightw. Technol. 32(4), 694\u2013721 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Lightw. Technol."},{"key":"913_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Purz, T.L., Martin, E.W., Wang, Z., Deng, H., Cundiff, S.T.: Measurement of excitation coherence lengths using multi-spatial-mode four-wave mixing. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, pp. 1\u20132. San Jose, CA, USA (2019)","DOI":"10.1364\/CLEO_QELS.2019.FF3D.1"},{"issue":"23","key":"913_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3942","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2014.2361357","volume":"32","author":"P Johannisson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johannisson, P., Agrell, E.: Modeling of nonlinear signal distortion in fiber-optic networks. J. Lightw. Technol. 32(23), 3942\u20133950 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Lightw. Technol."},{"key":"913_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2014.09.008","volume":"335","author":"Y Qiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qiao, Y.: Analytical expressions for the nonlinear interference in dispersion managed transmission coherent optical systems. J. Opt. Commun. 335, 116\u2013125 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"13","key":"913_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2667722","volume":"17","author":"D Uzunidis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uzunidis, D., Matrakidis, C., Stavdas, A.: Comparison of simplified FWM expressions for coherent optical systems in both dispersion managed and un- managed fiber links. J. Lightw. Technol. 17(13), 2734\u20132740 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Lightw. Technol."},{"key":"913_CR30","first-page":"382","volume":"17","author":"NS Ashok","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ashok, N.S., Goel, K.: Analysis of four wave mixing effect at different channel spacing in DWDM systems using edfa with single pump source. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 17, 382\u2013389 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Sci."}],"container-title":["Photonic Network Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11107-020-00913-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11107-020-00913-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11107-020-00913-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T10:55:14Z","timestamp":1634122514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11107-020-00913-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11107-020-00913-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-974X","1572-8188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-974X","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}