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Up to now, this effect has predominantly been analyzed in the case where the carrier-system interactions take the form of ideal unitary operations, thus leaving untested its robustness against either non-unitary or unitary errors. We address this issue by considering the effect of incoherent dynamics acting alongside imperfect unitary interactions. In particular, we determine the restrictions that need to be placed on the interaction time, as well as the strength of the incoherent dynamics. We find that with non-unitary errors, we can still successfully distribute entanglement, provided we measure the carrier in a suitable basis. Introducing imperfections in the unitary dynamics, we show that entanglement gain is possible even with substantial unitary errors. Moreover, certain variations in the strength of the unitary dynamics can allow for greater robustness against non-unitary errors. Therefore, even in experimental settings where unitary operations cannot be carried out without imperfections, it is still possible to generate entanglement between two systems using a separable carrier.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11128-021-03133-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T12:02:31Z","timestamp":1623931351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distributing entanglement with separable states: assessment of encoding and decoding imperfections"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1016-5952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"McAleese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5506-6814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gediminas","family":"Juska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4054-235X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman Ranjbar","family":"Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7682-0601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Pelucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7579-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8870-9134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Paternostro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3133_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.70.1895","volume":"70","author":"CH Bennett","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G., Cr\u00e9peau, C., Jozsa, R., Peres, A., Wootters, W.K.: Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein\u2013Podolsky\u2013Rosen channels. 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