{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:22:59Z","timestamp":1777710179094,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photon Netw Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11107-022-00984-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T06:02:30Z","timestamp":1663480950000},"page":"133-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Design of tunable optical frequency comb generation based on electro-optic modulator"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Vishal","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6348-1743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Lovkesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"984_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8400206","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.2019.2948152","volume":"55","author":"Z Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Ma, M., Sun, H., Khalil, M., Adams, R., Yim, K., Jin, X., Chen, L.R.: OFC generation using CMOS compatible cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 55(6), 8400206 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"984_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2021.166948","volume":"241","author":"V Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma, V., Singh, S., Lovkesh, Anashkina, E.A., Andrianov, A.V.: Demonstration of OFC generation using four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fiber. Optik 241, 166948 (2021)","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"984_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22387","volume":"546","author":"P Marin-Palomo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marin-Palomo, P., Kemal, J.N., Karpov, M., Kordts, A., Pfeifle, J., Pfeiffer, M.H.P., Trocha, P., Wolf, S., Brasch, V., Anderson, M.H., Rosenberger, R., Vijayan, K., Freude, W., Kippenberg, T.J., Koos, C.: Microresonator-based solitons for massively parallel coherent optical communications. Nature 546, 274\u2013279 (2017)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"984_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/416233a","volume":"416","author":"T Udem","year":"2002","unstructured":"Udem, T., Holzwarth, R., Hansch, T.W.: Optical frequency metrology. Nature 416, 233\u2013237 (2002)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6312","key":"984_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah6516","volume":"354","author":"M-G Suh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suh, M.-G., Yang, Q.-F., Yang, K.Y., Yi, X., Vahala, K.J.: Microresonator soliton dual-comb spectroscopy. Science 354(6312), 600\u2013603 (2016)","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"17","key":"984_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4375","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2019.2924352","volume":"37","author":"EA Anashkina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anashkina, E.A., Koptev, M.Y., Andrianov, A.V., Dorofeev, V.V., Singh, S., Lovkesh, Leuchs, G., Kim, A.V.: Reconstruction of optical pulse intensity and phase based on SPM spectra measurements in microstructured tellurite fiber in telecommunication range. J. Light. Technol. 37(17), 4375\u20134381 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"984_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2007.910755","volume":"20","author":"S Ozharar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ozharar, S., Quinlan, F., Ozdur, I., Gee, S., Delfett, P.J.: Ultraflat optical comb generation by phase-only modulation of continuous-wave light. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 20(1), 36\u201338 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"5466","key":"984_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5466.635","volume":"288","author":"DJ Jones","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jones, D.J., Diddams, S.A., Ranka, J.K., Stentz, A., Windeler, R.S., Hall, J.L., Cundiff, S.T.: Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis. Science 288(5466), 635\u2013639 (2000)","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"984_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.29.000250","volume":"29","author":"BR Washburn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Washburn, B.R., Diddams, S.A., Newbury, N.R., Nicholson, J.W., Yan, M.F., J\u00f8rgensen, C.G.: Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laserbased frequency comb in the near infrared. Opt. Lett. 29(3), 250\u2013252 (2004)","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"issue":"5953","key":"984_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1179112","volume":"326","author":"A Bartels","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bartels, A., Heinecke, D., Diddams, S.A.: 10-GHz self-referenced OFC. Science 326(5953), 681 (2009)","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"984_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2014.85","volume":"8","author":"D Burghoff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burghoff, D., Kao, T.-Y., Han, N., Chan, C.W.I., Cai, X., Yang, Y., Hayton, D.J., Gao, J.-R., Reno, J.L., Qing, Hu.: Terahertz laser frequency combs. Nat. Photonics 8(6), 462\u2013467 (2014)","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"issue":"3","key":"984_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1364\/AOP.8.000465","volume":"8","author":"J Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, J., Song, Y.: Ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency combs: principles, status, and applications. Adv. Opt. Photonics 8(3), 465\u2013540 (2016)","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Photonics"},{"issue":"5","key":"984_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5277","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.24.005277","volume":"24","author":"S Uvin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uvin, S., Keyvaninia, S., Lelarge, F., Duan, G.-H., Kuyken, B., Roelkens, G.: Narrow line width frequency comb source based on an injection-locked III\u2013V-on-silicon mode-locked laser. Opt. Express 24(5), 5277\u20135286 (2016)","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"5","key":"984_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16260","DOI":"10.1038\/lsa.2016.260","volume":"6","author":"Z Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, Z., et al.: A III-V-on-Si ultra-dense comb laser. Light Sci. Appl. 6(5), e16260 (2017)","journal-title":"Light Sci. Appl."},{"key":"984_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2017.02.058","volume":"396","author":"L Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, L., Zhang, X., Xu, T., Dai, Z., Liu, T.: Simple OFC generation using a passively mode-locked quantum dot laser. Opt. Commun. 396, 105\u2013109 (2017)","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"6378","key":"984_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao3924","volume":"359","author":"P Trocha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trocha, P., Karpov, M., Ganin, D., Pfeiffer, M.H.P., Kordts, A., Wolf, S., Krockenberger, J., Marin-Palomo, P., Weimann, C., Randel, S., Freude, W., Kippenberg, T.J., Koos, C.: Ultrafast optical ranging using microresonator soliton frequency combs. Science 359(6378), 887\u2013891 (2018)","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7727","key":"984_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0598-9","volume":"562","author":"B Stern","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stern, B., Ji, X., Okawachi, Y., Gaeta, A.L., Lipson, M.: Batteryoperated integrated frequency comb generator. Nature 562(7727), 401\u2013405 (2018)","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"984_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2011.2173463","volume":"30","author":"N Dupuis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dupuis, N., Doerr, C.R., Zhang, L., Chen, L., Sauer, N.J., Dong, Po., Buhl, L.L., Ahn, D.: InP-based comb generator for optical FDM. J. Light. 30(4), 466\u2013472 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Light."},{"issue":"8","key":"984_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.3.000823","volume":"3","author":"M Pu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pu, M., Ottaviano, L., Semenova, E., Yvind, K.: Efficient frequency comb generation in AlGaAs-on-insulator. Optica 3(8), 823\u2013826 (2016)","journal-title":"Optica"},{"key":"984_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-021-03207-0","volume":"53","author":"V Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma, V., Singh, S., Lovkesh: Cross-phase modulation based ultra-flat 90-line optical frequency comb generation. Opt. Quantum Electron. 53, 657 (2021)","journal-title":"Opt. Quantum Electron."},{"issue":"6","key":"984_CR21","first-page":"066108","volume":"60","author":"V Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma, V., Singh, S., Lovkesh, Anashkina, E.A., Andrianov, A.V.: Optical frequency comb generation by the exploitation of gain modulation phenomenon in semiconductor optical amplifier. Opt. Eng. 60(6), 066108 (2021)","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"984_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8508","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.008508","volume":"21","author":"T Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, T., Dong, J., Liao, S., Huang, D., Zhang, X.: Comparison analysis of OFC generation with nonlinear effects in highly nonlinear fibers. Opt. Express 21(7), 8508\u20138520 (2013)","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"15","key":"984_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.37.003066","volume":"37","author":"VR Supradeepa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Supradeepa, V.R., Weiner, A.M.: Bandwidth scaling and spectral flatness enhancement of OFCs from phase-modulated continuous-wave lasers using cascaded four-wave mixing. Opt. Lett. 37(15), 3066\u20133068 (2012)","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"984_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8986\/ac4c86","author":"V Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma, V., Singh, S., Lovkesh: Development of frequency comb generation by spectral broadening of periodic optical pulses in semiconductor laser amplifiers. J. Opt. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2040-8986\/ac4c86","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"issue":"10","key":"984_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.2006.881826","volume":"42","author":"J Fatome","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fatome, J., Pitois, S., Millot, G.: 20-GHz to 1-GHz repetition rate pulse source based on multiple four wave mixing in optical fiber. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 42(10), 1038\u20131046 (2006)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"984_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2009.11.050","volume":"283","author":"FC Cruz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cruz, F.C., Marconi, J.D., Cerqueira, A., Fragnito, H.L.: Broadband second harmonic generation of an OFC produced by four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fibers. Opt. Commun. 283, 1459\u20131462 (2010)","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"984_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2016.2640276","volume":"29","author":"Qu Kun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kun, Qu., Zhao, S., Li, X., Zhu, Z., Liang, D., Liang, D.: Ultra-flat and broadband OFCc generator via a single Mach-Zehnder modulator. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 29(2), 255\u2013258 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"984_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2012.2227696","volume":"25","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yamamoto, T., Hitomi, K., Kobayashi, W., Yasaka, H.: OFC block generation by using semiconductor Mach-Zehnder modulator. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(1), 40\u201342 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"984_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2017.2779464","volume":"30","author":"P Mart\u00edn-Mateos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Mateos, P., Porro, A., Acedo, P.: Fully adaptable electro-optic dual-comb generation. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 30(2), 161\u2013164 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"984_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.39.003050","volume":"39","author":"Q Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Huo, L., Xing, Y., Zhou, B.: Ultra-flat OFC generator using a single-driven dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator. Opt. Lett. 39(10), 3050\u20133053 (2014)","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"issue":"17","key":"984_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2018.2856767","volume":"30","author":"J Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin, J., Sepehrian, H., Xu, Y., Rusch, L.A., Shi, W.: Frequency comb generation using a CMOS compatible SiP DD-MZM for flexible networks. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 30(17), 1495\u20131498 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"19","key":"984_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.003234","volume":"35","author":"R Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu, R., Supradeepa, V.R., Long, C.M., Leaird, D.E., Weiner, A.M.: Generation of very flat OFCs from continuous-wave lasers using cascaded intensity and phase modulators driven by tailored radio frequency waveforms. Opt. Lett. 35(19), 3234\u20133236 (2010)","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"984_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115107","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.60.11.115107","volume":"60","author":"V Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma, V., Singh, S., Bhatia, L.: Theoretical model of cascaded electro-optic intensity modulator-based 2.31-THz broad optical frequency comb generator. Opt. Eng. 60(11), 115107 (2021)","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"984_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2015.01.054","volume":"55","author":"JK Hmood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hmood, J.K., Emami, S.D., Noordin, K.A., Ahmad, H., Harun, S.W., Shalaby, H.M.H.: OFC generation based on chirping of Mach-Zehnder modulators. Opt. Commun. 55(6), 139\u2013146 (2015)","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"984_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2015.03.003","volume":"23","author":"X Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, X., Xiao, J.: Flattened optical frequency-locked multi-carrier generation by cascading one EML and one phase modulator driven by different RF clocks. Opt. Fiber Technol. 23, 116\u2013121 (2015)","journal-title":"Opt. Fiber Technol."},{"key":"984_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2015.03.016","volume":"72","author":"J Yan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yan, J., Zhang, S., Xia, Z., Bai, M., Zheng, Z.: A tunable OFC generator using single dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator. Opt. Laser Technol. 72, 74\u201378 (2015)","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"issue":"14","key":"984_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2015.05.068","volume":"354","author":"F Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Ge, X., Pan, S.: A two-stage OFC generator based on polarization modulators and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Commun. 354(14), 94\u2013102 (2015)","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"18","key":"984_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3834","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.37.003834","volume":"37","author":"C He","year":"2012","unstructured":"He, C., Pan, S., Guo, R., Zhao, Y., Pan, M.: Ultra-flat OFC generated based on cascaded polarization modulators. Opt. Lett. 37(18), 3834\u20133836 (2012)","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"984_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1109\/68.275451","volume":"6","author":"JC Cartledge","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cartledge, J.C., Rolland, C., Lemerle, S., Solheim, A.: Theoretical performance of 10 Gb\/s lightwave systems using a III-V semiconductor Mach-Zehnder modulator. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 6(2), 282\u2013284 (1994)","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."}],"container-title":["Photonic Network Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11107-022-00984-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11107-022-00984-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11107-022-00984-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T10:48:21Z","timestamp":1667040501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11107-022-00984-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11107-022-00984-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-974X","1572-8188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-974X","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}